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A presentation at the WCCA 2011 event in Brisbane.
Citation preview
Empowering African Smallholder Farmers for Fast-tracking Adoption
of Conservation Agriculture
ByPascal Kaumbutho PhD CEng MIAgrE
CEO KENDAT / ACT Ambassador!
www.kendat.org
Contents
• The critical situation for the smallholder farmer
• Understanding the Prime Client
• Value-chain positioning & Theory of Change
• Interventions that make business sense
• Way forward: suggestions for all of us
The critical situation for the smallholder
farmer..
The African Smallholder Farmer Livelihoods Model
Five Capitals:•Natural•Social•Human•Physical•Financial
Conventional Farming
Only a Fool Does Things the Same Old Way and Expect Different Outcomes... Ouch!
2050 – A Perfect Storm
Population
Climate
Food
WaterClimate
There is much to offer the more entrepreneurial farmer: Appropriate
technologies & means across the crop-livestock
value-chain systems...
Artisan Training. Local peoples empowerment in a complete sense.
Understanding the Prime Client…
What Does Change really mean to a Kenya Sugarcane Farmer
Source: Ashish Source: Ashish Shah, KenyaShah, Kenya
green – localpink - national blue – international
the farmer
The African Farmer’s Complex Business World: Control or Adaptation
Innovation for Empowerment: What Level
• Innovation 1.0– Technology focused – Expert driven
• Innovation 2.0 – Stakeholder collaboration– Interdisciplinary– Legitimacy of different knowledge aspects– Linking technology with social/institutional
change
• Innovation 3.0 – Based on complexity thinking– Institutional innovation accepting current weaknesses– Tackling explicitly, power, politics and conflict– Understanding human cognitive processes– Balancing individual and relationship transformation
with technological and system change– Multi - disciplinary– Rigorous use of Theories of Change
Value-chain positioning & Theory
of Change …
Supply Side: NEPAD (CAADP), RECs, National Agenda (Vision 2030), Research Findings, New Inputs/Supplies, Finance,
Markets etc.
Innovative Extension & Business Empowerment Services: KENDAT and Partner Programmes working to close information, technology, means and policy gaps for sustained economic
growth
Demand Side: Farmers and other entrepreneurs leading others into
productive and resilient environment & agro-industrial participation and
growth
Farming & Farm Operations:
Natural capital: More land or more intensive operations? Research or action?
Conservation Agriculture Operations (Technology, Power, Land, Water, Seed, Labour, Conservation)Crop maintenance (Power, Inputs, Labour and losses)Paradigm shifts allowing change from subsistence to business farmingSocial Capital: Order, Trust & Network Efficiency (FFS with Market)Financial capital and access to the sameHuman Capital: Knowledge conversion to Information
High Drudgery, High Labour, High Power, Low income &wealth
Market operations:
Brokers and even MungikiInfrastructure: roads, coolers, collection points, processors, etc.Logistics,Transport & efficiency: access & means, distances, handling & haulage sanitation & damage,
Harvest and post-harvest performance:
Work performance in handling and processing.
Little or no opportunity for value addition Storage lossesTransport losses.Value addition opportunity,
Heavy losses of hard earned produce
Amorphous market links and systems: Raw produce. High Income
Numerous Value-Chain Business Issues
Interventions that make business
sense
Rural Access to Inputs …
Biogas Slurry Systems
CA is not complete without energy and water access issues addressed
From Farms to Markets: Mercenary Brokers take the Profit (Ethical Trade?)
Donkey Transport: Human vs Animal Welfare Issues
Higher value crops mean Perishables at a rural collection points hauled over Difficult Infrastructure: 50% Transport cost of Fruit & Veg in Supermarket!
Renewable Energy is the 4th World Revolution
Model CA Demo-Farm: 5 Acres Employing 360 WomanHours per week
Gathering the Harvest for weighing and transport to market
Disabled Persons
Hort. Farmer Groups
Rice Market Women
Donkey Users Clubs
Boda-boda boys
Single Mothers
Community PARLIAMENT
Partners and Collaborators(KENDAT, MKG, FRIGOKEN, KHE,
FARMChem, AMIRAN, etc.
Farmer Field Schools
Church Groups
Community Parliaments Model
CABINET
Busia: BIAMF
Mwea: MTMO
Lari: LAMP
Kalama: KDUC
KENDAT/KHE Group Chairpersons: Collaboration: Some 2000 farmers out to save US$ 319,000 per month (Ksh 15000/acre) in water alone
Farmers Moving Technology and practices to own farms…
Agribusiness Health-Centres
Contributors inputs:• CA needs thorough training of extension
workers: to learn to do the right things at the right time.
• One size does not fit all: Innovation systems go beyond technical to social and institutional
• Diverse, highly flexible and iterative approaches to CA development and diffusion need to fit willingness, skills and experiences of local stakeholders.
Contributors input contd…• Permanent soil cover is most important. Ratio
of C:N is a constant, C storage implies more N, which is deficient in most African soils.
• Tap into success of cover-crops in Mozambique and Swaziland
• Non-food cover crops have little chance of acceptance
• CA must be seen in the context of Climate Change, particularly important for Africa
Contributors input contd:
• Land sizes are decreasing: Advance improved hand equipment and tools to replace hoes and ploughs
• Agricultural mechanization for smallholders is best driven by trained service hirers, including the youth as private hirers
• CA Governments Policy NOW or Perish
Way Forward• An ACT that is an Authority and Aggressive
Marketer of CA interventions at all levels.
• An ACT that has a stakeholder approved Strategic Plan, bringing us together to scale-up ventures, around old & new partnerships.
• An ACT that provides information and data, calling on country and international actors to participate in resource mobilization and project activities (Dulla).
• An ACT that strives to influence policy towards more centralized support at national, regional and international levels (Shetto).
Acknowledgements• Anne Bruntse - Infonet-BioVision
• Fred Kanampiu – CIMMYT
• Ademir Calegari – IAPA (Brazil)
• Barney Muckle – Triple W Engng
• Janet Oyuke – Min of Ag (Kenya)
• Wafula Mutoro – Min of Ag (Kenya)
• Wells Kumwenda – Malawi
• Bernard Triomphe – CIRAD
• Among others
Ahsanteni sana!