Presentation on GIS Application of

GRASS

() ( Geographic Resource support

Analysis System )

Mayur Patil.(J-39)

Sanket Bhatagalikar.(J-06)

Aakash Surywanshi.(J-56)

Umakant Thorat.(J-61)

Guided By:

Prof G. D. Bhutkar.

VISHWAKARMA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

(An Autonomous Institute affiliated to University of Pune)

PUNE – 411037

2011-2012

AGENDA

INTRODUCTION

HISTORY

WHAT IS GRASS ?

SERVICES PROVIDE BY GRASS

HOW TO USE GRASS ?

FEATURES

SUPPORTS

PRACTICAL USAGE

REFERENCES

INTRODUCTIONGRASS: GEOGRAPHIC RESOURCE ANALYSIS SUPPORT SYSTEM

Developed since 1984, always Open Source, since 1999 under

GNU General Public License

Written in C programming language, portable code (32/64bit)

International development team, since 2001 coordinated at ITC-irst,

since 2008 at OSGeo.org

Distributed as source code, precompiled binaries for various platforms,

CDROM

GNU/Linux Mac OSX

MS-Windows

iPAQ

INTRODUCTION(CONT…)GRASS: Geographic Resources Analysis Support

System

Free software GIS(“software libero”):

GRASS master web site is in Italy:

Portable: Versions for GNU/Linux, MS Windows, MAC OSX, SUN, etc.

Programming Programmer's manual Web site(PDF,HTML) generated

weekly.

Code is documented in source code files(doxygen)

Mailing list in various languages

Sample Data

Commercial Support

GRASS: more than 20 years of free GIS

GRASS 1.0

GRASS 4.2.1/4.3

GRASS 5.0

GRASS 5.1/5.7

GRASS 4.21993

1998

1999

1997 University of Baylor

1998 University of Hannover

2001 ITC-irst

GRASS 6.0

2001

2005

U.S. CERL (1984-1995)

GRASS Development Team

(1997- today)

1984 GRASS 4.1

2000

1989: civil Internet

1994: first WWW

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(OGC)

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1990 1992 2004

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HISTORY

GRASS USERS STATISTICS

GRASS 6

GRASS 6.2.0 release

31 Oct 2006

WHAT IS GRASS GIS ?

Geographic Resources Analysis Support System, commonly referred to as

GRASS GIS, is a Geographic Information System (GIS) used for data

management, image processing, graphics production, spatial modeling, and

visualization of many types of data. It is Free (Libre) Software/Open Source

released under GNU General Public License (GPL) >= V2. GRASS GIS is official

project of the Open Source Geospatial Foundation.

The new GRASS 6 release introduces a new topological 2D/3D vector engine and

support for vector network analysis. Attributes are now managed in a SQL-based

DBMS. A new display manager has been implemented. The NVIZ visualization

tool was enhanced to display 3D vector data and voxel volumes. Messages are

partially translated (i18N) with support for Free Type fonts, including multi-byte

Asian characters. New LOCATIONs can be auto-generated by EPSG code

number. GRASS is integrated with GDAL/OGR libraries to support an extensive

range of raster and vector formats, including OGC-conformal Simple Features.

SOME THINGS YOU SHOULD KNOW ABOUT

GRASS• Import of data: GRASS always import the complete map

● Export of data:

● Vector maps: always the entire map is exported (cut before if needed)

● Raster maps: r.out.gdal always exports entire map at original resolution

r.out.tiff (etc.) export at current region and resolution

What's a region in GRASS?

● The default region is the standard settings of a GRASS location which is

essentially independent from any map

● A region is the current working area (user selected resolution and coordinate

boundaries)

● All vector calculations are done at full vector map

● All raster calculations are done at current resolution/region. To do calculations

at original raster map resolution/region, the easiest way is to

use 'g.region' first to set

current region to map

(see next slides)

GRASS Mapset

“sardegna”

GRASS Mapset

“northeast”

GRASS Location

“italy”

SERVICES PROVIDE BY GRASS

Web Map Service (WMS1.3) Provides three operations protocols (GetCapabilities, GetMap, and

GetFeatureInfo) in support of the creation and display of registered and superimposed map-like views of information that come simultaneously from multiple sources that are both remote and heterogeneous.

