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Descriptive Grammar of English
Ed McCorduckEnglish 402--GrammarSUNY Cortland http://mccorduck.cortland.edu
• main units of analysis in descriptive grammaro wordo phrase – made up of words or at least one wordo sentence – made up of phrases
slide 2: main units of analysis
English 402: Grammar
• two main classes of words in descriptive grammaro form classeso structure classes
slide 3: main classes of words
English 402: Grammar
o form classes can change their form by adding an ending (a.k.a.
an inflection)
slide 4: properties of form class words
English 402: Grammar
examples
nounsdog – dogs sissy – sissies
verbstake – taking hurry – hurried
adjectiveshard – harder – hardestfat – fatter – fattest
slide 5: examples of form class endings
English 402: Grammar
generally have a clear reference to something in the “real” world
occur in characteristic positions (a.k.a. slots) in sentences
example
I saw the ______ . noun
slide 6: more features of form classes
English 402: Grammar
o structure classes cannot change their form are closed classes (more words can’t be added to
them) (the form classes are open)
slide 7: properties of structure class words
English 402: Grammar
some structure classes:
prepositions exxin through beside
determiners exxa(n), the, this, those, my, their, many, each
slide 8: examples of structure classes and words
English 402: Grammar