ENERGY CONSERVATION TIPSBY

BS.MUKUNTH

Powering the progress of Tamil Nadu…

Power to all at 2012 Aim of Ministry of

Power

CONSUMERS OF TANGEDCOTotal Consumers - 2.25 Crores.

Domestic - 66% - 1.485 crores

Commercial - 12.8 % - 28.8 Lakhs

Agriculture - 9.5 % - 21.4 Lakhs

Industrial - 1.7 % - 3. 8 Lakhs

Others - 10% - 22.5 Lakhs

TANGEDCO has an efficient network that has grown over the years.

Growth over 54 Years 1957 2011

    Consumer base 4.3 Lakhs 225 Lakhs

   Number of DT’s 3773 1.92 Lakhs

  Length of LT lines 13,055 kms 5.38 Lakhs Kms

   

1957 2011

Peak demand 172 MW 10180 MW

Per Capita consumption 21 units 1080 units

Total electrified towns 1813 63956 villages and hamlets

Number of sub-stations Number of sub-stations 89 89 1309 1309

Agriculture Pump sets Agriculture Pump sets 33,440 20.63 lakh33,440 20.63 lakh

1A Tariff ( Domestic )< 100 Units

1 to 50 units = Re.0.65/-51 to 100 Units= Re.0.75/-

>100 unitsto 50 units = Re.0.75/-51 to 100 Units = Re.0.85/-101 to 200 Units = Re.1.50/-201 to 600 Units = Re.2.20/-Above 601 Units = Re.3.05/-

V Tariff ( Commercial )1 to 100 units = Re.4.30/-101 to 200 Units = Re.5.30/-Above 200 units = Re 6.50/- + 5% Tax.

III A(2) Tariff (Powerloom) 1 to 500 units = Re.1.40/-501 to 1500 Units = Re.2.25/-Above 1501 Units = Re.2.50/- + 5% Tax.

III B Tariff (Industries) 1 to 1500 units = Re.4.00/-Above 1501 Units = Re.5.00/- + 5% Tax.

TNEB’s Power infrastructure

I - Installed capacity of TNEBTotal installed capacity

including central share & IPP = 10,214 MW

Renewable energy sourceslike windmill, Bios mass and = 5586 MWCogeneration

Total installed capacity in Tamil Nadu = 15800 MW.

CONSUMERS OF ELECTRICITYTotal Consumers - 2.25 Crores.

Domestic - 66% - 1.485 crores

Commercial - 12.8 % - 28.8 Lakhs

Agriculture - 9.5 % - 21.4 Lakhs

Industrial - 1.7 % - 3. 8 Lakhs

Others - 10% - 22.5 Lakhs

TNEBTNEB’’s Power infrastructures Power infrastructure

I - Installed capacity of TNEBThermal – 2970 MW – 30%Gas -- 424 MW -- 04% = 5532 MWHydro -- 2137 MW – 21%Central share -- 2841 MWIPP -- 1101 MWEx. Sources -- 360 MWothers -- 288 MW

Total 10,122 MW

Present power scenarioPresent power scenario

Peak power shortage – 13%

Energy shortage - 9%

Energy requirement by 2012 – 100 GW

Rs. 800,000 Crores investment required

Energy forecast Energy forecast

200 GW144 GW100 GWGeneration capacity

201220072000Year

Demand is doubled within 10 Years

HOW TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY?

Pykara

• SINGARA HYDRO POWER HOUSE

KADAMPARAI

Salient Features : (PUMPED STORAGE SCHEME)

• Capacity – 4 x100 MW

• Year of Commissioning – 1986

• The first of its kind in the country to operate both in

generator and pumping mode since 1987.

• In this Power House the off peak ( Night time)

energy is utilized to pump water to the upper

reservoir and during peak hours ( Day time) the

Power House is put in generation mode.

