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This Presentation was originally given on February 2009, by JP Kenny. This company, today, is known as Wood Group Kenny. said presentation was given at the Underwater Intervention conference, and it excels in explaining what exactly is in the works, in terms of subsea technology, and where said technology is headed.
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A Global Perspective on the Future of Subsea Technology – SUT Subsea Technical
Conference
February 2009
Agenda
• Future Demand• What Environment Are We Working In• Current Status Of Subsea Developments• Subsea Systems Update• Engineering Developments• Message To The Industry
Energy Resource Update
• The IEA warn that reserves will need to be exploited faster than at present if an energy ‘Crunch’ is to be avoided in the future
• $1 Trillion needs to be invested annually up to 2030• Even if demand remains flat until 2030, an additional 45 mbl/day
needed to offset the effect of oilfield decline
Current Environment
• Enhanced Environment and Safety Performance• Large Demand in SE Asia for Oil & Gas• Driven to Deeper Waters – 1000m+• Hostile Environments• Innovative Engineering Solutions• Gradual Elimination of Surface Facilities• Enhanced Recovery• Remote Field Management• Total Acceptance of Subsea Solutions
Current Status of Subsea Developments
• Deepwater to 2500m +• 15K systems in operation• One major Operator has gone from <10 subsea projects in the
90’s to a projected 50 in 2013• Tie back distances already exceed 100 km• Subsea Processing
– Multiphase Pumping now accepted technology– Compression by 2010 – Ormen Lange + others proposed– Separation/Boosting/WI – Tordis 2007– RWI – Tryihans, Columba, Albacora
• Risers –SCR’s, Flexibles, Towers• Subsea Wells – Worldwide
– Operational - >3400– Under development - >600
SUBSEA PROCESSING SYSTEMS
Why Do We Need Subsea Processing?
• Oil & gas fields being discovered in deeper, more remote places
• Fields further away from host facilities or shore
• Increased recovery factors
• Improved flowrates
• Improved flow assurance
• Potential cost savings over use of conventional technology, eg second pipeline
• Improved project economics
Res
. Pre
s. G
rad
ien
t
Subsea WellsDry Wells
Tieback Distance6 - 8 km 10 - 100 km
Lift, Boost and Separation Options
Flow AssuranceWax HydratesScale
SUBSEA DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGE
Water D
epth
• Access to difficult reserves• Accelerated production• Improved flow assurance• Reduced capex and opex • Improved reservoir recovery • Shorter time to first oil
TECHNOLOGY DRIVERS ……
• Maturity / Limits of technology ?• Demonstration of reliability ?• Sufficient priority and focus ?• Business risk ?• Mental barriers – perceptions ?• Long field life
………AND CHALLENGES TO BE RESOLVED
TIME
CA
PA
BIL
ITY
/ C
OM
PL
EX
ITY
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
Multiphase& InjectionPumping
Water Removal & Debottlenecking
Full SubseaProcessing
Key features of evolution• Stepwise in capability and complexity• Small steps to manage risk• Modular system approach
SUBSEA PROCESSING EVOLUTION
Subsea Gas Compression
3 Phase Separation
Subsea Water Removal Boosting & Injection
System Development
• Multiphase Pump• Injection Pump• Gas Compressor• Integrated Prod. Umbilical• Separators – Compact / Downhole• Power Distribution & Power Connector Technology• All Electric Products
• Multiphase Pumping System• Raw Water Injection System• Subsea Separation System• Subsea Cooling or Heating System• All Electric Systems
FOCUS AREAS
Equipment Development
2000 2005 2010 2012
SUBSEA PROCESSING EQUIPMENT
MULTI PHASE PUMP
Application:• Well stream energy enhancement Advantages:• Drawdown of wellhead pressure• Increased production rates• Increase reservoir recovery• Increased tie-back distance• Separated liquids evacuationStatus:• Helico-axial pumps in operation subsea• Twinscrew pumps qualified – pilot subsea application 2005
SUBSEA PROCESSING EQUIPMENT
INJECTION PUMP
Application• Water injection pressure boostingAdvantages• Increased injection rates• Increased tie-back distance• Ability to inject produced water or sea water
subseaStatus• Pump designs well proven topside• Critical parts qualified in MPP programme• Detail design of production version complete
SUBSEA PROCESSING EQUIPMENT
SUBSEA GAS COMPRESSOR
Application:• Subsea gas compressionAdvantages:• Drawdown of wellhead pressure• Increased production rates• Increase reservoir recovery• Increased tie-back distance• Separated gas evacuation• High tolerance for liquid dropletsStatus:• In development by various specialist
companies
SUBSEA PROCESSING EQUIPMENT
COMPACT SEPARATION TECHNOLOGY
Application:• Compact gas, oil and water 2 or 3 phase
separationAdvantages:• Small size and weightStatus:• Separation performance qualified
topside• Gas/Liquid 2 phase unit in operation
offshore• Concept design for subsea unit
complete
SUBSEA PROCESSING EQUIPMENT
COMPACT ELECTROSTATIC COALESCER
Application:• Removal of water from oil after separation Advantages:• Small size and weight• Oil polishing to 0.5% water in oilStatus:• Topside pilot unit on Petrojarl FPSO • Design for subsea unit complete• Subsea equipment components
qualified• Next step subsea pilot testing
HSP
PowerFluid
X-over
Injection Zone
Oil tosurface
Production Zone
H-Sep
Application:• Remove water from well stream
and re-inject into reservoirAdvantages:• Improvement on production rate• Improves reservoir recovery• Produces export-quality oil• Good quality injection water Status:• Land base testing complete• Offshore pilot testing next step
DOWNHOLE SEPARATION
SUBSEA PROCESSING EQUIPMENT
SUBSEA PROCESSING EQUIPMENT
INTEGRATED PRODUCTION UMBILICAL Application:• Integrated flowline, control umbilical and
power cableAdvantages:• Simplified subsea architecture• Cheaper faster installation• Can be used as production flowline or
service line• Trace heating and monitoring possibleStatus:• 8 and 10 inch prototype test completed• Next step 10 inch IPU system testDisadvantages – installation vessel size /
jointing of superduplex offshore
SUBSEA PROCESSING SYSTEMS
Subsea Power DistributionElectric - Ability to handle the power requirements of a subsea processing system, particularly subsea pumpsMore efficient than hydraulic, particularly over longer distances due to hydraulic losses. However AC systems become inefficient on long step outs and may drive to DC systems or subsea power generation technology.
