TOPIC TO REMEMBER

TENSESPRESENT

TENSEPAST TENSE CONTINUOUS

TENSEFUTURE TENSE

Action now Action past Action continue Action coming

VERB (SHOW ACTION) Kata KerjaPRESENT

TENSEPAST

TENSECONTINUO

USFUTURE

S P S Pbe is are was were

VERB do does do did doing will do‘to’ have has have had having will have

plays play played playing will playREGULAR walk

swalk walked walking will walk

VERB talks talk talked talking will talkgoes go went going will go

IRREGULAR buys buy bought buying will buyVERB swim

sswim swam swimming will swim

NOUNS (SHOW THINGS) Kata Nama1 Person (orang) Ahmad, boy, girl, father, people, teacher

Parts 2 Place (tempat) Kedah, Alor Setar, stadium, canteenof Nouns 3 Animal (binatang) cat, cow, goat, chicken, camel, horse

4 Things (benda) car, bag, lorry, house, knife, umbrella

NOUNS (SHOW NUMBERS)SINGULAR NOUN PLURAL

NOUNCommon Noun boy boys Countable NounProper Noun En Ahmad Countable NounCommon Noun jungle jungles Countable NounCommon Noun glass glasses Countable NounCommon Noun bus buses Countable NounCommon Noun lorry lorries Countable NounProper Noun Alor Setar Countable NounCommon Noun milk milk Uncountable NounCommon Noun hair hair Uncountable NounCommon Noun water water Uncountable NounCollective Noun a brood of chickens a shoal of fish a litter of kittens

PRONOUNSPERSONAL PRONOUN

POSSESSIVE PRONOUN

REFLEXIVE PRONOUN

Subject Object Adjective Pronouns Singular Pluralhe him his his himself

S she her hers her herselfit it - its itself

I(am) me mine my myselfP you you yours your yourself yourselve

swe us ours our ourselves

they them theirs their themelves

ARTICLE (TO SHOW ONE)a an the

singular a,e,i,o,u singular/pluralARTICLE WITH UNCOUNTABLE NOUN

a bowl of soup a glass of water a cup of tea a bunch of bananas

QUANTIFIERS (SHOW MANY)Countable Noun Uncountable Nouna few (sedikit) a little (sedikit)many (banyak) (not) much (tak banyak)

several (beberapa)some (beberapa)a lot of (banyak)

plenty of (banyak)(not) any (tak ada)

CONJUNCTION (TO JOIN SENTENCES)and but so because although ordan tetapi jadi sebab walaupun atauas since after therefore if unless

sambil semenjak selepas oleh itu jika kecuali

PREPOITIONS (TO SHOW LOCATION)in on under between

dalam atas bawah diantaraabove against across throughatas sandar melintas melalui

in front of beside over up/downdihadapan ditepi melepasi atas/bawah

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to along into outke sepanjang kedalam keluar

PREPOSITIONS OF TIMEat in during since

night the morning the holidays 2008No 8, Tmn mewah august the day last week

after from by ondinner now 3 o’clock Fridaysschool this time noon Sundays

ADJECTIVES (TELL MORE ABOUT A NOUN)tall short big small pretty hot cold ugly

tinggi pendek besar kecil cantik panas sejuk hodohCOMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES

the most ………. Tthe ………..est more ……….thanthe most popular the prettiest lady more beautiful than

as ……… as ………..er thanas strong as bigger than

ExampleAdjective Comparative Superlative

good better than the bestbusy busier than the busiestbig bigger than the biggest

ADVERB (TELL US MORE ABOUT VERBS)Adverb of manner (To describe an action)

softly quickly angrily correctly loudly carefullyperlahan cepat marah betul kuat cermat

Adverb of place (To describe when an action happens)here there nowhere everywhere up downdisini disana tak kemana semua tempat atas bawah

Adverb of time (To show where an action is done)now soon after since seldom already

sekarang tak lama lagi selepas semenjak jarang sudah

SINGULAR AND PLURAL NOUNSAdding –s to Singular Nouns

SINGULAR PLURAL MEANINGpea peas kacang peaseal seals anjing laut

heart hearts hatidragon dragons naga

Add -es to Singular Nouns end (ss/sh/ch/x)

