1

Dr Alka BhargavaDirector

Ministry of Human Resource Development

Vocational Education in SchoolsAn Indian Perspective

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Population of over 1.2 billion and a workforce of 460 million

Unemployment by the current daily status measure is 6.2% of the labour force

Median age of India is 24 years54% of India's rural workforce is self-employed 42.6% of population in urban areas is self-

employed Over 70% of the labour force in all sectors

combined (organized and unorganized) is either illiterate or educated below the primary level

Demographics

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Demand Supply MismatchAge Group 15-29

only 2% have undergone formal vocational training8% acquired skills at work place

93% of workforce in unorganized sectors

New entrants to the workforce every year: 12.8m

Existing skill development capacity: 3.1 million

Need for Vocationalisation

1.66 cr

2.89 cr

5.54 cr

No. in Seconda

rySchools

No. in Higher

Secondary

Schools

No. in Upper

PrimarySchools

Popu

latio

n 4.

84 c

rPo

pula

tion

4.86

cr

60,383 schools

1,23,265 schools

3,36,638 schools

Popu

latio

n7.

27 c

r

5

0102030405060708090

100

50

30

96

40

70

5

% of Students in Vocational Education

6

Age of introducing VEIN

TE

RN

AT

ION

AL

S

CE

NA

RIO

UK USA

AUSTRALIA GERMANY

JAPAN CHINA

FRANCE INDIA

BRAZIL RUSSIA

SA SWITZERLAND

SWEDEN PARAGUAY

NORWAY NEW ZEALAND

MEXICO KOREA

HUNGARY FINLAND

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

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Lack of uniformity in qualifications across Institutions

Lack of clear recognized pathways of learning

Lack of credibility among stakeholdersLack of horizontal and vertical mobilityNo formal recognition of informal (prior)

learningInput based traditional education system

that promotes rote learning

Need for a National Vocational Education Qualifications Framework

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Level

General Education Qualifications TVET qualifications

10 Doctorates NCC 8

9 Masters NCC 7

8 Post Graduate Certificates, Post Graduate Diplomas and Bachelor Degrees (Honours)

NCC 6

7 Bachelor Degrees and Graduate Diplomas

NCC 5

6 Graduate Certificates/Advanced Diplomas

NCC 4

5 Diplomas NCC 34 Class XII (General Academic/Vocational

Education)NCC 2

3 Class XI (General Academic/ Vocational Education)

National Competence Certificate 1 (NCC 1)

2 Class X (Pre-vocational) NCWP-2

1 Class IX (Pre-vocational)

National Certificate for Work Preparation 1 (NCWP-1)

Architecture of NVEQF

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Industry – a Major Player in TVET reforms

Demand Driven - Involvement of Industry to identify skills required and gaps in demand and supply (LMIS based)

Competencies acquired to align with skill requirements of employers/labour market.

Industry’s involvement in delivery and joint certification

Industry financing of TVET

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No Sector Sector Skill Council

1. Automobile Automotive Skill Development Council

2. Security Security Knowledge and Skill Development Council

3. Energy Indian Energy Skill Development Council

4. Retailing Retailers Association Skill Council of India

5. Film, Media, Broadcasting, Entertainment and Animation

Film, Media, Broadcasting, Entertainment and Animation Skill Council

6. Information Technology and IT enabled Services

Information Technology and IT enabled Services Skill Development Council

Sector Skill Councils

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Bridge Course (if required) to fill competency gap – NIOS/ State Open Schools/IGNOU/ State Open Universities

Recognition of Prior Learning – assessment of Competencies (including literacy & numeracy skills)and certification

Labour Market

NVEQ levels

Recognition of Prior Learning

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INTER-MINISTERIAL COMMITTEE ON NVEQF (Advisory)

(MHRD, NSDC and MoL&E to coordinate implementation of norms and standards of NVEQF)

NSDC, SSCs SUPPORTED BY NATIONAL LEVEL INSTITUTES

(Develop Sector Occupation Map, National Occupation Standards (NOS), Competency Based Curriculum (CBC),

Training Packages)

NATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS BODY(Register and approve Qualifications, NOS, CBC and

Training Packages)

Management Mechanism

STATE LEVEL TVET BODY: DEPTS OF EDUCATION + INDUSTRY+ LABOUR +STATE SKILL COUNCILS (to be established)

(Identify local opportunities and skill requirements and assist in establishment of linkages, training delivery, funding, monitoring, etc.)

 

REGISTERED EDUCATION AND TRAINING PROVIDERS (RETP)(Deliver locally relevant courses within the nationally endorsed NVEQs)

CBSE (CBVE) / STATE BOARDS OF EDUCATION / POLYTECHNICS / UNIVERSITIES AND SECTOR SKILL COUNCILS

(conduct assessment for respective qualification levels)

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Management Mechanism

Goals and Objectives of VE in Schools

Enhance employability of the youth

Establish close synergy with industry at all levels

To be offered in Classes IX –XII

NVEQF

Salient Features of Revised Scheme

Strengthening of existing vocational education schools

Establishment of new vocational education schools

Assistance to run private vocational education schools under PPP mode

Assistance to NGOs for innovative practices

In-service training for existing VE teachers and induction training for new VE teachers Contd…

Salient Features of Revised Scheme (contd.)

Development of competency based modules for each individual vocational course

It will be mandatory to revise the curriculum once in three years to ensure that it is guided by the needs of the industry

Setting of a Vocational Education Cell in CBSEA strong partnership with the

industry/employers in all activities right from selection of courses, curriculum development, teaching processes, resource persons, assessment and certification

New Courses introduced by CBSEFinancial Market Management (joint certification

with National Stock Exchange)Healthcare SciencesMass Media studies and Media Production

(Whistling Woods International, Mumbai)Hospitality and Tourism (National Council of

Hotel Management and Catering Technology, New Delhi)

Geospatial Technology (Rolta India Ltd, Mumbai)Some courses have been revised and made more

relevant in today’s contextEnrollment in VE is about 37,000 in over 850 CBSE affiliated

schools

National Institute of Open Schooling Open Basic Education (OBE) Programme for

children upto 14 years, adolescents and adultsSecondary Education Course Senior Secondary Education Course Vocational Education courses/Programmes

(1313 Accredited Vocational Institutes offering about 80 vocational courses)

Life Enrichment Programmes Open Schools in 15 States

2264 study centres, over 18.5 lakh students

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PSS Central Institute of Vocational Education (PSSCIVE)

Premier institute of NCERT for teacher training and curricular development

A UNEVOC CentreDivisionsAgricultureBusiness and CommerceEngineering and TechnologyHealth and Education for the DisabledHome ScienceHumanities Science and Education

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ChallengesSynergy / partnership with industryDevelopment of unorganised / non industrial

sectorsAvailability of qualified vocational teachersDevelopment of competency based modulesCredits data baseEstablishment of equivalency between

general and vocational coursesSeamless progression into higher education Horizontal mobility, if and where desired

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Thank you