THERMAL GENERATIONTHERMAL GENERATION

METTUR THERMAL POWER STATION

Basin Bridge Chennai

Capacity - 95 MW• Year of Commissioning – 2003• Fuel - Natural Gas• Cost of generation /unit  - Rs 3.36

NUCLEAR GENERATIONNUCLEAR GENERATION

SOLAR GENERATIONSOLAR GENERATION

100 units of energy in coal

40 units of energy as electricity

100 units of electricity

40 units of energy

38.8 units of energy

97 units of electricity

100 units of electricity

38.8 units of energy

37.25 units of energy

96 units of electricity

Energy efficiency

Efficiency = O/P

I/P

0.5 = 1Unit

I/P

I/P = 2 Units

ONE Unit Saved = TWO Units Generated

The end efficiency of electrical power in Thermal Power Station

The heat energy in the fuel = 100 %Efficiency of thermal plant = 0.40Efficiency of EHT transmission = 0.97Efficiency of substation = 0.96Efficiency of LT network = 0.84Efficiency of motor = 0.85Efficiency of compressor = 0.80Overall Efficiency ????

End Efficiency

= 0.40 x 0.97 x 0.96 x 0.84 x 0.85 x 0.80

= 0.21

= 21% ~ 100 % Heat in the coal

Ratio is 1:5

Why Energy Why Energy Conservation ?Conservation ?

Energy Conservation and its Importance?

FuelStatusFuelStatus

Optimizing generation to meet demand For one’s own benefit - Saving money To Reduce pollution

For future generation To preserve precious resources To protect environment –Reducing Global

Warming To Avoid acid rain To Avoid ozone layer depletion

Benefits of Energy Conservation

Energy is like time – once wasted can’t be regenerated

Thermal Power Generation Smoke – Round the clock

Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere acts as a transparent blanket, that contributes to the global warming of the earth, or "greenhouse effect."

Sulfur dioxide is also emitted into the air when coal is burned.  The sulfur dioxide reacts with water and oxygen in the clouds to form precipitation known as "acid rain."  

What are the Impact of Global warming Up?……

Global warming produce extreme weather condition

• Shifted / changed rainfall pattern• Shifted / changed evaporation pattern• Heavy flood • Severe drought• High strength & never heard off cyclone like Hurricane, Katrina, Rita, Fanoos …… • Killer wave Tsunami

Scientists argue that Cyclone has doubled in last 35 years both in intensity and frequency

The Arial view of Marina Beach after Tsunami triggered earth quake in the Indian ocean hit the area of south Indian city of

Chennai

Impact of Acid Rain:Destruction of Historical Relic

A Photo in Europe A stone statue eaten by acid rain.Cultural and historical heritage is also being damaged by this kind of pollution.

Photo – In 1910Shows the effect of 400 years of weathering on a grotesque which decorates Lincoln Cathedral in England.

Impact of Acid Rain

Photo – In 1984(74 years later )Acid rain and other atmospheric pollution have worn the figure to a recognizable remnant.

World wonder Monument Taj Mahal in India built entirely of marble and is now

prone to acid-rain damage

Impact of Acid RainTaj Mahal

What is Energy Conservation?

• Energy conservation is any behavior that results in the use of less energy.

• Turning the lights off when you leave the room and using energy efficient equipments are both ways of conserving energy.

• Energy efficiency is the use of technology that requires less energy to perform the same function.

• A compact fluorescent light bulb that uses less energy than an incandescent bulb to produce the same amount of light is an example of energy efficiency.

• However, the decision to replace an incandescent light bulb with a compact fluorescent is an act of energy conservation.

HOW TO CONSERVE ELECTRICAL

ENERGY?

Zero cost

• Switch off lights, fans

• Defrost refrigerator

• Clean AC filters

• Removal of night lamps

• Loading of washing machines

ACTUAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION BY HOME APPLIANCES

SWITCH OFF FANS & LIGHTS, WHEN NOT IN USE

Dust the bulbs once a month. Clean bulbs last longer, due to less heat build-up inside.

Natural Light Tubular Skylights

Made from spun aluminum for long lasting durability, skylights are simple to install and effective in bringing in

outside light to most areas in our home. Wonderful for kitchens and bathrooms and anywhere else in our home that

is dark during the daytime!

Natural Light Tubular Skylights operate

completely on the sun's solar energy. No wiring or

switches - just free light with all the positive benefits

of natural lighting.

