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Jameson N. Estrada
Pangasinan State University
Pangasinan State UniversityLINGAYEN CAMPUS
Lingayen, PangasinanPANG
ASIN
ANSTATEUNIVERSITYPA
NGAS
INAN
STATEUNIVERSITY
1979
PREFACEEconomic Research I with the course code Econ 119A deals with the applications of various economic
research processes. The purpose of this course is to teach students how to conduct their own economicresearch and how to read with understanding the research that others have completed.
This worktext is intended for use by students of AB Economics program taking up the subject Econ119A with the objective of providing them with a comprehensive understanding about economic research.Likewise, it has been designed as an instrument for learning development and assessment, providingstudents with a practical approach to applying the knowledge learned in the lectures. Each worktextcovers exercises that is built upon the lessons of all the chapters with the following course outcomes:
1. Understand the nature, characteristics and purposes of economic research.2. Formulate an economic research problem or topic.3. Make a write-up of the research introduction including the background of the study,
statement of the problem, research hypothesis, signi�icance, scope and delimitation of thestudy.
4. Comprehend how to review related literature and related studies and develop theoretical andconceptual frameworks.
5. Make a write-up of the review of related literature and related studies.6. Analyze how to conceptualize the economic research design.7. Know how to construct the research instrument for data collection.8. Evaluate the validity and reliability of the research instrument9. Utilize the methods of selecting the research respondents including the sampling procedures.
10. Analyze the use of statistical tools and techniques for measurements and analysis of data.11. Make a write-up of the research methodology.12. Value and appreciate the ethical concerns in economic researches.13. Defend successfully the the economic research proposal.
Bear in mind that it takes sustained e�fort – and some dedicated patience – to study and learn thesubject. But, it is assured that the e�fort is well worth it. It is hoped this modest work helps you. So, thebest of luck as you begin your journey in answering the worktext exercises!
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 Introduction to Economic Research
4 Formulating the Research Problem
9 Making a Write-up of the Research Introduction
14 Researching for Review of Related Literature,
Related Studies and Theoritical Framework
18 Making a Write-up of the Review of Related
Literature and Related Studies
21 Conceptualizing the Research Design
24 Establishing the Validity and Reliability of the
Research Instrument
28 Selecting the Sample
31 Statistical Treatment of Data
35 Writing a Research Proposal
38 Research Ethics
T
PAGE CONTENT
1
WORKTEXT 1: Introduction to Economic Research Econ 119 – Economic Research Iwww.jamesonestrada.com
EXERCISE 1
Modified True or False. Determine if the following statements is true or false. If false, underline the word or phrase to make the statement correct. Write your answer on the blank provided after the question.
1. Economic research is a process investigating or finding solutions to scientific, social and economic queries and problems through objective and systematic analysis._____________________
2. Research is a logical and systematic search for new and useful information on a particular topic._____________________
3. A research is empirical if any conclusions drawn are based upon hard evidence gathered from information collected from real-life experiences or observations. _____________________
4. A systematic research implies that the procedures adopted to undertake an investigation follow a certain logical sequence. _____________________
5. According to Shuttleworth, research is a process of steps used to collect and analyze information to increase our understanding of a topic or issue. _____________________
6. Research provides the basis for nearly all government policies in our economic system._____________________
7. Macroeconomic research focuses on the study of the behavior of consumers and firms._____________________
8. Microeconomic research provides general perspective of economies, by studying economic aggregates, such as consumption, governments, interest rates and exchange rates. _____________________
9. To study economic problems, economists employ a process of theoretical investigation called the hypothesis. _____________________
10. The last step in scientific method is testing the hypothesis. _____________________
11. The use of statistics is not an integral part of an economic research. _____________________
12. Applied research attempts to explain why things happen whereas basic research tries to see how things can be changed._____________________
13. Quantitative research is based on the measurement of quantity or amount._____________________
14. Qualitative research is concerned with qualitative phenomenon relating to or involving quality or kind._____________________
15. How people feel or what they think about a particular subject or institution is a qualitative research._____________________
16. The measurement and analysis of the variables about which information is obtained in a research study are dependent upon the purpose of the study. _____________________
17. A research study classified as a descriptive study attempts to describe systematically a situation, problem or phenomenon. _____________________
18. The first state of research begins with literature survey and reference collection. _____________________
19. In an applied research, one solves certain problems employing well-known and accepted theories and principles. _____________________
20. Explanatory research attempts to clarify why and how there is a relationship between two aspects of a situation or phenomenon. _____________________
Republic of the PhilippinesPangasinan State UniversityLingayen Campus
WORKTEXT 1 : INTRODUCTION TO ECONOMIC RESEARCHEcon 119A – Economic Research I
NAME: _______________________________________ SCORE: ___________________________________
YEAR AND COURSE: ___________________________ DATE: ____________________________________
2
WORKTEXT 1: Introduction to Economic Research Econ 119 – Economic Research Iwww.jamesonestrada.com
EXERCISE 2
Classification. Identify whether each of the following could be likely considered as economic research. Write Y if yes and N if No.
21. Attitudes of students towards quality of teaching.___________
22. Relationship between stressful living and the incidence of heart attacks ___________
23. Effectiveness of a marriage counselling service on extent of marital problems ___________
24. Impact of maternal and child health services on infant mortality ___________
25. Effectiveness of an immunization program in controlling infectious disease ___________
26. The emigration of highly skilled labor and its impact on the local economy ___________
27. Factors affecting the productivity of construction workers ___________
28. Effect of family income on a student's academic performance ___________
29. Employee benefits and their impacts on unemployment rates in a province ___________
30. Effect of executive compensation on corporate performance ___________
31. Effects of nutritional labels and advertisements on the daily consumption of fat ___________
32. Factors affecting freshman admissions to a university ___________
33. Analysis of the increase in the number of single parent families ___________
34. Determining variables that explain variation in air quality in selected cities ___________
35. Underlying problems of crime rate in selected cities ___________
36. Analysis of the competitive nature of the smartphone industry ___________
37. Analysis of debt among households in a municipality ___________
38. Impact of oil prices on alternative energy sources ___________
39. Demand analysis for sheep meat in a particular country ___________
40. Determinants affecting the regional gross domestic product of a region ___________
EXERCISE 3
Classification. Determine the following economic questions as microeconomic research or macroeconomic research. Write MIR for microeconomic research and MAR for macroeconomic research.
