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Representation, identity and culture in global cities
Global Cities - November 23, 2009Adrina Ambrosii, Hani El Masry, Kerry Girvan, Chiara Camponeschi
Wednesday, November 18, 2009
Presentation OutlineContext: Intro
Transnational Networks & Production
Multiculturalism & Belonging
Consuming Global Cultures
Leads: Adrina & Hani
Culture flowsCultural consciousness
Perspectives Social & spatial polarization
Postcolonialism
DISCUSSION: Debate ?
Ulf HannerzSteven Flusty
Anthony D. KingNihal Perera
Leonie SandercockUte Lehrer
Stefan Krätke
Lead: Kerry
CosmopolisGlobal identity
Post-modernismGlobal culture
Lead: Chiara
Media production centersTechnology, internet
Creative CitySubcultures
Wednesday, November 18, 2009
Wednesday, November 18, 2009
Introduction
“Culture is one of the two or three most complicated words in the English language.” ~ Raymond Williams, 1976
-material production-symbolic systems-sociological differences
Wednesday, November 18, 2009
ˈkəl ch ər: the arts and other manifestations of human intellectual achievement regarded collectively
Civilization
Nationalism
Ethnicity
Gender
Beauty
Art
Music
Identity
Language
Religion
Politics
Literature
Theatre
History
Heritage
Traditions
Wednesday, November 18, 2009
Who are we anyway?
“Identity choices are made by individuals as they respond to social, economic and political influences around them” (Taiaiake and Corntassel, 2005).
Is it possible to choose our own identity?
Wednesday, November 18, 2009
Types of Culture
pop culture
high culture
free culture
tree culture
urban culture
rural culture
Wednesday, November 18, 2009
Authors: clip/video to music
Leonie Sandercock
Ulf Hannerz (Swedish, Sociologist)
Anthony D. King
Stefan Krätke
Ute Lehrer
Nihal Perera
Steven Flusty (American, Geographer)
Wednesday, November 18, 2009
Ulf HannerzWhite male, SwedishProfessor of Sociology, Stockholm University, SwedenSociologist
Research: - urban societies- local media cultures- transnational cultural processes- globalization
Most known for: - His works Soulslide and Exploring the City are classic books in the area of urban anthropology.- In 2000, Hannerz delivered the Lewis Henry Morgan Lecture at the University of Rochester, considered by many to be the most important annual lecture series in the field of Anthropology.
Steven Flusty
White male, AmericanProfessor of Geography, University of TorontoGeographer
Research: Global formation
9
Wednesday, November 18, 2009
Back In Time, video
http://www.torontourbanfilmfestival.com/films/back-time
Wednesday, November 18, 2009
Art Gallery of Metropolitan Moments - 3 exhibitsThe global city is “a fluidly demarcated global urban field upon which we all wrestle with the very definitions of alien and native, foreign and domestic, cosmopolitanism and locality.” ~ Steven Flusty
Wednesday, November 18, 2009
Exhibit IVivaldi’s violin VS. MacIsaac’s fiddle ~ 16th century-timeless
Wednesday, November 18, 2009
Transnational Networks & Production
Flows of CultureCultural Consciousness (internal diversity, identity)
Commodity clusters (materiality)Globalization
PerspectivesCultural Interactions
Cultural ConvergencesPolarization (economic, social, spatial)
Wednesday, November 18, 2009
Flows of Culture ~ Ulf Hannerz
1) Corporate elites (managerial and entrepreneurial class)
2) Third world migrant populations
3) Cultural producers/consumers
4) Tourists - turnover
“Market”: culture flow as buyer and seller
“Form-of-life”: free reciprocal cultural exchanges
Wednesday, November 18, 2009
“What they have in common is the fact they are in one way or other transnational; the people involved are physica%y present in the world cities for some larger or sma%er
parts of their lives, but they also have strong ties to some other place in the world...Without these people, in one conste%ation or other, however, these cities would
hardly have their global character” (Hannerz, p. 314).
Wednesday, November 18, 2009
“We carry our worlds with us, refit them to the cities in which we find ourselves, and transmute the city as best we can to accommodate our worlds” (Flusty, p. 351).
