Educated unemployment

INTRODUCTION

Most of the economies of the world suffer from the problem of

unemployment. The problem unemployment in under developed countries

is basically different from that in developed countries. Generally speaking

the term unemployment denotes a condition of joblessness at the current

wage rate. When caused by the in capacity of the economic system, it is

called ‘involuntary unemployment’. In field of economic analysis, the term

unemployment has generally come to mean ‘involuntary unemployment’.

The phenomenon of the unemployment or “surplus labour” is

caused in the Keynesian system due to decline in the effective demand

while in under developed economics it is caused by the low per capita

means of production (i.e., capital and labour). The adoption of inferior

occupation by those who are not able to get employment (at the current

wage rate) such that the marginal productivity in these occupations is

lower than that in the rest of the economy characterizes the phenomenon

disguised unemployment.

Industrial backwardness of the states, together with the limited

scope for absorption of more workers in agriculture and the considerable

dependence on contractual employment, has led to large-scale and

gearing unemployment. Such unemployment is acute among two

categories of the population, agricultural laborers and educated segments,

but it is extensive also among other section of the population.

Educated Unemployment- A case study of Thodiyoor Panchayath 1

From social point view, unemployment means wastage of the

precious labour resources of the country. For an individual, unemployment

is a painful and demoralizing experience. Employment to be gainful and

sustainable has to be productive in character. Unemployment is a

multidimensional phenomenon in India. It is not restricted to be one sector

or group of population. Instead, it is a wide spread disease touching

almost every segment of the society.

Unemployment is an important problem affecting India. In the Indian

development planning growth was concerned as essential condition for

improving employment opportunities. The recent experience of growth has

not been employment friendly. Various observations made and revealed

that reforms are worsening unemployment situation. The growth of

organised sector is not absorbing growing labour. Even labour force

actually grew at a low rate in the reform period. Labour force growth will

still be higher in the future.

To understand the concept of unemployment it is necessary to

understand the concept of labour force cannot be unemployed. By the

internationally accepted definitions, all persons who are deemed to be in

the labour force. Correspondingly all those who are not working and the

neither seeking nor available for work are considered outside the labour

force and hence do not figure in employment or unemployment. The

growth rate of labour force is determined partly by the age structure of the


population and the sex specific labour force participation rate that can be

expected to obtain.

UNEMPLOYMENT IN KERALA

Unemployment in Kerala has been higher and increasing among

both men and women. Also the problem of unemployment in Kerala is

primarily the problem of educated unemployed among both men and

women. The educated unemployment is very serious and menacing

problem. The rate of unemployment in Kerala is very high, it may also be

pointed out that urban rates of unemployment are far higher than rural

ones and unemployment among female labour force is much above male

labour force. The causes of educated unemployment are defective

educational system with its theoretical bias, ‘educational inflation’, lack of

aptitude and technical qualification to various types of works among job

seekers and the maladjustment between demand and supply of educated

workers.

The number of job seekers in the live registers of employment

exchange in Kerala is pushing at the 38 lakhs. The total number of

educated unemployment youth on the live registers stood at 37.9 lakhs in

2004, a sharp increase of 1.56 lakhs over 1 year. The number of educated

unemployment in the state had shown a remarkable decline between 2002

& 2003 and then sharp increase during the year 2004.


A peculiar feature of Kerala’s unemployment situation is that

women out number of men seeking employment through employment

exchange. Especially the incidence unemployment among educated

women more in Kerala. Out of the total registered unemployment job in

Kerala. Out of the total registered unemployment job seekers of 38 lakhs

in Kerala women are 23 lakhs.

The Kerala model of development host of high level of social

development entered among women and children. Though the levels of

educated women have increased over the years the induction of educated

women into employment is limited. The trends of low per capita income

and initiating a high standard of living have led educated to take on the

dual role of home maker and supplemented of family income. Therefore it

becomes necessary to analyze the trends of correlation between

education among women and unemployment.


REVIEW OF THE LITRATURE

Unemployment is the most crucial socio-economic problem in

Kerala. It cannot be explained in a simple way. Studies relating to the

problem of educated unemployment in Kerala are limited.

Mark Bluag, Richard Layard and Mauren Woodhel in their work, in

their work, in causes of unemployment in India (1969) remarks that the

educated unemployment is caused by market imperfections. This

phenomenon is not due to over investment in education. There must be

steps to correct the market imperfections. As a remedy, there must be

active manpower policies. These manpower policies should aim at skill

formation among the educated people.