41. What are the differences of entrepreneurial behavior in rural and urban areas? ___________
42. What are the economic contributions of top 50 IT firms located in a city? ___________
43. What determines the consumer demand for spa services? ___________
44. Why do consumers purchase life insurance? ________45. What is the expenditure patterns of tourists in the
Philippines? ___________
46. What is the price elasticity of demand for consumer electronics products? ___________
47. What is the role of social networks in supporting innovation activities? ___________
48. How efficient are the firms in the Philippine real estate?___________
49. What is the characterization of the Filipino manager and investors? ___________
50. How do interest rates affect consumption in a country?___________
51. Are mergers related to productivity in Philippine firms?___________
52. Can the dominant firm model be applied to the furniture retail industry in the Philippines? ___________
53. Does size affect profits of manufacturing firms?___________
54. What is the effect of peso depreciation in Filipinospending? ___________
55. What is the Philippine monetary policy over the last 25 years? ___________
56. What are the determinants of corporate debt in the Philippines? ___________
57. What is the effect of inflation on Filipino firms’ profits?___________
58. What are the similarities and differences in the demand of skilled and non-skilled labor? ___________
59. How does immigration affect employment and productivity? ___________
60. Is there a relationship between economic growth and unemployment in the Philippines? ___________
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WORKTEXT 1: Introduction to Economic Research Econ 119 – Economic Research Iwww.jamesonestrada.com
EXERCISE 4
Classification. Determine whether each of the following applies to qualitative research or quantitative research. Write QL for qualitative research and QN for quantitative research.
61. An examination of incomes of MBA graduates. ___________
62. Types of service provided by an advertising agency.___________
63. Determining the price of television ads. ___________
64. Regression analysis of household income and consumption ___________
65. The attitudes of workers towards management.___________
66. The health needs provide for the community.___________
67. The socio-economic characteristics of residents of a community. ___________
68. The economic effect of an advertising campaign on sale of a product. ___________
69. The impact of technology on productivity. ___________
70. Consumers’ likes and dislikes about a newly introduced product. ___________
71. The extent of occupational mobility among immigrants.___________
72. The behavior of agribusiness stakeholders towards the concept of agricultural marketing ___________
73. The problems faced by new immigrants in a certain city.___________
74. The unfair labor practices of local employers in a city.___________
75. The study of pricing and production in the textbook industry. ___________
EXERCISE 5
Classification. Determine what type of research based on objectives of study is represented in each of the following. Write descriptive research, correlational or explanatory research.
76. Hannah investigates the socio-economic characteristics of workers in the business processing outsourcing (BPO) sector. ___________
77. Marife determines the prices of Chinese goods sold in a city. ___________
78. Edwin examines the relationship between the level of income and level of health care expenditure of faculty members in a university. ___________
79. Kimchie Mae determines the economic profile of market vendors in terms of their average monthly profit and sources of capital. ___________
80. Jaira explores the various factors affecting the GPA ofeconomics students in a university. ___________
81. Sherna wants to know the number of people living in a poor barangay. ___________
82. Robylyn determines the impact of incentives on productivity of women rice farmers. ___________
83. Evangeline wants to find out the effects of commuting to school on AB Economics students’ academic performance. ___________
84. Sheila investigates the attitudes of workers towards fast food restaurant management. ___________
85. Reynald investigates why some farmers adopt these agricultural practices while others do not. ___________
86. Ronel identifies the problems faced by Person with Disabilities (PWDs) in a certain city. ___________
87. Mildred finds out why so some people drink milk tea while other do not. ___________
88. Lanny researches how technology createsunemployment or employment. ___________
89. Kris analyzes the effect oil price rollbacks on the economic sectors of Pangasinan. ___________
90. Bryan studies the travel habits of passengers commuting from Dagupan City to Manila. ___________
91. Mikee analyzes price elasticity demand for cigarettes among households in a community. ___________
92. Rogelio identifies the different marketing practices of swine raisers and traders in a region. ____________
93. Joshua studies the relationship between the level of demand of goat and the variables affecting the demand for goat. ____________
94. Angelica seeks to find out the opportunity cost of college education among dropouts in a certain university.____________
95. Christian finds out why some students are aware of E-learning and others are not. ____________
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WORKTEXT 1: Introduction to Economic Research Econ 119 – Economic Research Iwww.jamesonestrada.com
EXERCISE 6
In each of these economic cases, perform the scientific method by identifying and formulating its four steps.
96. The relationship between the price of milk tea and quantity demanded of milk tea.
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
97. The relationship between household income and consumption.
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
98. The effect of an advertising campaign on sale of baby diaper brand.
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
99. The relationship between the cost of production and supply of android tablets.
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
100. The relationship between Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and consumption spending of a country.____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
EXERCISE 7
Below is a general set of sequential components or various stages of economic research. Arrange these stages chronologically by indicating A as the first stage and J as the last stage. Write the answer on the blank after the statement.
101.Formulation of hypotheses __________
102.Selection of a research topic __________
103.Definition of a research problem __________
104.Literature survey and reference collection __________
105.Data analysis __________
106.Result __________
107.Research design __________
108.Assessment of current status of the topic chosen__________
109.Actual investigation __________
110.Interpretation of result __________
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WORKTEXT 2: Economic Research Problem Econ 119 – Economic Research I
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EXERCISE 1 Modified True or False. Determine whether each of the following statements is true or false. If false, underline the word or phrase to make the statement correct. Write your answer on the blank provided after the question.