Web Coverage Service (WCS)Extends the Web Map Server (WMS) interface to allow access to

geospatial "coverages" that represent values or properties of geographic locations, rather than WMS generated maps (pictures).

Web Feature Service (WFS)The purpose of the Web Feature Server Interface Specification (WFS)

is to describe data manipulation operations on OpenGIS® Simple Features (feature instances) such that servers and clients can 'communicate' at the feature level.

Web Map Context Documents (WMC)Create, store, and use "state" information from a WMS based client

application

HOW TO USE GRASS ?

•GRASS supports raster and vector data in

two and three dimensions

•The vector data model is topological,

meaning that areas

are defined by boundaries and centroids;

boundaries cannot overlap within a single

layer

•GRASS is designed as an environment in

which tools that perform specific GIS

computations are executed

• GRASS user is presented with a UNIX

shell containing a modified environment

that supports the execution of GRASS

commands (known as modules)

GUI OF GRASS

GRASS GIS: NEW GUI – PYTHON BASED

• fully integrated 350+ modules • add-ons managed on wiki

• raster: map algebra, DEM analysis, flow, buffers, solar,

• image: rectification, multispectral, reclassification

• vector: buffers, overlays, networks,

• DBMS: attribute management, SQL

• transformations: projections, raster-vector, interpolation

• visualization: 2D, 3D visualization, ps maps

• WMS support, Google earth through v.out.ogr

SUPPORTS

SUPPORTS(CONT...)

Supported Spatial Data Types

2D Raster data incl. image processing

3D Voxel data for volumetric data

2D/3D Vector data with topology

Multidimensional points data

Orthophoto

Distances

Vector TIN 3D Vector buildings

SUPPORTS(CONT…)GPS support, Printing Editor ...

FEATURES

GRASS (Geographic Resources Analysis Support System) is a raster/vector GIS,

image processing system, and graphics production system. It’s features are:

GRASS contains over 350 programs and tools to render maps and images on

monitor and paper.

Manipulate raster, vector, and sites data.

Process multi spectral image data; and create, manage, and store spatial data.

GRASS uses both an intuitive windows interface as well as command line syntax

for ease of operations.

GRASS can interface with commercial printers, plotters, digitizers, and databases

to develop new data as well as manage existing data.

GRASS features

Flood simulation Trento 1966

Piazza

Duomo

GRASS: Person walking distance 10 minutes

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GRASS: Person walking distance 30 minutes

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PRACTICAL GIS USAGE

Start a “terminal”

to enter commands

Start GRASS 6 within

the terminal:

grass61 help

grass61 gui

Rast er Vect or CAD W ebGIS

GeoTIFF DGN DXF Web Map Serv ice (WMS)

Erdas IMG ESRI-SHAPE DWG Web Coverage Serv ice (WCS)

MrSID GML ... Web Feature Serv ice (WFS)

ECW Spat ial SQL Web Map Contex t Docum ents (WMC)

JPEG2000 ...

GRASS GIS Interoperability

Data models and sources

GDAL OGR openDWGUMN

MapServer

GRASS PROJ.4

WebGIS: Integration of data sources

GRASS in the Web

Real-time monitoring of Earthquakes (provided in Web by USGS)

with GRASS/PHP: http://grass.itc.it/spearfish/php_grass_earthquakes.php

References:•http://next.ohloh.net/projects/3666

•http://grass.osgeo.org/wiki/WxPython-based_GUI_for_GRASS

•http://grass.it

•http://gmane.org

•www.mpasol.it

•http://www.sitemeter.com/?a=stats&s=s24grassgis