SINGULAR PLURAL MEANINGglass glasses gelasfish fishes ikan

leech leeches lintahbox boxes kotak

Add –es to Singular Nouns end with -oSINGULAR PLURAL MEANING

potato potatoes ubi kentangmango mangoes mangga

Add –s to Singular Nouns end with –fSINGULAR PLURAL MEANING

roof roofs bumbungchief chiefs ketua puakpuff puffs

Change –f or –fe to –vesSINGULAR PLURAL MEANING

calf calves anak lembuknife knives pisau

Change to –ies for nouns ending in –ySINGULAR PLURAL MEANING

lady ladies wanitalorry lorries lori

Add –s to nouns ending in vowel + ySINGULAR PLURAL MEANING

key keys kuncitray trays talam

Change the inside vowels of SingularSINGULAR PLURAL MEANING

postman postmen posmenmouse mice tikusgoose geese angsa

Add –en to Singular NounsSINGULAR PLURAL MEANING

child children kanak-kanakox oxen sapi

Some nouns do not changeSINGULAR PLURAL MEANING

deer deer rusasheep sheep biri-biri

Some nouns are always in pluralSINGULAR PLURAL MEANING

furniture furniture perabotclothing clothing pakaian

Some nouns are used only in pluralspectacles cermin matameasles campak

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pants seluarscissors gunting

CHANGING PRESENT TENSE TO PAST TENSEBy adding ‘ed’ to the verb

PRESENT TENSE PAST TENSE MEANINGadd added tambahadjust adjusted perbetulallow allowed benarkanappear appeared munculask asked tanyaattack attacked serangbark barked salakcall called panggilcamp camped berkhemahchill chilled sejukclean cleaned bersihclimb climbed panjatcollect collected kutipcolour coloured mewarnacomb combed sikatconstruct constructed membinacontain contained mengandungicook cooked memasakcover covered tutupcrash crashed terhempascrawl crawled merangkakcrush crushed dilenyekdiscover discovered menemuidiscuss discussed berbincangdisplay displayed pamerdisturb disturbed gangguend ended tamatenjoy enjoyed gembiraenter entered masukexist existed ujudexplain explained jelaskanfaint fainted pengsanfetch fetched mengambilfinish finished habisfix fixed pasangform formed membentukgather gathered kumpulgreet greeted menyapa

hand handed menyerahkanhappen happened berlakuhelp helped tolonginvent invented menciptajoin joined sertaijump jumped lompatknock knocked ketuklaugh laughed ketawalearn learned belajarlook looked lihatmatch matched pasangmention mentioned sebutmiss missed tertinggalneed needed perlunail nailed mengetukorder ordered mengarahpaint painted mengecatpass passed lulusplay played bermainpossess possessed dirasukpray prayed sembahyangpretend pretended berpura-puraprint printed mencetakprotect protected melindungiquarrel quarreled bertengkarrain rained hujanreach reached tibarecord recorded merakamremember remembered teringatreturn returned pulangroll rolled bergoleksail sailed belayarscratch scratched calarsearch searched mencarisew sewed menjahitsharpen sharpened menajamshout shouted menjeritshow showed tunjuksmell smelled menghidusoak soaked rendamstart started mulastay stayed tinggalsubject subjected tertakluktalk talked bercakapturn turned puing

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wait waited tungguwalk walked berjalanwant wanted hendakwash washed basuhwatch watched memerhatiwater watered menyiramwhisper whispered berbisikwork worked kerja

By adding ‘d’ to the verbacquire acquired memerlukanagree agreed setujuapprove approved lulusarrange arranged aturarrive arrived tibabake baked memasakbathe bathed mandibehave behaved kelakuanbelieve believed percayacare cared jagacarve carved ukircause caused sebabcelebrate celebrated meraikanchange changed tukarclose closed tutupcompare compared bandingkancomplete completed lengkapcontinue continued berterusancycle cycled mengayuhdate dated bertarikhdecide decided bercadangdescribe described menggambarkandivide divided mengagihdonate donated dermaexchange exchanged bertukarhate hated membencihope hoped berharapintroduce introduced memperkenalinvite invited menjemputjudge judged dihakimilike liked sukaline lined garisanlive lived tinggallove loved sukameasure measured mengukurmove moved bergerak

name named menamakanobserve observed memerhatiorganize organized menganjurpaste pasted melekatplace placed meletakkanprepare prepared menyediakanpreserve preserved menjagaprove proved buktiprovide provided menyediakanrealize realized sedarrecognize recognized mengecamreduce reduced berkurangremove removed mengalihrevise revised semaksave saved selamatscore scored skor

