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Chapter Thirty-One:
The Ordeal of Liberalism
Brinkley, The Unfinished Nation, 4/e
Copyright ©2004 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
31-2
Chapter Thirty-One: The Ordeal of Liberalism
Expanding the Liberal State John Kennedy
Kennedy Elected
The Election of 1960
Copyright ©2004 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
31-3
Chapter Thirty-One: The Ordeal of Liberalism
Expanding the Liberal State John Kennedy
Kennedy Elected The “New Frontier”
John F. Kennedy (Library of Congress)
“And so, my fellow Americans: ask not what your country can do for you--ask what you can do for your country.”
-John F. Kennedy
Copyright ©2004 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
31-4
Expanding the Liberal State Lyndon Johnson
“Great Society”
Chapter Thirty-One: The Ordeal of Liberalism
Lyndon Johnson (Library of Congress)
Copyright ©2004 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
31-5
Expanding the Liberal State The Assault on Poverty
Medicare and Medicaid Failure of the OEO
Chapter Thirty-One: The Ordeal of Liberalism
Copyright ©2004 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
31-6
Expanding the Liberal State Cities, Schools, and Immigration
Federal Aid to Education Immigration Act of 1965
Chapter Thirty-One: The Ordeal of Liberalism
Copyright ©2004 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
31-7
Expanding the Liberal State Legacies of the Great Society
Achievements of the Great Society
Chapter Thirty-One: The Ordeal of Liberalism
The Johnson Treatment
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31-8
The Battle for Racial Equality Expanding Protests
SNCC
Ronald Martin, Robert Patterson, and Mark Martin stage sit-down strike after being refused service at an F.W. Woolworth luncheon counter, Greensboro, N.C. 1960. (Library of Congress)
Chapter Thirty-One: The Ordeal of Liberalism
Copyright ©2004 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
31-9
The Battle for Racial Equality Expanding Protests
SNCC “Freedom Rides”
Chapter Thirty-One: The Ordeal of Liberalism
Background Map: 1961 Freedom Rides [New York]: Associated Press Newsfeature, [1962]. (Library of Congress)
Copyright ©2004 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
31-10
The Battle for Racial Equality A National Commitment
March on Washington
Chapter Thirty-One: The Ordeal of Liberalism
“I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: ‘We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal.’ “
Martin Luther King, Jr.
Copyright ©2004 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
31-11
The Battle for Racial Equality The Battle for Voting Rights
“Freedom Summer” Voting Rights Act Approved
Chapter Thirty-One: The Ordeal of Liberalism
Copyright ©2004 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
31-12
The Battle for Racial Equality The Changing Movement
“Affirmative Action”
Chapter Thirty-One: The Ordeal of Liberalism
Copyright ©2004 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
31-13
The Battle for Racial Equality Urban Violence
Riots
Chapter Thirty-One: The Ordeal of Liberalism
Copyright ©2004 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
31-14
The Battle for Racial Equality Black Power
Racial Distinctiveness Emphasized Black Panthers
Chapter Thirty-One: The Ordeal of Liberalism
“Nobody can give you freedom. Nobody can give you equality or justice or anything. If you're a man, you take it.”
- Malcolm X
Copyright ©2004 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
31-15
“Flexible Response and the Cold War” Diversifying Foreign Policy
“Alliance for Progress” Bay of Pigs
Chapter Thirty-One: The Ordeal of Liberalism
The US in Latin America, 1954-2001
Copyright ©2004 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
31-16
“Flexible Response and the Cold War” Confrontations with the Soviet Union
Berlin Wall Cuban Missile Crisis
Chapter Thirty-One: The Ordeal of Liberalism
“Communist domination in this hemisphere can never be negotiated”
John F. Kennedy
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31-17
“Flexible Response” and the Cold War Johnson and the World
Intervention in the Dominican Republic
Chapter Thirty-One: The Ordeal of Liberalism
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31-18
The Agony of Vietnam America and Diem
Growing Support for Diem Diem Assassinated
Chapter Thirty-One: The Ordeal of Liberalism
Copyright ©2004 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
31-19
The Agony of Vietnam From Aid to Intervention
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
Chapter Thirty-One: The Ordeal of Liberalism
“Resolved…That the Congress approves and supports the determination of the President, as Commander in Chief, to take all necessary measures to repel any armed attack against the forces of the United States and to prevent further aggression.”
- Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
Copyright ©2004 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
31-20
The Agony of Vietnam The Quagmire
“Attrition” Strategy “Pacification”
Chapter Thirty-One: The Ordeal of Liberalism
Copyright ©2004 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
31-21
The Agony of Vietnam The War at Home
Growing Antiwar Movement
Chapter Thirty-One: The Ordeal of Liberalism
"Hey, Hey LBJ; How Many Kids Did You Kill Today?"
- Antiwar Chant
Copyright ©2004 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
31-22
The Agony of Vietnam The War at Home
Growing Antiwar Movement War-Induced Inflation
Chapter Thirty-One: The Ordeal of Liberalism
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31-23
The Traumas of 1968 The Tet Offensive
Political Defeat
Chapter Thirty-One: The Ordeal of Liberalism
Copyright ©2004 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
31-24
The Traumas of 1968 The Political Challenge
Eugene McCarthy Robert Kennedy
Chapter Thirty-One: The Ordeal of Liberalism
“Some men see things as they are and say why. I dream things that never were and say why not.”
- Robert Kennedy
Copyright ©2004 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
31-25
The Traumas of 1968 The King Assassination
James Earl Ray
Chapter Thirty-One: The Ordeal of Liberalism
“I have bad news for you, for all of our fellow citizens, and people who love peace all over the world, and that is that Martin Luther King was shot and killed tonight. Martin Luther King dedicated his life to love and to justice for his fellow human beings, and he died because of that effort.”
- Robert Kennedy
Copyright ©2004 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
31-26
The Traumas of 1968 The Kennedy Assassination and Chicago
Democratic National Convention
Chapter Thirty-One: The Ordeal of Liberalism
Copyright ©2004 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
31-27
The Traumas of 1968 The Conservative Response
George Wallace
Chapter Thirty-One: The Ordeal of Liberalism
The Election of 1968
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31-28
The Traumas of 1968 The Conservative Response
George Wallace Nixon Elected
Chapter Thirty-One: The Ordeal of Liberalism
Richard M. Nixon (Library of Congress)
Copyright ©2004 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
31-29
Debating the Past:
The Vietnam Commitment
Chapter Thirty-One: The Ordeal of Liberalism
Copyright ©2004 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
31-30
America in the World:
1968
Chapter Thirty-One: The Ordeal of Liberalism
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