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Early LifeAmerican psychologist
Allport was born in Montexuma, Indiana, the youngest of four sons of John Edwards
and Nellie Edith (Wise) Allport.He and his brothers grew up surrounded
by their father's patients, nurses, and medical equipment, and he and his
brothers often assisted their father in the clinicBiographers describe Allport as a shy and
studious boy who lived a fairly isolated childhood. As a teenager, Allport
developed and ran his own printing business while serving as editor of his
high school newspaper. He attended Harvard University, where one of his older brothers, Flloyd Henry Allport,
was working on his Ph.D. in Psychology
While at Harvard, Allport exhibited his social interests by volunteering in various
capacities, including as a probation officer, assisting foreign students, helping
war veterans, and participating in a Boston boy’s club.Professional life
Allport began his instruction in psychology at Harvard. He taught “Personality: It’s
Psychological and Social Aspects,” which was a study derived from the research he had previously conducted with his brother.
In 1955, his fifth publication was released, Becoming: Basic Considerations for Psychology of Personality.
A Trip to ViennaAllport told the story in his
autobiographical essay in Pattern and Growth in PersonalityAfter his graduation from college, he
spent some time in Europe and had the opportunity to meet Sigmund Freud while
in Vienna.He told Freud of a boy he met on the train. The boy appeared afraid of dirt,
even when his mother tried to reassure him.
Allport suggested that perhaps the boy had learned this dirt phobia from his
mother, a very neat and apparently rather domineering type.
"And was that little boy
you?“-freudAllport felt that Freud’s response
was highly dismissive of his current feelings and motivations.
He also believed that the tendency
of psychodynamic psychology to examine
people’s unconscious motives and their past could lead to overlooking present issues.
Personality Trait TheoryAlthough Allport is noted as being influential in
many areas of psychology, he is particularly well known for his trait theory.
Allport determined that every human being possesses hundreds of traits that exist on one of three levels:
CARDINAL TRAITCENTRAL TRAIT
SECONDARY TRAIT
Cardinal traitThis characteristic is a person’s dominant trait
and serves to mold a person’s identity, emotions and behaviors.These are the ruling passions/obsessions, such as a need for
money, fame etc.Cardinal traits are powerful, but few people have personalities dominated by a single trait. Instead, our personalities are typically
composed of multiple traits.
Central traitThese are general characteristics found in varying degrees in
every person (such as loyalty, kindness, agreeableness, friendliness, sneakiness, wildness, or grouchiness).
These are the basic building blocks that shape most of our behavior although they are not as overwhelming as cardinal
traits.
Secondary traitnot quite as obvious or consistent as central traits. They are plentiful but are only present under specific
circumstances; they include things like preferences and attitudes.These secondary traits explain why a person may at times exhibit behaviors that seem incongruent with their usual
behaviors.For example, a friendly person gets angry when people try to tickle him; another is not an anxious person but always feels nervous
speaking publicly.
Genotypes & Phenotypes
Allport hypothesized the idea of internal and external forces that influence an individual’s behavior. He called these forces Genotypes and
Phenotypes.
are internal forces that relate to how a person retains information and
uses it to interact with the external world.
are external forces, these relate to the way
an individual accepts his surroundings and how others influence their
behavior.
Prepared by: Keith Hans Dreyco CarasigIvee Marielle Laquindanum
Lara Mei SantiagoMary Ranileth Cabrera
Nicole John TanJamaica Gatdula
Nicole DespiJaqueline Anne De Luna
Qian Xi Orillaneda