1. Formulating a research problem is the first and most important step in the research process. ____________
2. Any question that you want answered and any assumption or assertion that you want to challenge or investigate can become a research problem or a research topic for your study. ____________
3. Potential research questions may occur on a regular basis, but the process of formulating them in a meaningful way is not at all an easy task. ____________
4. Interest should be the most important consideration in selecting a research problem. ____________
5. Objectives are the goals you set out to attain in your study. ____________
6. The main objectives are the specific aspects of the topic
that you want to investigate within the main framework of your study. ____________
7. It is important to articulate the objectives of your study clearly. ____________
8. When you define concepts that you plan to use either in your research problem and/or in identifying the study population in a measurable form, they are called working definitions or operational definitions. ____________
9. Independent variables answer the question "What do I change?” ____________
10. Dependent variable is the outcome or change(s) brought about by introduction of an independent variable. ____________
11. A nominal scale enables the classification of individuals, objects or responses based on a common/shared property or characteristic. ____________
12. In a ratio scale, the difference between the intervals is always measured from a zero point. ____________
13. Attribute variables cannot be manipulated, changed or controlled, and that reflect the characteristics of the study population. ____________
14. A hypothesis is a conjectural statement of the relationship between two or more variables. ____________
15. To test a hypothesis you need to go through a process that comprises three phases. ____________
16. A null hypothesis is a claim (or statement) about a population parameter that is assumed to be true until it is declared false. ____________
17. Type I error occurs where you reject a null hypothesis
when it is true and should not have been rejected. ____________
18. Acceptance of a null hypothesis when it is false is known as a Type II error. ____________
EXERCISE 2 Suppose you are working in the field of business studies. You can work at different levels: as a salesperson, sales manager or sales promotion executive. You may just want to find out the monthly fluctuation in the sales of a particular product, or you may be asked to develop an R&D strategic plan to compete for a greater share of the market for the products produced by your company. Formulate ten (10) necessary research questions that are applicable to your field of business study. Three examples are provided as your guide. Examples:
What is the best strategy to promote the sale of a particular product?
How many salespersons do I need? What is the effect of a particular advertising campaign
on the sale of this product?
19. ____________________________________________
20. ____________________________________________
21. ____________________________________________
22. ____________________________________________
23. ____________________________________________
24. ____________________________________________
25. ____________________________________________
Republic of the Philippines Pangasinan State University
Lingayen Campus
WORKTEXT 2 : ECONOMIC RESEARCH PROBLEM Econ 119A – Economic Research I
NAME: _______________________________________ SCORE: ___________________________________ YEAR AND COURSE: ___________________________ DATE: ____________________________________
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WORKTEXT 2: Economic Research Problem Econ 119 – Economic Research I
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EXERCISE 3 Classification. Determine what source of research problems is determined in each of these cases. Write people, problem, programme or phenomena.
26. The relationship between unemployment and street crime ___________
27. The effectiveness of the health promotion program of PhilHealth ___________
28. The extent of consumers’ satisfaction on car wash
services ___________
29. The profitability of multi-purpose cooperatives ___________
30. The impact of social networking sites on the educational achievement of students ___________
31. The attributes of a good economics teacher
___________
32. Salary discrimination in the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA) ___________
33. The pollution trend of industrialization in Metro Manila ___________
34. Determining the price of television ads on regional TV networks ___________
35. The acceptability of statistical mobile applications
___________
36. SM’s emergence as a shopping mall leader ___________
37. The cause and effects of automobile safety regulations ___________
38. The rural banking system in Pangasinan ___________
39. Spending determinants on life insurance ___________
40. Underlying economic problems of drug addiction in barangays ___________
EXERCISE 4 Classification. Determine whether each of the following is a concept or variable. Write C for concept and V for variable.
41. Effectiveness _____________
42. Income _____________
43. Satisfaction _____________
44. Profit _____________
45. Age and Sex _____________
46. Impact _____________
47. Extent of Seriousness _____________
48. Frequency of practice _____________
49. Sales _____________
50. Religion _____________
51. Expenditure pattern _____________
52. Unemployment _____________
53. Changes in GDP growth rate _____________
54. Prices of commodities _____________
55. Investment _____________
EXERCISE 5
Provide (relevant) measurable attributes for the following object/subject.
56. Extent of responsiveness ____________________________________________
____________________________________________
57. A consumer
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
58. Price
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
59. Unemployment
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
60. A market ____________________________________________
____________________________________________
61. A restaurant
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
62. Employees
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
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WORKTEXT 2: Economic Research Problem Econ 119 – Economic Research I
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63. Level of awareness ____________________________________________
____________________________________________
64. Students
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
65. Rural banks
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
EXERCISE 6 Classification. Identify which type of variable and relationship is represented by the following. Write D for dependent variable, and I for independent variable.
66. Smoking __________ Cancer __________
67. Economic growth Gross Domestic Product
68. Price __________ Quantity supplied __________
69. Monthly food expenditure__________
Monthly income __________
70. Total cost __________ Production volume __________
71. GPA __________ Study Time __________
72. Unemployment rate __________ Job fair __________
73. Mortality __________
Fertility __________
74. Productivity __________ Incentives __________
75. No. of crop yields __________
Amount of organic fertilizer __________
76. Quantity demanded __________ Price of a complementary good__________
77. Total gross sales __________
Amount of money spent on advertising __________
78. Number of major natural calamities __________ Annual profits of an insurance company __________
79. Quantity of retail spaces rented __________ Rental fee __________
80. Temperature __________ Milk tea sales __________
EXERCISE 7
Classification. For each of the following, determine whether the variable or data being measured is qualitative or quantitative. Write QL for qualitative and QN for quantitative.
81. Whether or not a smartwatch is defective __________
82. Sales of imported wines from France__________
83. Civil status of respondents __________
84. Time to commute from home to school __________
85. The level of customer satisfaction for a product __________
86. Models of 2015 smartphone brands __________
87. PSU student’s favorite TV programs __________
88. Salaries of Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) _________
89. Number of household appliances owned by families
__________
90. Monthly postpaid plan bills__________ EXERCISE 8 Classification. For each of the following, determine whether the variable or data being measured is discrete or continuous. Write D for discrete and C for continuous.
91. Amount of profit earned by bagoong producers. __________
92. Number of friends in Facebook __________
93. Household size __________
94. Preference between laptop and tablet __________
95. Annual budget of each municipality of a province.
96. Number of tourist destinations a tourist visited in a
year.__________
97. Market value of Philippine GDP in 2014 __________
98. Gross sales of 12 ice cream parlors in April 2014 __________
99. Number of supermarkets in Metro Manila __________
100. Average prices of condominium units in Makati City.
__________
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WORKTEXT 2: Economic Research Problem Econ 119 – Economic Research I www.jamesonestrada.com
EXERCISE 9
Classification. Identify which level of measurement is represented by the following data. Write N for nominal, O for ordinal, I for interval and R for ratio.