Gareth Williams, Tessa Blackstone and David Malcalf in their joint

work (The academic labour market economic and social aspects of

profession, 1974) make an opinion that the collection of homogeneous

labour market becomes out of fashion. The labour markets become more

specialized and professional qualifications of various kinds increasingly

becomes necessary condition of entry of all kinds of occupation.

Raj Krishna suggested a few criteria by which a person may be

called unemployed or under employed. According to him, there four major

criteria for which a person may be called unemployed. The first one is time

criterion according to which a person may be called unemployed or under

employed. If he has gainfully occupied during the year for a number of


hours or days. Dr. Raj Krishna has not specified has to what constitutes

full employment hours or days.

The second one is that of the income criterion. A person is

considered to be unemployed if he earn an income per year less than

some desirable minimum. According to Raj Krishna, the income criterion

can be useful to policy planner in deciding on the employment generating

plan must b given to those who are unemployed and below the poverty

line as well.

The third criterion is that of the willingness criterion. A person may

be called underemployed if he is willing to do more work than he is doing

at present. Such a person may either be actively searching for more work

or be available for more if it is offered to him on terms to which he is

accustomed.

The fourth criterion is the productivity criterion, a person may be

called unemployed or underemployed if he is removable from his present

employment and his removal would not reduce the total output.

STATEMENT OF THE STUDY

Educated unemployment is a burning issue in Kerala. The case

study of Thodiyoor panchayath shows that the problems of Educated

Unemployed Youths have been sufficiently considered.


RELEVANCE OF THE STUDY

The study on unemployment among educated youths. A

case study of ‘Thodiyoor Panchayath’ gains more relevance in the state of

Kerala due to the high literacy rate obtained among the other Indian

states. However the state Govt. is unable to generate sufficient

employment opportunities for this section of the population leading ‘to

brain drain in the economy.

Hence, this study focused an examining the level of unemployment

among the educated youth of the Thodiyoor Panchayath and to study the

role played by SHG and the schemes formulated by the Panchayath for

providing employment opportunities.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

1. To examine the level of the employment among thee educated

youths in Thodiyoor Panchayath.

2. To assess the role of self help group (SHG’s) in the removal of

educated unemployment in the Panchayath.

3. To analyze the various programmes and schemes of the

panchayath for the reducing unemployment.


METHODOLOGY

Data is collected from both primary and secondary sources. Primary

data is collected through the issue the questionnaire to 50 families

belonging to the Thodiyoor Panchayath to assess the number of youths

employed. Secondary data was collected from Panchayath officials and

staff about the various programmes. The activities and implemented for

the removal of unemployment problem. Programmes of SHG are also

obtained from that Thodiyoor Panchayath.

LIMITATIONS

1. Time constraint

2. Lack of co-operation on part of respondents

3. Travel expenses.


EDUCATED UNEMPLOYMENT IN KERALA

According to Labour Bureau’s “Third Annual Employment and

Unemployment Survey 2012-2013” released on (November 29, 2013)

unemployment rate amongst illiterate youth is lower than educated youth.

A comparison with the earlier report by labour bureau shows that the

unemployment level among this category has increased during 2012-2013

compared to 2011-2012.

While unemployment rate among illiterate youth is lowest i.e. 3.7%

among the age group 15-29 years at all India level in 2012-2013. The

unemployment rate in the same category was reported to be 1.2% in

2011-2012 report.

Similarly the unemployment among the graduate youth that

happened to be 19.4% in 2011-2012 which increase to 32 percent during

2012-2013. As stated in the report thee unemployment rate amongst the

educated youth reportedly increased with increase in their education level

(amongst all age group viz, 15-24 years, 18-29 years and 15-29 years).

Similarly in rural areas the unemployment rate among graduates

and above for the age group 15-29 years, was 36.6% whereas in urban

areas it was 26.5%.


Lack of migration is one of the main reasons for the low

employment in rural areas, on employment rate amongst rural youth is

higher because most of adequately skilled ones migrated to urban areas

and successfully get a job while the rest get involved in anything available

that is non permanent.

INDIAN SCENARIO

India’s educated youth’s are facing some serious issues like

educated unemployment and underemployment currently in India. We

have fairly low inflation but unemployment is high in particular, educated

unemployment is very high. It is around 20% among graduates. One

suspects that political instability in the country, lack of entrepreneurship,

lack of quality education and quality students for instance in the result of

excessive unemployment.