Icons, idols and representations
World city systems/citydom = metapolis
Cultural Consciousness ~ Steven Flusty
Wednesday, November 18, 2009
Wednesday, November 18, 2009
“Commerce bedecked itself irrevocably in Culture, and to this day the contemporary world city is without a soul in the absence of the art museum and the concert hall - without the cultural capital, the intellectual capital at the helm of fiduciary capital will not come” (Flusty, p. 348)
Wednesday, November 18, 2009
Internal Diversity
InhibitionsRestraints
Social stigmaSocial Pressure
ConformityFreedom of choice?
IndividualCo%ective
Wednesday, November 18, 2009
Politics of difference (hybrid identities)
Subcultures
Wednesday, November 18, 2009
Commodity Clustershttp://losangeles.cacophony.org/consume.htm
Wednesday, November 18, 2009
The cultural market-place (Hannerz, p. 316)
Presence of expressive specialists (intellectual/aesthetic stimulation)
“local potentialities of world city interrelations” (ie. where it all happens).
3 phases in the “career of cultural commodities”:
Meanings and meaningful form in subcultural communities
Communities at large
Wider market for more agreeable consumption
Wednesday, November 18, 2009
Wednesday, November 18, 2009
Materiality wood vs. metal
nature vs. technology
Cyborg cities
Wednesday, November 18, 2009
Globalization
Wednesday, November 18, 2009
Subcultural, transnational communities
Centre-periphery relationships (Hannerz, p. 318)
“The world cities are no doubt still frequently the points of origin of global cultural flow, but they also function as points of global cultural brokerage” (Hannerz, p.318)
Wednesday, November 18, 2009
“The metapolis, then, is not simply a world city system but system of world city systems, and at these systems’ proliferating intersections divergent cities manifest within one another across wide distances” (Flusty, p. 350).
Metapolis rising
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Perspectives
Wednesday, November 18, 2009
Reactions to diversity (Hannerz, p.315)
centre vs. periphery
Refunctionalizing (Hannerz, p.315)
tourists “typifying” everything
Inseparability of sense from place (Hannerz, p.316)
spectacle is part of local setting
Wednesday, November 18, 2009
Wednesday, November 18, 2009
Wednesday, November 18, 2009
"I Will Not Lose" ~ a Haitian Identity poem by Wilkine Brutus
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o6p5npKLIfY&feature=player_embedded
Wednesday, November 18, 2009
Cultural Interactions
Wednesday, November 18, 2009
Cultural Convergences
Wednesday, November 18, 2009
Xenophobia = Fear of the “other”
Xenophilia = an affection for unknown/foreign objects or human beings
Wednesday, November 18, 2009
“Foundations of resistance (for being Indigenous) include: strong families, grounding in community, connection to land, language, storyte%ing and spirituality” (Taiaiake
and Corntassel, 2005).
Wednesday, November 18, 2009
Polarization
Economic
Social
Spatial
Wednesday, November 18, 2009
Economic Injustice
Wednesday, November 18, 2009
Social Polarization
StereotypesClass structures
Segregation within the cityMobility between cities
Wednesday, November 18, 2009
Spatial PolarizationScalar injustices
Access
Wednesday, November 18, 2009
Scalar injusticesAccess
“Suburbia is where the developer bu%dozes out the trees then names the streets a'er them.”
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Wednesday, November 18, 2009
Wednesday, November 18, 2009
Wednesday, November 18, 2009
Wednesday, November 18, 2009
HighlightsHannerz:
inhabitants of urban spaces are active co-producers and participant observers in the process of cultural production
culture is not fixed within dominant societal institutions
socio-cultural formations in world-cities do not represent linear outcomes of abstract socioeconomic forces and hierarchical power relationships.
Flusty:
icons, idols and representations of cultural consciousness
Xenophilia, appreciation for the unfamiliar
Wednesday, November 18, 2009
“Which sha% it [the world city] be? A place where difference divides, privilege is conserved, and the devil take the hindmost? Or a
place where the otherness engages, disparity is dismantled, and the
production of a metapolitan culture becomes a common,
conscious project? We culture the world city, so the
choice is ours” (Flusty, p. 352).
