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Greek Architecture:The 3 Orders
By Michael Loebig
Background information:
Business Marketing student
3+1 with Northwood University
One more summer semester; will be going to Northwood in the Fall.
Why I chose this topic:
I was intrigued by the 3 orders; I wanted to expand on it.
I’ve always been fascinated by architecture (I almost studied to be one).
Overview:
Part 1: Doric order
Part 2: Ionic order
Part 3: Corinthian order
First things first:
Post and Lintel architecture
The most-oldest and most-basic type of architectural system
Greeks used this system for all 3 orders
From dirt to stone
This system is still used today when we use
2 X 4’s
behind
dry wall.
Part 1: Doric order
The most-basic form of Greek architecture
Began in the 7th century on the mainland in Greece
Remained the predominant form of architecture throughout
the fifth century B.C.E.
The entablature was decorated using Triglyphs (tri = 3, and
Glyph = mark). Every other triglyph matches over every other pillar
across the Frieze.
The shafts have some decoration at the top (the capital), but
go directly into the base (stylobate). There’s no decorative footing.
The shafts have all been fluted
Example 1: The Parthenon477-432 B.C.E.
Example 1: The Parthenon
Entasis:
The shafts have been tapered to be wider at the base, and become more narrower as they move to the top at the capital.
This tapering is exaggerated the closer each shaft gets to the capital.
Example 2, The Templeof Hera I, 550 B.C.E.
(Entasis example)
Transition slide!
The doric order provides a sense of masculinity.
Stocky proportions
Plain, and strong visuals
Were constructed to honor great warriors, or even warrior gods, such as Hercules.
Part 2: Ionic order
The proportions have changed: tall and slim is the resounding theme from here on out.
The Greeks started to incorporate designs for each base.
There is more detail seen in the capitals.
The fluting is more aesthetically pleasing.
Doric VS Ionic
Ionic order: what to expect
The Erechtheion
The Erechtheion
Valutes from the Erechtheion
Transition slide!
To recap, the Ionic order had the same principles as the Doric order, and more style was added.
A base was added, along with more detail in the capitals, and the fluting is more precise and less edgy.
Doric (left) vs. Ionic (right)
Part 3: Corinthian order
Taller proportions
More decorative and increased levels of
detail in the capitals.
Acanthus leaves inspired the design of the
capitals
Story about Callimachus
The Pantheon in Rome
The Pantheon capitals
Inside the Pantheon
In conclusion:
Sources:
Becker, Jeffrey A. "The Classical Orders." Khan Academy. Khan Academy, 2015. Web. 30 Apr. 2015.
Chin, Kaitlin. "The Pantheon." [Landscape Architecture Study Tour with Professor Jack Ahern. Department of Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, 2010. Web. 30 Apr. 2015.
Thavis, John. "Architecture of the Vatican - Official Catholic Directory." Architecture of the Vatican - Official Catholic Directory. Kosinski Architecture, 2015. Web. 30 Apr. 2015.
Swartwout, Edgerton. "The Classical Orders of Architecture." 3.5 (1918): 384-89. JSTOR. The Art World. Web. 30 Apr. 2015.
Cartwright, Mark. "Column." Ancient History Encyclopedia. Ancient History Encyclopedia, 30 Oct. 2012. Web. 30 Apr. 2015.