101. Monthly income of club members in a yoga class:P50,000–P150,000 __________
102. Course grades in any course: 1.0, 1.25, 1.5. 1.75. 2.0,2.25, 2.5, 2.75, 3.0 __________
103. Student’s sex whether male, female __________
104. Average monthly temperature in degrees Celsius inMetro Manila throughout the year __________
105. Highest educational attainment of survey respondents__________
106. Marital status of survey respondents __________
107. Age of the respondents in the survey __________
108. The socio-economic status of the respondents whetherupper, middle or low __________
109. The year in which the respondent was born __________
110. The voting intentions of the respondents in the surveyclassified as Pro, Anti, or Undecided __________
111. Performance rating of employees classified as AboveExpectations, Average Expectations, or BelowExpectations __________
112. The uniform number of each member on a sports team__________
113. A list of the graduating college students by class rank__________
114. Final exam scores for an economics class on a scale of0 to 100 __________
115. The municipality in which the respondents in a surveyreside __________
EXERCISE 10
State the null and alternative hypothesis of each of the following statements/claims.
116. The practice of certain sales promotion may increase themonthly gross sales of restaurant meals.
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
117. The significant relationship exists between the totalgross sales and the amount of money spent onadvertising by a telecommunications company.
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
118. There is a significant difference in the level ofpreferences on the types of credit preferred by theLingayen market vendors according to their profilevariables.
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
119. The incomes of household is related to their level ofconsumption spending.
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
120. There is a statistical significance between the socio-economic characteristics of swine raisers and theirmarketing practices?
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
121. The study time and extra-curricular activities may affectthe GPA of AB Economics students.
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
122. The amount of organic fertilizer used may increase thechange of having a significant increase in crop yields ofJNE Farms.
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
123. The level of demand for mangoes in 2015 are affectedby the non-price of determinants of demand.
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
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WORKTEXT 2: Economic Research Problem Econ 119 – Economic Research I www.jamesonestrada.com
124. At the 5% level of significance, one can conclude thatsex and owning a cell phone are related for all adults.
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
125. Testing level of significance whether the currentdistribution of opinions of students on social networkingsites is different from that for 2014.
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
EXERCISE 11
Go through the dissecting process by dissecting each of the following subject areas below into five subareas. As a guide, please see the following example.
Unemployment
Profile of unemployed individuals Reasons for being unemployed Socio-economic impact of unemployment Type of unemployment faced by unemployed individuals Problems encountered by unemployed individuals
126. Household Consumption____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
127. Labor Market for Economics Graduates____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
128. Milkfish Production____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
129. Productivity of Women Farmers____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
130. Consumer Preferences on Smartphones____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
131. Effect of Deflation ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________
132. Market Analysis of Strawberries ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________
133. Real estate industry ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________
134. Marketing Practices of Bagoong ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________
135. Healthcare Expenditures of Professionals ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________
EXERCISE 12
Formulate an economic research title statement using the following key words/phrases. Write the answer on the blanks provided for.
Ex. Labor Productivity of Women Rice Farmers in Pangasinan.
136. Productivity____________________________________________
137. Credit Card____________________________________________
138. Supermarket____________________________________________
139. Mobile Phones____________________________________________
140. Opportunity cost____________________________________________
141. Public Utility Buses (PUBs)
____________________________________________
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WORKTEXT 2: Economic Research Problem Econ 119 – Economic Research I www.jamesonestrada.com
142. Socio-economic Effects
____________________________________________
143. Health Care____________________________________________
144. Income____________________________________________
145. Consumer Satisfaction____________________________________________
146. Sari Sari Stores____________________________________________
147. Unemployment____________________________________________
148. Pangasinan State University – Lingayen Campus____________________________________________
149. Dagupan City, Pangasinan____________________________________________
150. AB Economics Students
____________________________________________
151. Market Vendors____________________________________________
152. Business Firms____________________________________________
153. Consumers____________________________________________
154. Local Government____________________________________________
155. Tourists____________________________________________
EXERCISE 13
Below are the relevant terms to be defined relating to the following economic research topic. Provide the operational definitions of these terms.
“Consumption and Income Analysis of Households in Lingayen, Pangasinan”
156. Consumption : ________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
157. Income : _____________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
158. Households : _________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
159. Household Size : ______________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
160. Food and Beverages : __________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
161. Sources of Income : ____________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
162. Family Type : _________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
163. Entrepreneurial activity: : _______________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
164. Occupation : ________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
165. Private transfer : ______________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
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WORKTEXT 3: Making a Write-up of Research Introduction Econ 119 – Economic Research I www.jamesonestrada.com
By working on your economic research topic, provide the write- up of the contents of the research introduction comprising the following:
Background of the Study Statement of the Problem Research Hypotheses Significance of the Study Scope and Delimitation of the Study Definition of Terms
ECONOMIC RESEARCH TITLE: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Write the background of the study. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
EXERCISE 1
Republic of the Philippines Pangasinan State University
Lingayen Campus
WORKTEXT 3 : MAKING A WRITE-UP OF RESEARCH INTRODUCTION Econ 119 – Economic Research I
NAME: _______________________________________ SCORE: ___________________________________ YEAR AND COURSE: ___________________________ DATE: ____________________________________
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WORKTEXT 3: Making a Write-up of Research Introduction Econ 119 – Economic Research I www.jamesonestrada.com
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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WORKTEXT 3: Making a Write-up of Research Introduction Econ 119 – Economic Research I www.jamesonestrada.com
Write the statement of the problem. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
EXERCISE 2
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WORKTEXT 3: Making a Write-up of Research Introduction Econ 119 – Economic Research I www.jamesonestrada.com
Write the research hypothesis/hypotheses. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Write the significance of the study. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
EXERCISE 3
EXERCISE 4
5
WORKTEXT 3: Making a Write-up of Research Introduction Econ 119 – Economic Research I www.jamesonestrada.com
Write the scope and delimitation of the study. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Write the definition of terms of the study. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
EXERCISE 5
EXERCISE 6
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EXERCISE 1 True or False. Determine if the following statements is true or false. Write T if it is true and F if it is false.