Bad education is hurting the economy. Recently Mr. Kapil Sibal has

tried to de-affiliate some of the colleges. Colleges play a very vital role in

making quality standards. If colleges provide quality education the

scenario would be better. There are many private and old Government

Colleges which fail to do this and hence produce less skilled graduate.

Opening of more private engineering colleges are adding fuel to the

unemployment problem.


EDUCATED UNEMPLOYMENT

A characteristic feature of unemployment in developing countries is

high incidence of unemployment among young and educated people.

Urban unemployment is the lack of job opportunities for the educated

people. The NSSO survey results suggest that the rate of unemployment

is very high among young people belonging to the age group 15-29 years.

Nearly 32.3% of young males and 45.8 of young females are unemployed

in Kerala.

Table 2.1

Unemployment rates among youth in Kerala (Currently daily status)

Category

Age group ( Years)

15-19 20-24 25-29 15-29

Rural 43.7

50.645.9

44.748.445.7

32.653.838.9

30.361.341.8

26.433.828.5

15.738.822.7

32.345.836.3

26.650.434.3

MaleFemalePerson

Urban

MaleFemalePerson


The incidence of unemployment was found very high in the age

group 15-19 years. The incidence of youth unemployment is very high

both in rural and urban areas. More than one third of the young labour

force in rural and urban areas in Kerala is unemployed.

Another characteristic feature of unemployment in developing

countries is high incidence of unemployment among educated people. The

NSSO survey show that one fourth of educated labour force in urban

areas is unemployed based on usual principal status.


A CASE STUDY OF EDUCATED

UNEMPLOYMENT IN THODIYOOR PANCHAYTH

Thodiyoor Gramapanchayath is one of the most important areas of

Kollam District. The total population of the area is 65048. The majority of

the people are educated, but they are job seekers. Some people are

working in cashew factories and others are manual workers. Educated

unemployment is the major unemployment issue prevailing in the

Panchayath. PG Holders and degree holders are deprived of proper

employment.

AGE COMPOSITION

Table 3.1

Age group of sample respondent

AGE GROUP NUMBER OF RESPONDENT

PERCENTAGE

15-20 3 6

20-25 6 12

25-30 18 36

Above30 23 46

Total 50 100

The table gives information about the age category of the

respondents selected. This study says, majority of the respondents lie in


the age group above 30year (46%) followed by (25-30) age group (36%)

and (15-20) comes is the least (6%).

EDUCATIONAL STATUS

Table 3.2

LEVEL OF EDUCATION

NUMBER OF RESPONDENT

PERCENTAGE

HSE or equivalent 10 20

Graduates 15 30

Technical 9 18

Professional 9 18

SSLC 7 14

TOTAL 50 100

Source: Survey data

The table 3.2 shows majority of the sample respondents are

graduates only. 18% of the respondents as technically are professionally

skilled.


INCOME EARNINGS

Table 3.3

Age group of sample respondent

INCOME RECEIVED NUMBER PERCENTAGE

Below 1000 8 16

1000-3000 22 44

Above 3000 20 40

Total 50 100

Source: Survey data

The table shows that the monthly earnings of the unemployed

mainly lie in between (1000-3000) only (40%) can reach the level of above

3000. Another (16%) getting income below 1000. This reveals that the

economic status of unemployment group is pathetic.


SELF EMPLOYED GROUPS

Table 3.4

Number of Self employed Groups

CATEGORY NUMBER PERCENTAGE

Self employed 27 57.5

Non-self employed 23 42.5

Total 50 100

Source: Survey data

The above table 3.4 gives an idea about the number of self

employed groups. Out of 100% 57.5 percentage is covers self employed

and the remaining 42.5% non-self self employed groups. This shows that

the people have the potentially to undertake the ventures spontaneously.

MEMBERSHIP IN SELF SERVICE GROUPS


Table 3.5

Number of self service Groups


Members 26 55

Not members 24 45

Total 50 100

Sources: Survey data

This table shows about the number of members in self service

group. Out of 40 respondents 22 have membership in self service group,

and remaining 18% are not members of self service group, in addition to

the self service group. People are also engaged in some other kinds of

actions mainly casual work.

UNEMPLOYMENT ERADICATION PROGRAMMES OF THE

PANCHAYATH


Table 3.6

Unemployment eradication programmes of the Panchayath

SerialNo.

Unemployment programmes of Panchayath

1. Small Scale Industry

2. Self services Group

3. Increasing standard of eradication programmes

4. Training for nursing

5. Training for handicraft marketing

6. Vocational training

7. Computer training programmes

8. Sewing centre

9. Training for driving

These tables illustrate the major unemployment scheme of the

panchayath had given birth to different by targeting the unemployed group.