By changing ‘y’ to ‘ied’carry carried bawacopy copied menirucry cried menangisdeny denied menafikandry dried keringfry fried gorengidentify identified mengenalimarry married kahwinstudy studied belajartry tried cubaworry worried risaubury buried tanam

By doubling the final letter of the wordbar barred menghalangclap clapped tepukclip clipped melekatdrop dropped jatuhkanflip flipped selakrob robbed rompakscan scanned imbasshop shopped membeli-belahslap slapped tamparslip slipped gelincircan canned mengetinsnip snipped mengguntingspot spotted mengesanstop stopped berhentisnap snapped putus

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strip stripped melucuttap tapped mengetuktop topped menambahtrip tripped tersadungtrap trapped terperangkapwrap wrapped balutzip zipped zipkan

Some verb remains the samecast cast campakcost cost hargacut cut potonghit hit langgarlet let beriput put letakset set sediashed shed membuangshut shut tutupread read baca

By changing one or more lettersIrregular Verbs

are were ialah/sedangawake awoke bangunbear bore bosanbecome became menjadibegin began mulabend bent bengkokbite bit gigitblow blew tiupbreak broke pecahbring brought bawabuild built binaburn burnt bakarbuy bought belican could bolehcatch caught tangkapchoose chose pilihcreep crept merayapdeal dealt berurusandig dug galido did buatdream dreamt mimpidrink drank minumdrive drove memandueat ate makanfall fell jatuh

feed fed beri makanfeel felt rasafight fought lawanfind found jumpaflee fled larifly flew terbangforget forgot lupaget got dapatgive gave bagigo went pergigrow grew tumbuhhang hung gantunghave had adahear heard dengarhide hid sembunyihold held pegangis/am was ialah/sedangkeep kept simpanknow knew tahulay laid letaklearn learnt belajarleave left keluarlend lent bagilie lay baringlose lost hilangmake made buatmay might bolehmeet met jumpapay paid bayarride rode menunggangring rang berderingrise rose naikrun ran larisay said katasee saw lihatsell sold jualsend sent hantarshake shook goncangshine shone bersinarshoot shot tembaksing sang nyanyisink sank tenggelamsit sat duduksleep slept tidursmell smelt bau

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speak spoke cakapspell spelt ejaspend spent belanjastand stood berdiristeal stole curistick stuck lekatswim swam renangtake took ambilteach taught ajartear tore koyaktell told beritahuthink thought fikirthrow threw lemparunderstand understood fahamwin won menangwear wore pakai

COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVESPositive Comparative Superlative

busy busier than the busiestbeautiful more beautiful the most beautifulbad worse than the worstcheap cheaper than the cheapestclean cleaner than the cleanestclear clearer than the clearestclever cleverer than the cleverestcold colder than the coldestcool cooler than the coolestcareful more careful the most carefulcomfortable more comfortable the most comfortabledark darker than the darkestdear dearer than the dearestdeep deeper than the deepestdirty dirtier than the dirtiestdry drier than the driestdangerous more dangerous the most dangerouseasy easier than the easiestexpensive more expensive the most expensivefair fairer than the fairestfar farther than the farthestfast faster than the fastestfat fatter than the fattestfine finer than the finestfunny funnier than the funniestfoolish more foolish the most foolishforgetful more forgetful the most forgetful

great greater than the greatestgreen greener than the greenestgood better than the besthappy happier than the happiesthard harder than the hardestheavy heavier than the heaviesthealthy healthier than the healthiesthot hotter than the hottesthigh higher than the highesthungry hungrier than the hungriesthandsome more handsome the most handsomehelpful more helpful the most helpfulhonest more honest the most honestimportant more important the most importantkind kinder than the kindestlarge larger than the largestlate later than the latestlazy lazier than the laziestlight lighter than the lightestlow lower than the lowestlong longer than the longestlucky luckier than the luckiestlittle less than the leastmad madder than the maddestmerry merrier than the merriestmuch more than the mostnarrow narrower than the narrowestnaughty naughtier than the naughtiestnear nearer than the nearestnew newer than the newestnice nicer than the nicestnoisy noisier than the noisiestold older than the oldestpale paler than the palestPoor poorer than the poorestpretty prettier than the prettiestproud prouder than the proudestpainful more painful the most painfulpeaceful more peaceful the most peacefulpleasant more pleasant the most pleasantpolite more polite the most politequick quicker than the quickestrich richer than the richestred redder than the reddestripe riper than the ripestsad sadder than the saddestSafe safer than the safestshallow shallower than the shallowest