1. Literature review is a body of text that aims to review the
critical points of current knowledge including substantive findings as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic. ____________
2. A literature review usually precedes a research proposal and results section. ____________
3. Literature review does not provide a theoretical background to the study. ____________
4. Literature reviews are secondary sources, and as such,
do not report any new or original experimental work. ____________
5. Literature review brings clarity and focus to the research problem and improves research methodology. __________
6. The first step of the literature review involves the
identification of the various published and unpublished materials that are available on the topic of interest. ___________
7. Books, journals and internet are the three major sources to search for existing literature. ____________
8. An Internet search is carried out through search engines like Google and Yahoo. ____________
9. The most directly pertinent information to read in a literature review will usually come from from journal articles and research reports. ___________
10. A well-structured research methodology is characterized
by current and relevant references with consistent, appropriate referencing style. ____________
11. Theoretical framework consists of the theories or issues in which the study is embedded. ____________
12. A research paradigm is used in research to outline possible courses of action or to present a preferred approach to an idea or thought. ____________
EXERCISE 2
Classification. For each of the following, determine the type of data involved. Write P for primary data and S for secondary data.
13. Website of a company __________
14. Archives __________
15. Administering questionnaires to individuals __________
16. Observations from events and people __________
17. Censuses __________
18. Statistical bulletins __________
19. Government publications __________
20. Journals __________
21. Internet sources __________
22. Newspapers __________
23. Textbooks __________
24. Unpublished Theses__________
25. Focus groups __________ EXERCISE 3 Given the following bibliography, identify what particular data source of literature review and related studies is used. Write the answer on the blank provided for.
26. Bateman, T.S. and Strasser, S. (1984). A Longitudinal Analysis of the Antecedents of Organizational Commitment. The Academy of Management Journal, 27, (1), 95–112 __________________
27. http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/TeachingLib/Guides/Evalua
tion.html __________________
28. Lippman, S.S., and J.J. McCall (2001). "Information, Economics of," International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, pp. 7480–7486 __________________
Republic of the Philippines Pangasinan State University
Lingayen Campus
WORKTEXT 4 : REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES Econ 119A – Economic Research I
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29. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economics __________________
30. Van Herpen, E., Pieters, R. & Zeelenberg, M. (2009),
When Demand Accelerates Demand: Trailing the Bandwagon, Journal of Consumer Psychology, in press __________________.
31. Kiren, R.S. (1997). Medical advances and quality of life. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Omaha State University __________________
32. Forslund, Anders (2011) What active labor market policy works in a recession? Published masteral thesis, Stockholm, Sweden __________________
33. Jeanquart, S., & Peluchette, J. (1997). Diversity in the workforce and management models. Journal of Social Work Studies, 43 (3), 72–85 __________________
34. Yeshwant, M. (1998). Revised thinking on Indian philosophy and religion. In S. Pennathur (Ed.), Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Religion, (pp. 100–107). Bihar, India: Bihar University __________________
35. Bajaj, L.S. (1996, March 13). Practical tips for efficient
work management. Paper presented at the annual meeting of Entrepreneurs, San Jose __________________
36. Inflation in the economy worsens. (2013, July 28).
Philippine Daily Inquirer, p.16 __________________
37. Vandenberghe, C., Bentein, K. and Stinglhamber, F. (2002). Affective commitment to the organization, supervisor and work group: antecedents and outcomes. Journal of Vocational Behavior
__________________
38. Blanchard, Olivier (2006, 4th ed.). Macroeconomics, ch. 7, "Putting All Markets Together: The AS–AD Model," Prentice-Hall __________________
39. Freeman, R.B. (1987). "labour economics", The New
Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics, v. 3, pp. 72–76 __________________
40. Blaug, Mark (2007). "The Social Sciences: Economics,"
Microeconomics, The New Encyclopædia Britannica, v. 27, pp. 347–49. Chicago. ISBN 0-85229-423-9 __________________
41. Kendrick, J.; Creamer, D. (1965). Measuring Company
Productivity: A handbook with Case Studies. The National Industry Productivity Board __________________
42. Lipsitz, Lawrence, (Editor); Reisner, Trudi, The Computer
and Education, Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Educational Technology Publications, January 1973. Articles selected from Educational Technology magazine __________________
43. Preston, Rob (May 16, 2011). "Down To Business: Higher Education Is Ripe For Technology Disruption". InformationWeek (UMB): 60. Retrieved 2011-05-31 __________________
44. Christensen, Clayton M. (1997), The innovator's
dilemma: when new technologies cause great firms to fail, Boston, Massachusetts, USA: Harvard Business School Press, ISBN 978-0-87584-585-2 __________________
45. Reyes, Carlos S. (2011) Consumers' preferences for
sustainably-produced fruits and vegetables: the case of organic, local, and small farm. Unpublished masteral thesis, Benguet State University __________________
EXERCISE 4 Provide two internet sources or online references to each of the following economic topics for literature review.
46. Trends in the labor market. ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________
47. Cost-Benefit Analysis
____________________________________________ ____________________________________________
48. The impact of monopoly
____________________________________________ ____________________________________________
49. How are wages determined?
____________________________________________ ____________________________________________
50. Investing in a market economy
____________________________________________ ____________________________________________
51. Philippine stock market
____________________________________________ ____________________________________________
52. Benefits of international trade
____________________________________________ ____________________________________________
53. Causes and consequences of inflation
____________________________________________ ____________________________________________
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54. Local taxes and spending
____________________________________________ ____________________________________________
55. Poverty and Income Distribution
____________________________________________ ____________________________________________
EXERCISE 5 List one local and one foreign literature to the following economic research topics.
56. The role of tourism culture in promoting local employment.
____________________________________________ ____________________________________________
57. Social entrepreneurship in the Philippines
____________________________________________ ____________________________________________
58. How does job experience relate to entrepreneurship?
____________________________________________ ____________________________________________
59. How do habits and routines affect the productivity?
____________________________________________ ____________________________________________
60. The impact of oil price changes in the levels of
consumption ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________
61. The impact ASEAN integration to Philippine firms
____________________________________________ ____________________________________________
62. The economic contributions of small and medium
enterprises (SMEs) ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________
63. Factors affecting the self-employment in the Philippines
____________________________________________ ____________________________________________
64. The demand for peanut brittle in Baguio City ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________
65. Wage determination on clerical workers
____________________________________________ ____________________________________________
66. Supply of electric vehicles ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________
67. Impact of credit card Incentive packages on consumer borrowing ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________
68. Factors that influence hiring decisions for fresh
graduates ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________
69. Opportunity cost of college education
____________________________________________ ____________________________________________
70. Prices and competition among television manufacturers
____________________________________________ ____________________________________________
EXERCISE 6 Below are the past economic researches of the PSU AB Economics program. List one local and one foreign related studies for each of these researches.
