GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY

Present by

Shakil ID: 20151209040

Department of Pharmacy

BSMRSTU

What is Pharmacology? Pharmacology is consist of two Greek words

“Pharma” which means Drug and “Logos” which means Knowledge.

Pharmacology is the branch of science of drug which deals with the history, source, physical, chemical properties, mode of action, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and side effect of drugs.

Classification of Pharmacology Pharmacodynamics: What the drug does to the

body. It shows pharmacological actions that is the study of the therapeutic and side effects of drug.

Pharmacokinetics: What the body does to the drug. It includes the study of ADME ( Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion)

Some terms related to PharmacologyDrug: Drug are substance which can change the physical and physiological state.Medicine: Medicines are drug which are used to and treat illness or discomfort.Dose: Certain amount of drug.Dosage form: It is the physical form of medicine.Pharmacotherapeutics: It is the application of pharmacodynamics Information together with the knowledge of the disease for it’s prevention, metigation and cure.

Oral Advantages:Self medication.Cheap safe & painless.Need not sterilization.Disadvantages:Action is slow.Can’t be used unconscious &

vomiting patient.High first pass metabolism

can’t be administrated.

SublingualAdvantages:High lipid solubility.High first pass metabolism can

be administrated. More potent than oral.Disadvantages:Water soluble can’t be given.Can’t be given to unconscious

patient.Large dose can’t be given.

Intravenous:Advantages:Not orally absorbed can be

administrated.Rapid action.Effective in emergency case.Disadvantages:Must be aseptic measures.Chance of injury expensive.

Some terms related to PharmacologyClinical pharmacology: It is the scientific study of drug in man. The aim of clinical pharmacology is to generate optimum use of drug.Side effect: It is the effect of drug which is therapeutically undesirable and totally unavoidable Toxic effect: It is the undesirable effect of drug and other chemical due to prolong use Chemotherapy : It is defined as the treatment of systemic infection or malignancy with specific drug that have specific toxicity to the infecting agent.

Route of Drug administration1.Enteral: Oral , Sublingual/ Buccal , Rectal.2.Parental:Intravenous(IV), Intraarterious(IA),Intramusc ular(IM),Intracutaneous(IC),Subcutaneous(SC).3.Inhalation: Anesthetic,Aerosol.4.Intranasal5.Intraspinal6.Intraventricular7.Topical:Involves skin,eye and ear.8.Transdermal.

Factors affecting choice of route of drug administrationA. Physical and Chemical properties of drug:Physical state,lipid or

water solubility , stability in body pH .B. Sight of action.C. Rate and extent of absorption of drug.D. Effect of enzyme.E. Rapidity of action.F. Emergency of treatment.G. Accuracy of the dosage.H. Condition of the patient.

Factors affecting absorption of drug

1.Blood flow of the site of absorption.2.Surface area.3.Contact time of the absorption site.4.Gastric emptying time.5.Intestinal mortility .6.Food.7.Formulation factor.8.Metabolism.