Now the Panchayath is providing multifarious scheme as training for

nursing, Vocational training, Computer training programmes etc…for

giving better living status of the unemployed group.


BENEFICIARIES OF UNEMPLOYED PROGRAMMES

Table 3.7

Beneficiaries of unemployment programmes


Beneficiaries 35 70

Non beneficiaries 15 30

TOTAL 50 100

Source: Survey data

This table clearly narrates the strength of beneficiaries of

unemployment scheme organised by Panchayath 70% are getting

financial assistance/aid from the Panchayath. Only 30% are not availing

any privileges. It shows that Panchayath is providing different scheme to

satisfy the needs of unemployed group.


LEVEL OF EFFICIENCY IN THE EXECUTION OF

UNEMPLOYMENT

Table 3.8

Beneficiaries of unemployment programme


Good 30 30

Bad 18 36

Not bad 2 4

TOTAL 50 100

Source: Survey data

This table gives out the fact that the unemployment scheme of

Thodiyoor Panchayath are functioning efficiency and effectively (60%) but

certain projects are not getting more appreciation from the beneficiaries

(36%) only (4%) opinioned not bad. It implies that panchayath is exercising

much propriety in the administration of fund.


DURATION FOR GETTING EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES

Table 3.9

Duration for getting employment opportunities

DURATION NUMBER PERCENTAGE

1-5 months 18 36

6-10 months 22 44

Above 10 months 10 20

Total 50 100

This table shows the average period to be waited by the people is

order to get an employment opportunity of setting up by Panchayath. The

data analysis given the information that people have to wait for a minimum

period of 1-5 monthly (36%) and 5-10 months (44%) respectively. But in

certain projects there are period of more than 10 months delay to avoid

benefits there from. This points out that there is some sort of red-tapism in

the execution of project work initiated by the Panchayath.

NATURE AND PERIOD OF TRAINING PROGRAMMES OF

PANCHAYATH


Table 3.10

Nature and period of training programmes of panchayath

TRAINING PROGRAMMES OF

PANCHAYATH

DURATION

Vocational Training 1 Year

Training of Nursing 6 Months

Computer training programmes 3 months

Training for hand craft 3-4 Months

Sewing training Centre 3 Months

Training for driving 1-2 months

The table evidences the nature and period of training programmes

of Thodiyoor panchayath. Several training programmers are implemented

by Panchayath like Vocational training, Training for Nursing, Computer

training programme, Training for driving. Among the Vocational training

takes one year duration, Nursing training takes 6 month duration and the

items makes 3-4 months duration. Thus the study says, the Panchayath is

organizing massive training Programmes to equip the people especially

engaged in self employed group and self service group.

LIVING STATUS OF UNEMPLOYED GROUPS

Table 3.11


Living status of unemployed groups

STATUS NUMBER PERCENTAGE

Good 12 24

Average 19 38

Bad 13 26

Very Bad 6 12

Total 50 100

This table list out the living status of unemployed group. Only (38%)

can lead a satisfactory level of life. Another (12%) living conditions in

pathetic. Only (24%) led comparatively good life. If reveals the fact that

unemployed person are struggling is their family to discharge their function

properly.

FUNCTIONING OF GRAMASABHA


Table 3.12Subject matter being transacted in Gramasabha

SUBJECT MATTER NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Local Development

matter

6 12

Introduction of

different scheme 28 56

Financial aid 12 24

General things 4 8

Total 50 100

The table gives an idea about the subject matters that is to be

transacted to Gramasabha. The majority of the people (56%) reveal that

there is a need for introduction of different schemes. The second group

(24%) is of the opinion that there is a need for more financial aid. From the

above description the researchers understood that Panchayath noticed to

introduce different schemes to decrease the rate of unemployment and

also they have to allow some financial aid for the self employment group.

FINANCIAL AID TO EDUCATED UNEMPLOYED PERSON

Table 3.13


Financial Assistance for the execution of the project comes under self employment scheme

SOURCE OF FINANCE

NUMBER OF RESPONDENT

PERCENTAGE

Direct Finance (own

fund)

8 16

IRDP 7 14

JRY 8 16

TRYSEM 11 22

DWCRA 7 14

Other approval scheme 9 18

Total 50 100

The table shows about the role of financial assistance for the

execution of project under self employment schemes 22% of them are

saying that finance should be allocated from JRY, 14% an 18% are saying

that the sources of finance is better from DWCRA and other approved

schemes respectively and 16% points out towards direct financing and

others to other schemes. The different schemes for the eradication of

employment are financial by different schemes of funds such as IRDP,

JRY, and TRYSEM etc…. The Panchayath should exercise sufficient

degree of propriety in their fund administration. So that they can implement

various project is a successful way.

