Fauvism 1904-08 & Henri Matisse

Context 1900s The Wright brothers achieve

the first manned flight by airplane, in Kitty Hawk in 1903;

U.S. President William McKinley is assassinated in 1901 by Leon Czolgosz

America gains control over the Philippines in 1902, after the Philippine–American War

An earthquake on the San Andreas Fault destroys much of San Francisco, killing at least 3,000 in 1906;

Rock being moved to construct the Panama Canal

Admiral Togo before the Battle of Tsushima in 1905, part of the Russo-Japanese War, leading to Japanese victory and their establishment as a great power.

A time of change & technology• 1900 - The first zeppelin flight occurs over Lake Constance near Friedrichshafen,

Germany on July 2, 1900.• 1906- A diesel engine built by MAN AG.• 1901 - First electric typewriter is invented by George Canfield Blickensderfer of Erie,

Pennsylvania. • 1901 - The first radio receiver (successfully received a radio transmission). This receiver

was developed by Guglielmo Marconi. • 1902 - Sir James Mackenzie of Scone, Scotland invented an early lie detector or

polygraph.• 1902 - Georges Claude invented the neon lamp• 1902 - Lyman Gilmore of Washington, United States is awarded a patent for a steam

engine,• 1902 - The Wright brothers of Ohio, United States create the 1902 version of the Wright

Glider.• 1903 - Ford Motor Company produces its first car — the Ford Model A.• 1904–1914 - The Panama Canal constructed by the United States in the territory of

Panama, • 1906 - The Victor Talking Machine Company releases the Victrola, the most popular

gramophone model until the late 1920s• 1906 - Sound radio broadcasting was invented by Reginald Fessenden and Lee De Forest

Context 1900s in Art• 1900 - The Brownie camera is invented;

this was the beginning of the Eastman Kodak company. The Brownie popularized low-cost photography and introduced the concept of the snapshot. The first Brownie was introduced in February, 1900.

• 1907 — The Autochrome Lumière which was patented in 1903 becomes the first commercial colour photography process.

Impressionism 1870s• Impressionist painting

characteristics include relatively small, thin, yet visible brush strokes, open composition, emphasis on accurate depiction of light in its changing qualities (often accentuating the effects of the passage of time).

• Ordinary subject matter, inclusion of movement as a crucial element of human perception and experience, and unusual visual angles.

• Artists- Monet , Manet, Sisley, Morisot, Pissarro, Degas

Post-Impressionism - 1886-1905

Post-Impressionists pushed the ideas of the Impressionists into new directions. The Post-Impressionists were an eclectic bunch of individuals, so there were no broad, unifying characteristics. Each artist took an aspect of Impressionism and exaggerated it.For example-Vincent van Gogh intensified Impressionism's already vibrant colours and painted them thickly on the canvas (we call this impasto). Van Gogh's energetic brushstrokes expressed emotional qualities.

Georges Seurat took the rapid, "broken" brushwork of Impressionism and developed it into the millions of coloured dots that create Pointillism,

while Paul Cézanne elevated Impressionism's separation of colours into separations of whole planes of colour

Neo-Impressionism - 1886-1906

Neo-Impressionism (a.k.a. Divisionism or Pointillism) ( Neo as in New) is a movement and a style. It is a subdivision of the larger avant-garde movement called Post-Impressionism.The Neo-Impressionist surface seems to vibrate with a glow that radiates from the minuscule dots that are packed together to create a specific hue. The painted surfaces are especially luminescent.Artists – Signac, Pissaro, Lemmen, H E Cross, & Luce.

Paul Signac (French, 1863-1935). Capo di Noli, 1898.

The Fauves

• Fauvism was the first of the avant-garde movements that flourished in France in the early years of the twentieth century.

• The Fauve painters were the first to break with Impressionism as well as with older, traditional methods of perception.

• Their spontaneous, often subjective response to nature was expressed in bold, undisguised brushstrokes and high-keyed, vibrant colours directly from the tube.

• Fauvism is the style of les Fauves (French for "the wild beasts")

• A loose group of early twentieth-century Modern artists whose works emphasized painterly qualities and strong colour over the representational or realistic values retained by Impressionism.

• While Fauvism as a style began around 1900 and continued beyond 1910, the movement as such lasted only a few years, 1904–1908, and had three exhibitions.

• The leaders of the movement were Henri Matisse and André Derain.