Wednesday, November 18, 2009
Exhibit IIThe Tim Horton’s Phenomenon - on consignment ~ 1964-timeless
Wednesday, November 18, 2009
Multiculturalism and Belonging
Cosmopolitanism and Global Identity
Capitalism- global identity and class struggle
Migration
Modernism and Post-modernism
Wednesday, November 18, 2009
Cosmopolitanism and Global Identity
• Cosmopolitanism: vagueness of definition
1) ideal
2) quantifiable; as analytic tool
Wednesday, November 18, 2009
Cosmopolitanism and Global Identity
• As liberal, western values
• Identity Politics
Wednesday, November 18, 2009
Canada• Global City: Toronto
• Canadian Identity as global identity
• Tim Hortons- Symbol of Canada
• Who’s Canada, who’s values?
Wednesday, November 18, 2009
Global Identity and Class Struggle
Hegemony of Multiculturalism
Bourgeois Urbanism
Wednesday, November 18, 2009
Migration• Migration of People
• Migration of Ideas
• Global Culture
Wednesday, November 18, 2009
Modernism and Post-modernism
• Ulrich Beck
• Challenge of cultural relativism
• Belonging and Solidarity
What do you think?
Wednesday, November 18, 2009
Exhibit IIIHipsters, holsters, whores and homies ~ 20,000 BCE-timeless
Wednesday, November 18, 2009
CONSUMING GLOBAL CULTURES
Wednesday, November 18, 2009
Krätke’s
Global Media Cities: Major Nodes of Globalizing Culture
Photo Credits: http://bit.ly/3dTnWI
Wednesday, November 18, 2009
“the market-related self-stylization of individuals competing for positions in societies characterised by the all-embracing
mediatisation of social communication, consumption patterns
and lifestyles.” Wednesday, November 18, 2009
“incorporates different sectors and functions as agents of information, influence and
persuasion” Wednesday, November 18, 2009
“Seek a ‘subcultural’ urban district they can use as an extended stage for self-portrayal.”
Wednesday, November 18, 2009
Wednesday, November 18, 2009
“a flourishing creative and knowledge economyis based on place-specific socio-cultural milieuswhich positively combine with the dynamics ofcluster formation within the urban economic
space.”Wednesday, November 18, 2009
“Islands of renewal in seas of decay.”Urban Pioneers .
Wednesday, November 18, 2009
Critical Infrastructure
Hipster Olympics: youtube.com/watch?v=kAO4EVMlpwM
Wednesday, November 18, 2009
http://highrise.nfb.ca
Wednesday, November 18, 2009
Art Gallery of Metropolitan Moments ~ is now open for discussion...
Wednesday, November 18, 2009
Quotes for discussion
“Identities are (re)constructed at multiple levels - global scale, state, community, individual. Group identity varies with time and place” as such “Identity can only be confirmed by others who share that identity.” (Taiaiake and Corntassel, 2005). If this is true, then what are the implications in a multicultural, neoliberal city such as Toronto?
“If you do not sing the songs - if you do not tell the stories and if you do not speak the language - you will cease to exist (as Apache)” (Taiaiake and Corntassel, 2005). Can culture and/or identity disappear?
Wednesday, November 18, 2009
Discussion Questions
Given the constant change in urban multiculturalism, how do these various components (ie. culture, identity, etc.) influence the built environment?
Does being part of a culture that’s “less dominant” make it less of a culture?
Are we in North America becoming isolated in our individualistic “culture”? Is this a direct result of capitalism?
Is it possible to be objective when it comes to culture?
Wednesday, November 18, 2009
Wednesday, November 18, 2009
The Location of Culture
Homi Bhabha (1994), Routledge
Wednesday, November 18, 2009
ReferencesTowards cosmopolis: a postmodern agenda (2002) - Leonie Sandercock
The cultural role of world cities (1996) - Ulf Hannerz
World cities: Global? Postcolonial? Postimperial? Or just the result of happenstance? Some cultural comments (2005) - Anthony D. King
‘Global media cities:’ major nodes of globalizing culture and media industries (2005) - Stefan Krätke
Willing the global city: Berlin’s cultural strategies of interurban competition after 1989 (2005) - Ute Lehrer
Exploring Colombo: the relevance of a knowledge of New York (1996) - Nihal Perera
Culturing the world city: an exhibition of the global present (2005) - Steven Flusty
Taiaiake Alfred and Jeff Corntassel’s “Being Indigenous: Resurgences against Contemporary Colonialism,” Government and Opposition, 40, 4 (2005), 597-614.
Wednesday, November 18, 2009