71. Opportunity Cost of Overseas Filipino Workers in San Fabian Pangasinan ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________
72. Sunk Cost Analysis on Selected Business Venture in Lingayen, Pangasinan ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________
73. Religious Variables and Its Effect on Individual
Economic Growth
____________________________________________ ____________________________________________
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74. The Demand for Credit by Rice Farmers in Burgos, Pangasinan: Basis for Establishing a Farmer’s Credit Cooperative ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________
75. The Effects of Global Financial Crisis to Furniture
Business in Malindong, Binmaley, Pangasinan ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________
76. The Economic Condition of Philippine Veterans Soldiers
in Pangasinan ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________
77. Impact of Reformed Value-Added Tax on Business
Establishment in Poblacion, Lingayen, Pangasinan ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________
78. Socio-Economic Assessment of the Malingas Market in
Dagupan City, Pangasinan ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________
79. Profitability of Water Refilling Stations in Poblacion,
Lingayen, Pangasinan
____________________________________________ ____________________________________________
80. The Buying Preferences of Consumers in the City of
Alaminos ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________
81. Status of Extension Activities of the AB Economics
Program in PSU Lingayen ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________
82. Production and Marketing of Tupig in Selected Towns of
Pangasinan ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________
83. Productivity of Workers in Smoked Fish Industry in
Pangasinan ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________
84. Community Participation of Coastal Resource Management in Maniboc, Lingayen, Pangasinan ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________
85. Poverty and Its Determinants in Barangay Tonton,
Lingayen, Pangasinan ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________
EXERCISE 7 Given the following economic topics, write five (5) headings or themes for the review of related literature that are pertinent to the study.
86. Job Preference of AB Economics Graduates ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________
87. The Impact of Selected Determinants on Regional Gross Domestic Products of Pangasinan ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________
88. Dagupan's Influence on the Pangasinan Milkfish Market:
A Supply-Side Perspective ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________
89. An Economic Analysis of Downsizing and Firm Performance ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________
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90. The Effectiveness of Economic Policies on the PhilippineEconomy
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
91. Analysis of Salt Production: Farmer vs. Nature
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________92. The Impact and Contributions of Telecommunications on
Philippine Economic Growth.
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
93. Consumer Behavior of AB Economics Students onInternet Utilization
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
94. Elasticity Analysis for Second-Hand Clothing
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
95. The Relationship between Health Expenditure andIncome
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
EXERCISE 8
Compile a bibliography on any one of the following 10 topics from an economics perspective:
Economics of advertising Economics of climate change Economics of education Economics of healthcare Economics of marriage Economics of milk Economics of movies Economics of real estate Economics of smartphones Economics of tourism
From this bibliography, select 15 references that include books, periodicals, journals, internet sources, etc. Write them using the blanks provided for.
96. ____________________________________________
97. ____________________________________________
98. ____________________________________________
99. ____________________________________________
100.____________________________________________
101.____________________________________________
102.____________________________________________
103.____________________________________________
104.____________________________________________
105.____________________________________________
Based on these 15 articles, write a literature review using different forms of citation.
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
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___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________
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EXERCISE 9 The researcher recently examined, as part of an evaluation study, the extent of preparedness of the AB Economics students in PSU Lingayen on the concept of E-learning. Before evaluating the research, relevant literature pertaining to the use of E-learning was identified and reviewed. Through this review, many themes arose, which became the basis of developing the theoretical framework for the study. Out of all of this, the following themes were selected. Construct the theoretical framework for the evaluation study:
E-learning: what does it all about? Philosophies underpinning community responsiveness. The use and importance of internet Historical development of E-learning in the Philippines
and other countries. Approaches to E-learning services Indicators of success or failure of E-learning Difficulties in implementing E-learning. Attitude of students towards the use of E-learning
A. Construct the theoretical framework for the evaluation study: ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________
B. Illustrate the schematic diagram for the theoretical framework.
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By working on the economic research topic, provide the write- up of the contents of the review of related literature and related studies (Chapter 2) comprising the following:
Local Literature Foreign Literature Related Local Studies Related Foreign Studies Theoretical Framework Conceptual Framework Paradigm of the Study
ECONOMIC RESEARCH TITLE: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Write the review of local literature of your economic research. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
EXERCISE 1
Republic of the Philippines Pangasinan State University
Lingayen Campus
WORKTEXT 5 : MAKING A WRITE-UP OF REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES Econ 119A – Economic Research I
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___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Write the review of foreign literature of your economic research. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
EXERCISE 2
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Write the review of related local studies of your economic research. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
EXERCISE 3
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Write the review of related foreign studies of your economic research. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
EXERCISE 4
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Write the theoretical framework of your economic research. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Write the conceptual framework of your economic research. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
EXERCISE 5
EXERCISE 6
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Illustrate the paradigm of your study. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
EXERCISE 7
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EXERCISE 1 Modified True or False. Determine whether each of the following statements is true or false. If false, underline the word or phrase to make the statement correct. Write your answer on the blank provided after the question.
1. A research methodology is a plan, structure and strategy of investigation so conceived as to obtain answers to research questions or problems. _____________
2. A research design is a procedural plan that is adopted by the researcher to answer questions validly, objectively, accurately and economically. ____________
3. If the focus of a researcher is to measure the magnitude of the variation, the qualitative designs are more appropriate. ____________
4. Cross-sectional studies are the most commonly used research design in the social sciences. ____________
5. Longitudinal study design is the most appropriate design for measuring the impact or effectiveness of a programme. ____________
6. Prospective studies investigate a phenomenon, situation,
problem or issue that has happened in the past. ____________
7. The object of explanatory research is to portray an
accurate profile of persons, events or situations. ____________
8. Studies that establish causal relationships between
variables may be termed exploratory research. ____________
9. The nature of investigation refers to the level of
aggregation of the data collected during the subsequent data analysis stage. ____________
10. If the researcher is interested in studying two-person interactions, then triad will become the unit of analysis. ____________
11. If a relationship is studied in the first way, starting from the cause to establish the effects, it is classified as a non- experimental study. ____________
12. Longitudinal studies take more time and effort and cost more than cross-sectional studies. ____________
13. A study in which the researcher wants to delineate the cause of one or more problems is called a causal study. ____________
14. When the researcher is interested in delineating the important variables associated with the problem, the study is called a case study. ____________
15. Studies that engage in hypothesis testing usually
explain the nature of certain relationships and the independence of two or more factors in a situation. ____________
EXERCISE 2 Classification. Determine whether the following research design is most likely qualitative or quantitative study design. Write QL for qualitative research design and QN for quantitative research design.
