Present Perfect versus Past Simple

Upstream BookUnit 3a + Hello Book Unit 16

LANGUAGE NOTES

USAGE

1- A past action. The emphasis is on the action, time is unimportant or unknown, no time.

2- A past action continuing to the presentStative verbs: be, have, like, knowEx: We have known her for two years

3- A past action, but recently completed/finishedEx: I’ve just finished cooking.

4- A personal experience or a changeEx: She has lost five kilos.I’ve moved to a new flat this yearShe has had a new baby (What)

A past action that has an effect on the present

I’ve broken my leg

NOW my leg is broken

Several times in the past: I know it very well. I’ve watched it many times before.

FORM He/ she/ it + has + pp

I/ you/we/they + have +pp

Don’t repeat !! I have read the story and summarized it

SHORT FORMS Has= ’s Have= ’v Ahmed’s talked to them= ? She’s been nice= ? She’s nice= ?

Pronunciation??

has + not = hasn’t

have + not = haven’t

Yes, I’ve heard about that. No, She hasn’t.

Muhammed’s finished his stuff. (What) Ahmed’s taken the stuff. (Who) They’ve arrived at Cairo Airport early.

(When) They’ve had dinner early. (When)

(What)

Time Expressions:

Just, already, yet: recent actionsI’ve just done my homework.

I have already met herHave you done the shopping already?

Yet: in questions and negatives: Have you bought the tickets yet? Bill has not come yet.

Ever, never: personal experiences, mostlyEver: at any timeHave you ever heard about this?Never: at no timeI’ve never done the chores.

I’ve not met him so far.I’ve sent all the emails today.I’ve won an interview this week/month.He has always believed everything he reads.

I have recently started learning English.I have met hem lately.We still have not received our story book. How long: durationHow long have you been there?

For & Since:For: durationWe have been tennis partners for three years/ days/ months… the last … etc. .Since: point of timeHe has lived here since 2000/ last year/ last October/ last Monday/ weekwe were youngwe last metwe were at school…etc .

Have been to / have gone to:He has gone to France. “He has not returned” He has been to England. “He has gone and returned”

SB Exercises