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sharp sharper than the sharpestshort shorter than the shortestsimple simpler than the simplestslow slower than the slowestsoon sooner than the soonestsmall smaller than the smallestsmooth smoother than the smootheststrong stronger than the strongesttall taller than the tallestsweet sweeter than the sweetestthick thicker than the thickestthin thinner than the thinnesttiny tinier than the tiniesttrue truer than the truestugly uglier than the ugliestuseful more useful the most usefulwarm warmer than the warmestwealthy wealthier than the wealthiestwet wetter than the wettestwhite whiter than the whitestwide wider than the widestwild wilder than the wildestwise wiser than the wisestyoung younger than the youngest

ADVERBS (TELL US MORE ABOUT VERBS)

VERB ADVERBSact quickly wiselybertindak dengan cepat dengan bijakanswer correctly clearlyjawab dengan betul dengan terangask nicely humbly politelytanya dengan elok dengan sopan dengan sopanaccept readily gratefullyterima dengan hati terbuka dengan rasa syukurbark fiercely loudly joyfullysalak dengan garang dengan kuat dengan gembirableed badly profuselyberdarah dengan teruk dengan banyakblow gently stronglytiup dengan perlahan dengan kuatbow humbly respectfullytunduk dengan sopan dengan penuh hormat

clap loudly joyfully excitedlytepuk dengan kuat dengan seronok dengan teruja

cry sadly bitterly loudlytangis dengan sedih dengan sayu dengan kuatdance gracefully beautifullymenari dengan lancar dengan cantikdrive carefully recklessly slowlypandu dengan cermat dengan cuai dengan perlahan

eat greedily hungrilymakan dengan gelojoh dengan laparexplain clearly brieflyterang dengan jelas dengan ringkasfight bravely furiouslylawan dengan berani dengan marahgive generously kindly willinglybagi dengan murah hati dengan baik hati dengan rela hatigreet politely cheerfullysapa dengan sopan dengan cerialaugh heartily happily loudlyketawa dengan sepenuh hati dengan gembira dengan kuatlisten attentively carefullydengar dengan penuh minat dengan cermatlook carefully shyly lovinglylihat dengan cermat dengan malu dgn kasih sayang

COLLECTIVE NOUNS (PENJODOH BILANGAN)

A cup of tea Secawan tehA glass of water Segelas airA pail of water Sebaldi airA box of pencils Sekotak pensilA piece of cloth Sehelai kainA piece of cake Sepotong kekA pair of shoes Sepasang kasutA pair of trousers Sepasang seluarA pair of scissors Sepasang guntingA pair of shorts Sepasang guntingA pair of earrings Sepasang anting-antingA pair of socks Sepasang setokinA bottle of oil Sebotol minyakA bottle of medicine Sebotol ubatA spoonful of sugar Sesudu gulaA tin of sardines Setin sardineA tin of cocoa Setin kokoA bar of soap Sebuku sabunA bar of chocolate Sebuku coklatA tin of biscuits Setin biskutA bag of flour Seguni tepung

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A bag of sugar Seguni gulaA sack of rice Seguni berasA bunch of grapes Segugus anggurA bunch of crooks Sekumpulan penjahatA comb of bananas Sesikat pisangA loaf of bread Sebuku rotiA slice of bread Sekeping rotiA packet of sweets Sepaket gula-gulaA choir of singers Sekumpulan penyanyiA swarm of bees Sekumpulan lebahA herd of cows Sekumpulan lembuA herd of buffaloes Sekumpulan kerbauA herd of cattle Sekumpulan lembu ternakanA herd of elephants Sekumpulan gajahA herd of goats Sekumpulan kambingA shoal of fish Sekumpulan ikanA school of whales Sekumpulan pausA library of books Sebilangan bukuA bouquet of flowers Sejambak bungaA team of players Sepasukan pemainA team of horses Sekumpulan kudaA team of oxen Sekumpulan sapiA forest of trees Sehutan pokokA fleet of ships Seangkatan armadaA flight of steps Sebilangan anak tanggaA flight of doves Sekumpulan burung merpatiA clutch of egg Segugus telurA crate of fruits Sekotak buahA troupe of artists Sekumpulan artisA troupe of dancers Sekumpulan penariA gang of thieves Sekumpulan pencuriA gang of labourers Sekumpulan buruhA gang of prisoners Sekumpulan banduanAn army of soldiers Sepasukan askarA band of musicians Sekumpulan ahli muzikA gang of robbers Sekumpulan penyamunA suit of clothes Sepersalinan pakaianA flock of birds Sekumpulan burungA flock of sheep Sekumpulan biri-biriA crew of sailors Sekumpulan kelasiA bevy of ladies Sekumpulan wanitaA bevy of beauties Sekumpulan wanita cantikA fleet of cars Sebilangan keretaA brood of chickens Sekumpulan anak ayamA litter of puppies Sekumpulan anak anjingA litter of cubs Sekumpulan anak rimauA board of directors Satu lembaga pengarahA class of scholars Sekumpulan cendikiawan