Even on cloudy days, the tubular skylight

works - though the intensity of the light will be

slightly diminished. Additionally, the tubular

skylights filter out the harmful UV rays that

endanger our health, and fade clothing, furniture

and carpeting.

Before Installing Natural Light Tubular Skylights

After Installing Natural Light Tubular Skylights

Low profile look on your roof

Finished look inside home

Shrinathji Aluminium Enterprises

Manufacturer of skylights and UV protected polycarbonate skylights along with glass domes, structural canopies, glass walkways, aluminum composite panel cladding and structural glazing systems.Address: No. 2, KV Colony, 6th Cross Street, Opp. Arya Gowda Road, West Mambalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu - 600 033, IndiaMobile / Cell Phone: +(91)-9940651550

For a Room of 150 Sq.ft it costs only Rs 1000/- to the maximum end. The amount varies depending upon the type of roof , type of skylight etc.

Dinner together saves electricity

• Incandecent Lamp CFL 75%

(Compact Fluorescent Lamp)

TUBE LIGHT

Electromagnetic Choke Electronic Choke 50 %

Advantages of Electronic Choke

Operates even at fluctuating voltages from 90V to

270 V AC

No Starter Required

Instant glow with no flickering increases Tube life

No heat generated - Thus no blackening of walls

No Humming noise generated

Easy installation and same size as normal choke

Repairable and Re-usable incase of Malfunctioning

Energy Consumption

Type of Lamp

With conventional

choke

With Electronic

choke

Power Savings

40 W

Tube Light

15 W 2 W 13 W

40 W with ordinary choke = 4 Hrs x 30 days = 120 x 55w = 6600 WHr.Energy used by 1 lamp / month = 6.6 units = 6.6 x 2.2 = Rs 14.5 /-

40 W with Electronic choke = 4 Hrs x 30 days = 120 x 42 = 5040 WHr.

Energy used by 1 lamp for 1 month = 5 units = 5 x 2.2 = Rs 11 /- Savings in the bimonthly electricity bill for 1 lamp Rs 7 /-

Savings to the CONSUMERS:

C.C Bill for 1 lamp = Rs 7 /- ( 3 Units )

For ex for 4 Lamps = Rs 28 / - ( 12 units )

Savings to the TANGEDCO:

1 Unit Saved = 2 Units Produced.

Cost of Power generation in Thermal = Rs 3.5 /-

Power purchase for 1 unit from IPP = Rs 7 /-

Power purchase for 1 unit from other states = Rs 8/-

Power purchase for 1 unit from other states during peak hours

= Rs 10/-

The lifespan of a CFL is 4 times more than incandescent bulbs.

CFLs produce very little heat and are highly suitable for AC rooms.

CFLs are ideally suited for living rooms, Bed rooms, Kitchen, Study etc., where light is required for long hours.

Portico is another place of use, where light is required throughout the night.

Energy consumption comparison Type Watts Working

HrDays Monthly

Unit *Rs / Year

TL 40 8 25 11 290.00

CFL 8 8 25 1.6 42.00

TL with Ordinary Choke = 55 W.

Monthly Units Consumed = 55 x 8 x 25 = 11000WHr =

11 Units x 12 x 2.2 = Rs 290/-

CFL = 8 x 8 x 25 = 1600 WHr = 1.6 Units

@ Rs.2.20 / Unit.

Savings / Year by using CFL = Rs 248 /-

Life Hours Comparison

Life Hours of ICL = 1500 Hrs

4 Hrs / day = appro 375 Days

( 1 Year 10 Days ).

Life Hours of TL = 3000 Hrs

4 Hrs / day = appro 750 Days.

( 2 Years 20 Days ).

Life Hours of CFL = 7000 Hrs

4 Hrs / day = appro 1750 Days.

( 4 Years 290 Days ).

RECOMMENDED VALUES OF ILLUMINATION

Kitchen : 16 W CFL 250 LUX

Study room : 36 W CFL 500 LUX

Bathroom: 8 W CFL 150 LUX

Bed room : 16 W CFL 250 LUX

Verandah: 16W CFL 250 LUX

Staircase: 8 W CFL 150 LUX

Storeroom: 16W CFL 250 LUX

REFRIGERATORKeep atleast 15 inches

distance from the wall to allow heat generated by the compressor and motor to escape.Do not stuff your refrigerator. Adequate space for air circulation increases cooling efficiency.