Besides Matisse and Derain, other artists included • Albert Marquet, • Charles Camoin, • Louis Valtat, • Henri Evenepoel, • Maurice Marinot, • Jean Puy, • Maurice de Vlaminck, • Henri Manguin, • Raoul Dufy, • Othon Friesz, • Georges Rouault, Jean Metzinger, • Kees van Dongen• Georges Braque (subsequently

Picasso's partner in Cubism).

• The paintings of the Fauves were characterized by seemingly wild brush work and strident colours, while their subject matter had a high degree of simplification and abstraction.

• Fauvism can be classified as an extreme development of Van Gogh's Post-Impressionism fused with the pointillism of Seurat and other Neo-Impressionist painters, in particular Paul Signac.

• Other key influences were Paul Cézanne and Paul Gauguin.

“How do you see these trees? They are yellow. So, put in yellow; this shadow, rather blue, paint it with pure ultramarine; these red leaves? Put in vermilion.”

• Fauvism can also be seen as a mode of Expressionism.

• Gustave Moreau was the movement's inspirational teacher; a controversial professor at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris

• He taught Matisse, Marquet, Manguin, Rouault and Camoin during the 1890s, and was viewed by critics as the group's philosophical leader until Matisse was recognized as such in 1904.

• Moreau's broad-mindedness, originality and affirmation of the expressive potency of pure colour was inspirational for his students.

• Matisse said of him, "He did not set us on the right roads, but off the roads. He disturbed our complacency.“

• This source of empathy was taken away with Moreau's death in 1898.

The Apparition by Moreau -1890s

The key artists involved in the Fauvist movement

Henri Matisse-(French, 1869–1954)• Their leader was Matisse, who had arrived at

the Fauve style after earlier experimenting with the various Post-Impressionist styles of Van Gogh, Gauguin, and Cézanne, and the Neo-Impressionism of Seurat, Cross, and Signac.

• These influences inspired him to reject traditional three-dimensional space and seek instead a new picture space defined by the movement of colour planes.

• After viewing the boldly coloured canvases of Henri Matisse, André Derain, Albert Marquet, Maurice de Vlaminck, Kees van Dongen, Charles Camoin, and Jean Puy at the Salon d'Automne of 1905, the critic Louis Vauxcelles disparaged the painters as "fauves" (wild beasts), thus giving their movement the name by which it became known, Fauvism.

Henri Matisse-

Luxe, Calme et Volupte (1904)

Henri Matisse Women with a

hat (1905)

Matisse

Les toits de Collioure 1905

Open Window 1905

Andre Derain-1880 –1954

• As an artist, Derain occupied a place midway between the impetuous Vlaminck and the more controlled Matisse.

• He had worked with Vlaminck in Chatou, near Paris, intermittently from 1900 on ("School of Chatou"), and spent the summer of 1905 with Matisse in Collioure.

• In 1906–7, he also painted some twenty-nine scenes of London in a more restrained palette- – Charing Cross Bridge (1906)

Andre Derain

• Matisse (1905)• Le Sechage Des Voiles (1905)

Maurice de Vlaminck

(French 1876-1958)Another major Fauve was Maurice de Vlaminck, who might be called a "natural" Fauve because his use of highly intense colour corresponded to his own exuberant nature.

The River Seine at Chatou (1906)

Autumn Landscape (1905).

• Fauvism was a transitional, learning stage.• By 1908, a revived interest in Paul Cézanne's vision of the

order and structure of nature had led many of them to reject the turbulent emotionalism of Fauvism in favour of the logic of Cubism.

• Braque became the co-founder with Picasso of Cubism.

• Derain, after a brief flirtation with Cubism, became a widely popular painter in a somewhat neoclassical manner.

• Matisse alone pursued the course he had pioneered, achieving a sophisticated balance between his own emotions and the world he painted.

Fauvist Still Life

Matisse- Dishes and Fruit (1901)

Matisse –Basket with oranges (1913)

Matisse - Spanish Still Life- (1910)

Matisse- Still Life with Blue Table cloth (1911)

Henri Matisse Still Life Bouquet Of Dahlias And White Book (1923)

Key FactorsSet up• Still life needs to be colourful and patterned if

possible. • Items of the day= Fruit, pots, vases bowls and

plants/flowersApproach• Bold colours with minimal blending• Simple flat imaging of any patterns• Fill the page with colour• Outlining in areas