16. Action research ___________
17. Cohort studies ___________
18. Case study ___________
19. Participant observation ___________
20. Control group design ___________
21. Holistic research ___________
22. Experimental design ___________
23. Feminist research ___________
24. Participatory design ___________
25. Cross-sectional study design ___________
26. Placebo design ___________
27. Retrospective study design ___________
28. Prospective study design ___________
29. Longitudinal study design ___________
30. Cross-over comparative experimental design ___________
Republic of the Philippines Pangasinan State University
Lingayen Campus
WORKTEXT 6 : ECONOMIC RESEARCH DESIGN Econ 119A – Economic Research I
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EXERCISE 3 Classification. Determine the research design to be used in each of these cases based on the purpose of the study. Write ER for exploratory study, DE for descriptive study and EN for explanatory study.
31. A women's volunteer organization wishes to know the significant factors that influence the advancement of women in some organizations in the Philippines. ___________
32. An MBA student interviewed managers to explore the nature of their managerial work. Based on the analysis of his interview data, he formulated theories of managerial roles, the nature and types of managerial activities, and so on. ___________
33. A survey wants to measure the quality of life of selected
households due to increase in Philippine GDP. Standard indicators of the quality of life include wealth and employment, built environment, physical and mental health, education, recreation and leisure time, and social belonging. ___________
34. A labor union wants to understand the concept of “quality work life”. After extensive interviews with various groups of workers, it was contemplated to encompass such factors as enriched jobs, healthy work environment, stress-free work relationships, job satisfaction, work role involvement, and other work-related factors. ___________
35. A firm manufacturing toiletries desires to obtain a thorough understanding of what it is that arouses emotive appeal for the product and induces people to buy toiletries. ___________
36. A supervisor wants to learn about the characteristics of a group of employees comprising the age, sex, educational level, civil status, job status, job level position, length of service and reason/s for accepting the job. __________
37. A student wants to know the profile of student leaders in
a university in terms of course, the percentage of who are in their senior and junior years, sex composition, age groupings, number of semesters left until graduation. ___________
38. A business owner wants to know the various sales
promotions practiced by franchise business competitors. ___________
39. An engineer needs to know the problems encountered by construction workers in a construction firm. ___________
40. A farm manager analyzes the significant relationship
between the utilization of old and new agricultural machineries on the crop yield of a vegetable farm. ___________
41. A bank manager wants to have a profile of the individuals
who have loan payments outstanding for four months and more. ___________
42. The manager of a corporation is curious to know if the
work ethic values of employees working in its subsidiary in Cebu in are different from those working in Manila. ___________
43. A farmers needs to investigate the relationship between
the number of acre planted of sweet corn and the total tons of sweet corn produced. ___________
44. A manufacturer of floor polish conducts a consumer-preference experiment to determine which of five different floor polishes was the most appealing in appearance. ___________
45. A university is comparing the total repair costs incurred
during the first three years on school infrastructure and facilities. ___________
EXERCISE 4 Classification. Identify the research design to be used in each of these cases based on the number of contacts with the study population. Write C for cross-sectional studies, B for before-and-after studies and L for longitudinal studies.
46. The consumer satisfaction of people consuming electricity or power service _____________
47. The extent of unemployment in a city _____________
48. The quality assurance provided by an organization _____________
49. The relationship between the commuting time and the
academic performance of a college student _____________
50. The relationship between expenditure on customer care training for sales assistants and sales revenue.
51. The attitude of the study population towards mining
operations in a province _____________
52. The consumer acceptance of NFA rice _____________
53. The reasons for travelling among local tourists _____________
54. The socio-economic-demographic characteristics of immigrants in the Philippines _____________
55. The effect of an advertisement on the sale of new product. _____________
56. The impact of increased funding on the quality of teaching in universities. _____________
57. The socio-economic impact of incentives on the
productivity of employees in a company _____________
58. The effect and effectiveness of cash transfer program by the government _____________
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59. The incidence of poverty for the last five years in a country. _____________
60. The faculty employees' behavior before and after a change in the top management in a university. _____________
EXERCISE 5 Classification. Identify the research design to be used in each of these cases based on the reference period with the study population. Write RE for retrospective study, PR for prospective study and RP for retrospective–prospective study.
61. To determine the living conditions of people in Pangasinan in the early twentieth century _____________
62. To find out the utilization of land of agrarian reform beneficiaries before the current administration _____________
63. To establish a historical analysis of economic reforms in the Philippines between 1987 and 2014 _____________
64. To analyze the relationship between levels of unemployment and street crime in Metro Manila _____________
65. To determine, under field conditions, the impact of maternal and child health services on the level of infant mortality _____________
66. To establish the effects of a counselling service on the extent of marital problems _____________
67. To determine the effects of child subsidies and pensions on fertility.
68. To find out the effect of involvement of friends on the level
of academic achievement of high school students _____________
69. To measure the effects of a change in migration policy on the extent of immigration in the Philippines _____________
70. To determine the impact of wage increase on the productivity of employees of an organization _____________
71. To identify the impact of maternal and child health services on the infant mortality rate _____________
72. To know the impact of political ads on the voting results of candidates in a senatorial election _____________
73. To measure the extent of impact on the academic performance of college students using Basic Economics coursebook _____________
74. To determine the factors affecting the agricultural loan decision-making process of rural banks. _____________
75. To realize the role of social interaction among consumers in the dissemination of trends _____________
EXERCISE 6
Classification. Identify the research design to be used in each of these cases based on unit of analysis.