Zero cost

Zero cost

Do not keep the refrigerator door open

unnecessarily for long period. Decide what

you want before opening the door.

Make sure that food items are cooled to

room temperature and securely covered before

they are placed in the refrigerator.

Clean the coils on the back side regularly.

Defrost regularly.

*

Do not Keep fridge in the kitchen because

the heating effect in the kitchen will make

the compressor to run frequently to

maintain the cooling capacity. Hence

more power is utilized.

FANS• Use light weight / energy efficient

fans.• Lubricate bearing of motor

periodically.• Use electronic regulators for

fans.

70 W 50W

GRINDER• Use energy efficient

motors for grinders.

• Always use nylon belt in grinders.

• Use grinder to its full capacity.

• Clean and lubricate grinder parts periodically

* The grinder stone should be made rough

so that the time taken for grinding will be

minimized .

* By keeping the rice & dol soaked for

atleast 5 hours, 15% of energy will be

saved.

Washing Machine• Use the Washing machine

with full load.• When purchasing, choose the

energy efficient one.• Prefer a washing machine

without drier.• Avoid using the washing

machine at peak hours. (6AM to 09.00 AM & 6PM to 09.00 PM)

AIR-CONDITIONER:

1) Proper capacity of AC should be used in the rooms. i.e for the size of 100 sq.ft Room 1 Tonne AC may be installed.

Ton as the name suggests is equivalent to 1000 kg. How is this related to air conditioner ?

To relate ice and cooling capacity a formula is derived which says the amount of energy required per hour to make one ton of ice in twenty-four hours. This comes out to be 12000 BTU (British thermal units). So one ton is equal to 12000 BTU.Cooling capacity of an air conditioner is measured in tons , so one ton AC provides 12000 BTU in one hour.

While buying air conditioner check the following on the specifications:

Cooling Capacity in BTU. Power consumed in Watts.Star rating if available. Star rating is based upon the EER of an AC. EER is Cooling Capacity divided by Power Consumed. To calculate EER in watts BTU needs to be converted into watts. 12000 BTU is equal to 3517 watts or 1BTU = 0.2937 Watts or ONE TON = 3517 Watts

Window Air Conditioner Sizing Chart

Room air conditioners generally have cooling capacities that range from 5,500 BTU per hour to 14,000 BTU per hour. A common rating term for air conditioning size is the "ton," which is 12,000 BTU per hour.

Square feet Btu’s Square feet Btu’s100 – 150            5,000 350 – 400          9,000150 – 250            6,000 400 – 450        10,000250 – 300            7,000 450 – 550          12,000300 – 350            8,000 500 – 700         14,000

700 – 1,000      18,000

• Close Windows and Doors when the AC

is ON.

• Keep ACs at 240C. For each degree that

is set above 220C, you will use 3 to 5 %

less energy.

• Turn off your AC an hour before the

usage.

• Clean AC filter often. This will save the

energy and increases the efficiency.

• Use ceiling or table fan as first line of

defence against summer heat. Ceiling

fans, for instance, cost about 30 paise an

hour to operate - much less than air

conditioners (Rs 3.00 per hour).

A good air conditioner will cool and

dehumidify a room in about 30

minutes, so use a timer and leave

the unit off for some time.

MICROWAVE OVEN

Always use the Oven to its full capacity.

Plan accordingly.

Load & unload the Oven as quickly as

possible to avoid heat loss.

Always switch of the Microwave from

the mains after use.

TURN OFF YOUR COMPUTER, WHEN NOT IN USE.

Laptop computers draw only 15 to 25 watts

during regular use, as compared to the 150 watts

used by a conventional desktop computer and

monitor. Plus, laptops also draw just a fraction of a

watt when in sleep mode.

If your computer must be left on, turn off the monitor; this device alone uses more than half the system's energy.

