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Collaborative Philanthropy & Social Change
Erin McGrathAnalytical Paper
Spring 2009
Topic Overview
An examination of the ways in which foundations participate in collaborative arrangements with one another in order to bring about social change.
Collaborative Philanthropies for Social Change
Literature Review
1. Philanthropy
2. Social Change Philanthropy•Social Justice Philanthropy•Conservative Philanthropy
3. Philanthropic Collaboration
FoundationsWhy Foundations Matter:
• Role in advancing: social causes, policy initiatives, social programs, & political movements
• Capacity to Mobilize & Allocate Resources
★ 2008: $45.6 Billion
Literature Review: Philanthropy FOUNDATION TYPES
Type Definition Example
Independent Grantmaking bodies to provide support for organizations
The Ford Foundation
Operating Conduct own programs rather than provide support J. Paul Getty Trust
Community Pooled funds The Cleveland Foundation
Conversion Hybrid of operating & community
California Wellness Foundation
Adapted from Leslie Lenkowsky, 2002
Literature Review: Social Change Philanthropy
Author Definition
Roelofs (2003)
Long term change in structures of political decision making or the allocation of power & wealth
Ostrander (1995)
Advancing progressive social change: the redistribution of power and resources in a more egalitarian directions
Hunter(1990)
Changing of societal institutions so they don’t produce the very problems that ‘charity’ is trying to alleviate
Literature Review: Social Change Philanthropy
How do foundations support social change? •Creating New Knowledge
•Applying Knowledge
•Policy Analysis
•Policy Advocacy
•Social Movements & Empowerment
•Social Service Delivery
Engaged in by both Conservative & Progressive Foundations!
Prewitt, 2006
Literature Review: Social Justice Philanthropy
Social Justice Philanthropy: Grantmaking that attempts to create a more equitable distribution of social, economic, and political power to
truly reform a society’s institutions so that they are better able to meet existing needs and eliminate or at least reduce reliance on short-term & emergency service
provisioning (NCRP, 2005).
Literature Review: Social Justice Philanthropy
The National Network of Grantmakers’ Core Essentials:
•Focus on Root Causes
•Structural or Systemic Change
•Collective Action
•Self-Determination
•Commitment to Leadership Development
•Inclusiveness
Literature Review: Conservative Philanthropy
Operating Definition:Grants made to organizations & programs that promote
some type of free market, small government, and/or conservative religious ideology, with a focus on policy
research or advocacy
Grantmaking 1999 - 2001: $183.2 millionGeneral Operating: $94.3 millionProgram Support: $77.5 million
Combination: $10.4 millionKrehely et al, 2004
Literature Review: Conservative Philanthropy
Strategic Elements of Conservative Philanthropy
•Funding an Ideological Agenda
•Building Strong Institutions
•Resource Concentration & National Focus
•Media, Marketing & Communications
•Creation & Cultivation of Public Intellectuals
•Cross-Sectoral Funding & Support of Multiple Strategies
•Long-Term FundingCovington, 2005
Literature Review Philanthropic Collaboration
Funder Networks 1980 (N=24)
Source: Grantmakers for Effective OrganizationsGEP 2004 Presentation: Philanthropy’s New Forum-The Emerging Influence of Funder Networks (COF)
Funder Networks 2004 (N=110)
Source: Grantmakers for Effective OrganizationsGEP 2004 Presentation: Philanthropy’s New Forum-The Emerging Influence of Funder Networks (COF)
Literature Review: Philanthropic Collaborations
•Conference•Email/Mail List•Advocacy•Research & Evaluation•Communications•Coordinated Needs Assessment•Pooled Grantmaking
•Publications•Knowledge Management•Shared Space/Equipment/Staff•Site Visits•Earned Income Venture
Grantmakers for Effective Organizations, 2004
Literature Review: Philanthropic Collaborations
Sharing Information
Shared Decision Making
Collaboration Issue Areas, Ideology & Affinity
Groups
Geographic Proximity
Issue Areas, Ideology, & Affinity Groups
•Share Model Practices
•Share Information
Issue Areas, Ideology, & Affinity Groups
•Do they have the capacity to develop a larger strategy?
•Is there a tendency for these groups to become insular?
Perceived Constraints
Collaboration & Conservative Social Change
•Conservative foundations have built strong relationships based on shared history & ideology
•Advancing political theory in order to bring about change
Conservative Collaboration
Case Study: Philanthropy Roundtable
•Founded: 1991•500 Members
•Communications•Annual Meetings•Guidebooks•Working Groups•Alliance for Charitable Action (PAC)
Functions:
Geographic Proximity•Place-Based Examination of Interconnected Issues
Regional Network Data•Most: 25 or fewer members•40% have paid staff•75% meet quarterly
Case Study: Living Cities
•Formalized Relationships in 23 cities
•Membership: Foundations, Financial Institutions & Federal Agencies
•$543 million in targeted cities
•Structure determined locally
•Convene, Broker, Build, & Advocate
Comprehensive Community Initiatives (CCIs)
•Integrated & Comprehensive
•Collaboration among sponsors & grantees
Challenges to CCIs and Other Collaborations
1. Difficultly in Building Genuine Partnerships
2. Differing Expectations for Time Line
3. Foundation Culture to Look for the Next Thing
4. The Collaboration Becoming an Entity to Itself
Lessons
•New Roles
•New Structures & Practices
•Shared Goals & Strategies
•Giving Up Control
•Staying in Background
•Risk Taking
What does this mean for foundations?
Recommendations for Research
•More on Conservative Philanthropy
•Collaboration: Principles, Practice & Outcomes
Principles & Practices: Suggested Questions
•Why do some funders join while others do not?
•How do ideological frameworks influence the collaborative work of foundations?
•Do new funders seek to collaborate with existing associations or seek to develop new partnerships?
•What is the life-cycle of the different types of collaborations?
•To what extent are foundations allocating resources (human & financial) to collaborative initiatives?
•How do the collaborative arrangements interact with other stake-holders?
Questions?