PROBLEMS OF UNEMPLOYMENT GROUP

Table 3.14


Problem faced by the unemployment group

SOURCES OF FINANCE

NO. OF RESPONDENT

PERCENTAGE

Finding difficult to both

ends meet

20 40

Fails to provide good

education to children

8 16

Problems face by the

society

12 24

Create mental

depression

5 10

To engage in anti-

social activities

2 4

Others 3 6

Total 50 100

The above table shows the evidence about various difficulties or

problem faced by the unemployment group. The analysis gives as an idea

that (40%) of them are finding difficult to meet both ends 24% are under

problems faced by the society. 16% are faced to provide good education

to the children’s 40% are engaged in antisocial activities and other

problem respectively. So the analysis evidences that majority of the

unemployment groups are facing social as well as mental difficulties in

their really struggling lives.

SPECIAL PROGRAMMES FOR UNEMPLOYED


Unemployed results in low purchasing power, less demand for

goods and services reduce in their production leads to low investment and

economic development which leads to increasing unemployment. In order

to check the rapid growth of unemployment, a number of employment

packages were announced for existing unemployed. Steps have also been

taken to create more jobs. The entire employment packages are not

specifically for educated unemployment. Generally unemployed can get

benefit through these employment packages.

TRAINING OF RURAL YOUTH FOR SELF EMPLOYMENT

(TRYSEM)

In order to make the IRDP more successful, the TRYSEM Scheme

was initiated in 1979 to provide technical skill to rural youth from families

below poverty line, to enable them to take up self employment. It has two

components namely training to youth in the age group of 18 to 55 years.

After going through successful training they receive a combination of

subsidy and institutional credit under the IRDP Programme.

In 1992 to 1993 against a target of 7570 youth, 7919 youths were

trained at which 1583 youths were assisted for starting own enterprises

and 3586 youths were engaged in wage employment. In 1996 to 1997

there is decline in this level compared to 1990 to 1993. Against 6080

largest, 5036 have been trained and 1234 youths have been assisted for

starting enterprises and 3172 were engaged in wage employment.


The Government has taken several a steps to provide employment

to unemployment persons including youth in the country. 11 th five year

plan aims at creating 58 million work opportunities through normal growth

process and by implementing various employment generation

programmes, such as Prime Minister’s Employment Generation

Programmes (PMEGP).

Swarna Jayanthi Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY) and Mahatma

Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) in the

rural areas beside entrepreneurial development programmes run by the

Ministry of micro, small and medium enterprises.

PRIME MINISTER’S EMPLOYMENT GENERATION PROGRAMME

(PMEGP)

A credit linked subsidy programme being implemented since 2008-

2009 by Ministry of micro, small and medium enterprises. Aims at

generating self employed opportunities through establishment of micro

enterprises by organizing traditional artisans and unemployed youth.

During the year 2010-2011, 30,729 units were assisted and 2.85 lakhs

persons provided employment up to 10 th February 2011 and Rs. 592,66

crore have been provided as margin money till January 2011.


SWARNA JAYANTHI GRAM SWAROZGAR YOJANA (SGSY)

It is holistic self employment schemes which aim at provided

sustainable income to rural BPL families through income generating

assets/economic activities so or to bring them out of poverty line. During

2010-2011 up to January, 2011, Rs 1880 crore has been released by the

Central government and 1485 lakhs Swarozgaries have been assisted.

MAHATHMA GANDHI NATIONAL RURAL EMPLOYMENT

GUARANTEES ACT (MGNREGA)

Provides for enhancement of lively hood security of the household

in rural areas of the country by providing at least one hundred days of

guaranteed wage employment in every financial year to every household

whose adult members volunteers to do unskilled manual work. Rs

32177.04 crores have been released as Central fund in the current

financial year till 22.02.2011 and 158.58 crores of person days

employment was generated up to January 2011.


A SUMMARY ON FINDINGS, SUGGESTIONS AND CONCLUSION

FINDINGS

1. All the employment packages are not meant for educated

unemployment.

2. The unemployment rate in this Panchayath was higher i.e., 30%

among the graduates than among persons with the secondary

school certificate holders i.e., 20%.