Screen savers save computer screens, not energy. Start-ups and shutdowns do not use any extra energy, nor are they hard on your computer components. In fact, shutting computers down when you are finished using them actually reduces system wear - and saves energy

• For every degree you

lower the thermostat

you’ll save between

1 to 3% of power.

• Avoid ironing daily .It

consumes 40% more

energy than of ironing

all clothes at weekends.

IRON BOX

WATER HEATERS• Use solar water heaters

wherever possible.

• Avoid water leakage in taps / joints.

• Always insulate hot water pipes to reduce heat loss.

Solar Water Heater

Life is about 20 years.

It uses clean and freely

available Solar Energy.

No running cost and

negligible maintenance cost.

Gives supply of 100 litres at

60oC – adequate for

2 bathrooms + kitchen.

COST BENEFIT ANALSIS – SOLAR WATER HEATER

• Cost of Solar Water Heater = Rs. 14,000/-

• Electricity saved per annum = 1340 units (assume 2KW geyser used for 2 hrs. daily) = (4 units x 335 days)

• Cost of Energy @ Rs. 2.20 / unit = Rs. 2948/ annum

(upto 600 units bimonthly)• Cost of Energy @ Rs. 3.10 / unit = Rs. 4154/ annum

(above 600 units bimonthly)• Pay back period is 3.5 to 5 years.

PEAK HOUR 06.00 AM to 09.00 AM

& 06.00 PM to 09.00 PM

Avoid using power in peak hour as far as possible.

This can be done by avoiding washing machine, geyser, water pumps, iron Box, Grinder etc at the peak hour.

AVOID STAND-BY MODEWhat most of us fail to realize is that

every time we leave a plug point “ON” after switching “OFF” an electrical appliance from the machine button, power is still being consumed, in the “stand-by mode”.

Make it a habit to switch off your appliances from the plug point; it saves an unbelievable 5% power.

Don’t keep your computer monitors on “sleep” or “screen saver” mode as this consumes power as well.

Energy Savings in MotorDepending upon the Depth of the Bore the

Motor rating should be selected.

150 to 200 ft - ½ HP

200 to 250 ft - 1 HP = 746W

250 to 400 ft - 1 ½ HP

400 to 600 ft - Double piston compressor motor 2 HP

Energy Savings in MotorSample calculation:

A 1 ½ HP Motor being loaded 1 ½ HP and working for 2hrs in a day - energy cost Rs.2.20/- unit ( 2x 365 days = 730 Hrs )

Standard Motor is measured to be 80% Efficient.

Energy Efficient Motor available, same rating and same dimensions, 95% Efficient.

Input Power and annual consumption –

Standard Motor = 1.12 /0.80 x 730 = 1022 units

EE Motor = 1.12 /0.95 x 730 = 860 units

Saving potential = 162 units Rs. 357.00 / year Rs 30 / month

Why is the EE motor more expensive?

Energy Efficient motors are generally priced 15 % higher than Standard motors

More CopperMore laminations - longer core length and/orHigher grade i.e. low loss laminationsSometimes higher frame size is required

AGRICULTURE• Substitute rusted G.I suction/

delivery pipes by low friction rigid PVC pipes of correct diameter.

• Provide and maintain capacitors in good condition.

• Avoid operation under low voltage conditions.

• Use energy efficient pumpsets. • Use ISI Motors & Capacitors• Use ISI Foot Valve• Reduce bend in water line• Don’t operate motor in two phase

Conservation of Energy thro’ other ways…

Water Conservation • When washing dishes by hand,

don't let the water run while rinsing.

• Turn off the water while you brush your teeth

• Turn off the water while shaving

• Drive your car onto a lawn to wash it. Rinse water can help water the grass.

• Children should not be allowed to play with the garden hose

• Check for Leaks & Arrest the leakage.

CONSERVATION WHILE COOKING• Cover pans while cooking to prevent heat

loss.

• Just before your food is cooked completely, turn off the oven or burner and allow the heat in the pot or pan to continue the cooking process for you.

• The less liquid and fat you use, the quicker the cooking time.

• Use pressure cooker. It really saves on energy.

• Don’t let the water to boil for more than required.

SAVE POWER

MONEY

NATION

?