Hydraulic - Able to utilise existing water injection systemSimpler systemMay compromise water injection systemLimited distances
System Development
• Multiphase Pump• Injection Pump• Gas Compressor• Integrated Prod. Umbilical• Compact Separator• Downhole Separator• Power Distribution System
• Multiphase Pumping System• Raw Water Injection System• Subsea Separation System• Subsea Cooling or Heating System
FOCUS AREAS - SYSTEMS
Equipment Development
2000 2005 2010
FOCUS AREAS - SYSTEMS
System Development
• Multiphase Pump• Injection Pump• Gas Compressor• Integrated Prod. Umbilical• Compact Separator• Compact Coalescer• Downhole Separator
• Multiphase Pumping System• Raw Water Injection System• Subsea Separation System
Equipment Development
2000 2005 2010MULTI PHASE PUMPING SYSTEM
• IPU functionality• Production pipe• Power supply and
umbilical functions• Heating for hydrate
mitigation for production and shut-down
• IPU functionality• Production pipe• Power supply and
umbilical functions• Heating for hydrate
mitigation for production and shut-down
• Pump functionality• Well stream pressure boosting• Optimization of gas lift in artificially lifted wells
• Pump functionality• Well stream pressure boosting• Optimization of gas lift in artificially lifted wells
Subsea Production Trees
Subsea Production Trees
SUBSEA PROCESSING SYSTEM
System Development
• Multiphase Pump• Injection Pump• Gas Compressor• Integrated Prod. Umbilical• Compact Separator• Compact Coalescer• Downhole Separator
• Multiphase Pumping System• Raw Water Injection System• Subsea Separation System
Equipment Development
2000 2005 2010RAW SEAWATER INJECTION SYSTEM
• Injection Pump and Filter System functionality• Filtering raw water to injection quality• Water injection for pressure maintenance
• Injection Pump and Filter System functionality• Filtering raw water to injection quality• Water injection for pressure maintenance
Water Injection Tree Water Injection Tree
Power, Control & Chemical Injection Umbilical
Power, Control & Chemical Injection Umbilical
SUBSEA PROCESSING SYSTEM
SUBSEA SEPARATION SYSTEM
• Separation System functionality
• 2 or 3 phase separation of wellstream
• Increase production• Increase reservoir
recovery• Improve flow assurance• Debottleneck flowlines,
riser and topside systems.• Re-inject produced water
• Separation System functionality
• 2 or 3 phase separation of wellstream
• Increase production• Increase reservoir
recovery• Improve flow assurance• Debottleneck flowlines,
riser and topside systems.• Re-inject produced water
Gas Compressor Gas Compressor
SeparatorSeparator
Water Injection Trees
Water Injection Trees
Oil and Gas Export Lines
Oil and Gas Export Lines
Power and Control Umbilicals
Power and Control Umbilicals
Subsea Production Trees
Subsea Production Trees
Booster Pump Booster Pump
SUBSEA PROCESSING SYSTEMS
Subsea Cooling and Heating
Can provide an effective mitigation against hydrates and wax by increasing cooldown time
Can provide a solution to upheaval buckling concernsAble to utilise certain flowline materials, e.g. flexible lines and certain insulation coatings, which have a lower design temperature threshold
Geological Surveys
• 3D Software Fledermaus
• Pipeline Routing
• Integrate with ABAQUS
• Significant Financial Savings
Lateral Buckling on 3D Seabed
MESSAGE
• The subsea industry has met its challenges over the years with some catastrophes but many successes
• Considerable R&D spend on subsea technology• Greater emphasis on testing before full field implementation• Reliability Standards being set – Structured Approach• Incorporation of lessons learnt• Improve Quality Management to ensure second and third tier suppliers
testing / documentation traceability is visible• Standardisation is key to cost containment and reliability• Programme approach bring major benefits in schedule & cost• December 2007 – the worlds first seabed separation facility installed on
Tordis
Subsea Systems Will Facilitate Australia’s Development Of Its Oil& Gas Reserves
Remember – this is not rocket science –
It’s much harder than that!
MESSAGE