3. The average monthly income of 44% unemployed groupings is

between Rs 1000 & 3000. While 16% of respondents earn below

Rs 1000/-

4. 57.5% of respondents are members of self employed groups

5. 55% of respondents are members of self service groups.

6. 70% of respondents avail financial assistance from the Panchayath

7. 60% of respondents have good opinion about effective

implementation of unemployment schemes while 36% were

dissatisfied.

8. 44% of respondents were of the opinion that the duration of getting

employment opportunity via Panchayath spans between 6-10

months.

9. Few people among unemployed group engaged in antisocial

activities.

10.The unemployed groups are really struggling in their lives to

discharge their duties.


SUGGESTIONS

1. Panchayath should set up new projects by targeting educational

unemployed group.

2. The lag perceived for proving employment opportunities should

be reduced.

3. Self service group and self employment service should be

strengthened by ensuring more participation of the people.

4. Panchayath should take some effective policies to enhance the

economic status of unemployed group.

5. Panchayath should seriously consider the living condition of

certain unemployed group by discouraging them from antisocial

activities.

6. The Panchayath should efficiently carryout the schemes/

projects of IRDP,JRY and TRYSEM

7. The duration of the training programme of the Panchayath

should be extended.

8. Panchayath should extend its service to female unemployed

group.


CONCLUSION

Educated unemployment in rural area has assumed alarming

proportion in recent times because of the lack of suitable employment

opportunities and lack of satisfactory salaries. The Government are not

interested is the unemployment situation in rural areas.

It is evident from forgoing analysis that the magnitude of

unemployment among the educated is more serious in Thodiyoor

Panchayath. So the Panchayath along with the private sector should

implement sufficient employment opportunities by developing the

agricultural, industrial and territory sector. The unemployment rating in this

Panchayath was higher among the graduated that among persons with

secondary school certificates holders. The Panchayath is organizing multi

various scheme for the eradication of unemployment and few unemployed

group are engaged in antisocial activities and the major suggestion is that

the Panchayath should extend it service hands to the female group. The

lag is perceived for providing employment opportunities. Self employment

service should be strengthening by ensuring more participation of the

people. Panchayath should seriously consider the living condition of the

unemployed people by discouraging from antisocial activities. The

Panchayath should effectively carry out the scheme projects of IRDP,

JRY, and TRYSEM.

The Govt. have adopted several welfare measures for higher

educated people in rural areas and the Govt. is also providing several

suitable job opportunities for higher educated people in rural areas.


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QUESTIONNAIRE

1. Name of the respondent :

2. Address :

3. Age :

4. Sex : Male Female

5. Religion :

6. Caste :

7. Marital Status :

8. Educational Qualification:

SSLC :

HSSE/ Equivalent :

Degree :

Professional/Technical :

9. Details of additional qualification

and training of any :

10.Year of Registration at the employment

exchange for the first time :

11.Are you employed or not : Yes No

12.Occupation of main earner in the family

Employed in Agriculture :

Public Sector :

Private Sector :

Retired People :


13.Monthly Income of your family

Below 1000 1000-3000 above 3000

14.Other sources of income or not

Yes No

15.Are you self employed or not

Yes No

16.Are you a member of it any self service group

Yes No

17.Which of the following jobs you like most

White collar jobs in public sector

Any regular jobs in public sector

Self employed jobs

Technical Jobs

Others

18.Details of job search in public or private sector?

19.Does the panchayath offer it any kind of unemployment

programmes?

Yes No


20.Are you beneficiaries of the unemployment scheme?

Yes No

21.Can you mention the various employment scheme offered by the

Panchayath from the following

Kudumbasree Unit

Animal Husbandry

Sewing service group

Driving school

22.Are you satisfied with the unemployment programmes provided by

the Panchayath?

If no, why? Yes No

23. Is your Panchayath have organised in any training programmes for

the improvement of self employed persons?

Yes No

24. Is your Panchayath had provide necessary arrangement for getting

financial assistance from bank or any other financial institution

Yes No

25.Do you think that the Gramasabha organized by the Panchayath

had provide any employment opportunities

Yes No


26. Is your Panchayath has more made any provisions for job

opportunities by marking any contact with non-government

organizations

Yes No

27.What are the factors attributes as reason of unemployment?

Personal General Others

28.Which is the main problem faced by in your family at present

situation?

29.What are the problems faced by the unemployment groups in your

Panchayath?

Family problems Financial Problems

Problem faced by society other problems

30.Do you have any suggestion about the unemployment scheme

getting more appreciation from the public?

Yes No