A cloud of flies Sekumpulan lalatA cloud of insects Sekumpulan seranggaA company of actors Sekumpulan pelakunA company of soldiers Sekumpulan askarA crowd of people Sekumpulan orangA drove of cattle Sekumpulan lembu ternakanA drove of horses Sekumpulan kudaA dynasty of kings Sedinasti raja-rajaA gaggle of geese Sekumpulan angsaA hive of bees Sekumpulan lebahA host of angles Sekumpulan malaikatA nest of ants Satu sarang semutA nest of mice Satu sarang tikusA nest of rabbits Satu sarang arnabA pack of hounds Sekumpulan anjing pengesanA pack of rascals Sekumpulan penyangakA pack of thieves Sekumpulan pencuriA pack of wolves Sekumpulan serigalaA plague of insects Sewabak seranggaA plague of locuts Sewabak belalang jutaA pride of lions Sekumpulan singaA regiment of soldiers Serejimen askarA staff of servants Sekumpulan orang gajiA staff of teachers Sekumpulan guruA stud of horses Sekumpulan kudaA troop of lions Sekumpulan singaA troop of monkeys Sekumpulan monyetA troop of scouts Sekumpulan pengakapA troop of soldiers Sekumpulan askarA troupe of performers Sekumpulan penghiburAn album of autographs Sealbum tanda tanganAn album of photographs Sealbum gambarAn album of stamps Sealbum setemAn anthology of plays Satu antologi dramaAn anthology of poems Satu antologi sajak/puisiAn anthology of songs Satu antologi laguAn anthology of stories Satu antologi ceritaA bale of cotton Sebungkusan kapasA bale of wool Sebungkusan benang buluA basket of fruits Seraga buahA batch of biscuits Sejumlah biskutA batch of bread Sejumlah rotiA bunch of flowers Seikat bungaA bunch of grapes Seikat anggurA bundle of hay Seikat rumput keringA bundle of rags Seikat kain burukA bundle of sticks Seikat kayuA chest of drawers Sekotak laci

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A cloud of dust Sekumpulan habukA clump of bushes Serumpun semakA clump of trees Serumpun pohonA cluster of coconuts Segugus kelapaA cluster of diamonds Segugus berlianA cluster of grapes Segugus anggurA cluster of stars Segugus bintangA range of mountains Sebarisan gunungA set of china Satu set tembikarA set of tools Satu set alatanA stack of hay Setimbun rumput keringA stack of timber Setimbun balakA stack of wood Setimbun kayuA suite of rooms Serangkaian bilikA suite of furniture Serangkaian perabutA wad of notes Susunan wang kertasA collection of coins Satu koleksi duit syilingA collection of relics Satu koleksi barang warisanA collection of stamps Satu koleksi setemA column of smoke Sekumpulan asapA comb of bananas Sesikat pisangA constellation of stars Segugusan bintangA flight of aeroplanes Sekumpulan kapal terbangA galaxy of stars Satu galaksi bintangA garland of flowers Sekalung bungaA group of islands Sekumpulan pulauA grove of trees Sekebun pokokA hail of blows Dihujani tumbukanA hail of bullets Dihujani peluruA hail of fire Dihujani apiA harvest of corn Satu tuaian jagungA harvest of fire Semarak apiA heap of rubbish Satu timbunan sampahA heap of ruins Satu timbunan runtuhanA heap of stones Satu timbunan batuA hedge of bushes Sepagar pokok renekA pack of cards Satu pek kadA pack of lies Satu pembohonganA rope of pearls Sekalung mutiaraA sheaf of grains Seikat bijirinA string of beads Sekalung manikA string of pearls Sekalung mutiaraA turf of grass Selapisan rumputA turf of hair Selapisan rambutA turf of feathers Selapisan bulu

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