76. The attitudes of different employee groups to be
compared for differences by personal profile variables _____________
77. The sexual relationship of live-in partners _____________
78. The profitability of Procter & Gamble wants to see which
of its various divisions (soap, paper, oil, etc.) have made profits of over 12% during the current _____________
79. The proportion of the workforce employed by the health
care, utilities, transportation, and manufacturing industries _____________
80. Determinants affecting the GDP of Asian countries
_____________
81. Analysis of husband–wife interactions in families _____________
82. An analysis of the gender composition of executive
boards affecting corporate profits _____________
83. The agricultural stakeholders involved in marketing potatoes _____________
84. The extent of seriousness of the problems on customer
service faced by fast food chains_____________
85. The supervisor–subordinate relationship in the workplace _____________
86. The performance evaluation of faculty members in
different departments in a university _____________
87. The spending patterns of selected cities on infrastructure programs _____________
88. The buying behavior of consumers purchasing at retail
stores _____________
89. The cultural differences among nations _____________
90. The pricing, sales, distribution, and advertising strategy for fresh tuna of a canning company _____________
EXERCISE 7 Classification. Identify the research design to be used in each of these cases based on the nature of the investigation. Write E for experimental, N for non-experimental and S for semi-experimental.
91. A economist conducts an study by analyzing the determinants affecting the GDP of Asian countries. _____________
92. An employment survey specialist wants to see the proportion of the workforce employed by the health care, utilities, transportation and manufacturing industries. _____________
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93. An agriculturist conducts the value chain analysis of
mangoes in a province. _____________
94. A healthcare professional finds out the usefulness of a drug such as azidothymidine (AZT) in treating people who are HIV-positive. _____________
95. A human resource manager analyses statistically allowed the attitudes of different employee groups to be compared for differences by age, gender, length of service, occupation and grade groupings. _____________
96. A CEO is interested to have a description of organizations in her industry that follow the FIFO system. _____________
97. An economic researcher is tasked to identify and analyze the various market failures in the Philippines. _____________
98. A manager of a massage parlor conducts a field
investigation on the effect of sexual arousal on decision-making. _____________
99. A stockholder would like to investigate the behavior of the Philippine stock market for the past two years. _____________
100. A school administrator analyzes the effect of tuition fee increase on enrolment among private and public universities in Pangasinan. _____________
101. A Chinese astrologer is studying the dragon year superstition in the Philippines. _____________
102. A real estate manager determines the effects of
government intervention on private residential housing in Metro Manila. _____________
103. A farm manager estimates the price elasticity of demand for onions in two periods – before and after the introduction of mechanical harvesters. _____________
104. A COMELEC officer, using election data, makes a study of the various factors influencing voting behavior.
105. An environmentalist studies the relationship between infant mortality and environmental mental conditions in a city.
EXERCISE 8 Classification. Identify the research design to be used in each of these cases based on the type of investigation. Write CA for causal study design and CO for correlational study design.
106. The smoking, drinking, and chewing tobacco are associated with lung cancer.
107. Increases in interest rates and property taxes slowed down the business of real estate agents in Metro Manila.
108. An Increase in consumer demand, a rebound in exports and investments, and election-related spending increased the Philippine GDP by 7.6% in 2010.
109. Fears of accidental death and dismemberment are instrumental in an unprecedented number of professionals in taking out a life insurance policy.
110. Supply of money in the economy causes inflation.
111. Structural unemployment occurs when a labour market
is unable to provide jobs for everyone who wants one because there is a mismatch between the skills of the unemployed workers and the skills needed for the available jobs.
112. Why some people seem to derive joy from work and get energized by it, while others find it troublesome and frustrating?
113. House price is to be blamed for the declining fertility in
a country. 114. Rainfall amount may affect the futures price of some
agricultural commodity.
115. Remittances affect the work and education outcomes of children.
EXERCISE 9 Below are two scenarios. Indicate how the researcher should proceed in each case by determining the following. A. The CEO and owner of JNE Supermart, a grocery store offering a wide variety of food and household merchandise, has hired a business consultant to tell her how her business is different from similar grocery businesses in Pangasinan with respect to availability of good items, shelf space, use of modern check-out machines, in-store displays of products, number of store personnel and workers, services offered, sales promotion and advertisement, sales volume, profit margin and so on.
116. Purpose of the study
117. Number of Contacts
118. Reference period
119. Type and nature of investigation
120. Unit of analysis B. The President of a state university is interested to know the level of satisfaction of students and faculty members on the impact of school policies implemented for the past two years. He asks the office of the VP for academic research to help him on conducting a study on this.
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WORKTEXT 6 : Economic Research Design Econ 119A – Economic Research I
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121. Purpose of the study
122. Number of Contacts
123. Reference period
124. Type and nature of investigation
125. Unit of analysis C. A student researcher is fascinated to know the extent of awareness and utilization on the use of statistical and mathematical mobile apps (Android and IOS) of students taking up AB Economics in a university.
126. Purpose of the study
127. Number of Contacts
128. Reference period
129. Type and nature of investigation
130. Unit of analysis
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WORKTEXT 9 : Statistical Treatment of Data Econ 119A – Economic Research I
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Statistics
One-tailed test
Cumulative frequencyAnalysis of variance
Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient
Statistical inference
Standard deviation
Goodness of fit testNull hypothesis
Mode
Normal probability distribution
Type I error
Frequency distribution
Correlation coefficient
Descriptive statistics
Weighted mean
Range
Skewness
Variance
Regression
Alternative hypothesis
Median
Chi-squared test
Coefficient of determinationLevel of significance
Percentile
Mean
Multiple linear regressionSimple liner regression
Type II error
EXERCISE 1 Identification. Match the following statements to the items inside
the box below. Write your answer on the blank provided for.
1. The art and science of collecting, analyzing, presenting, and interpreting data _________________
2. The tabular, graphical, and numerical summaries of data. _________________
3. The process of using data obtained from a sample to make estimates or test hypotheses about the characteristics of a population. _________________
4. A tabular summary of data showing the number (frequency) of items in each of several nonoverlapping classes. _________________
5. The mean obtained by assigning each observation a weight that reflects its importance. _________________
6. A measure of central location computed by summing the data values and dividing by the number of observations. _________________
7. A measure of central location provided by the value in the middle when the data are arranged in ascending order. _________________
8. A measure of location, defined as the value that occurs with greatest frequency. _________________
9. A measure of variability, defined to be the largest value minus the smallest value. _________________
10. A measure of variability computed by taking the positive square root of the variance. _________________
11. A measure of variability based on the squared deviations of the data values about the mean. _________________
12. A measure of the shape of a data distribution. _________________
13. A continuous probability distribution in which probability density function is bell-shaped and determined by its mean μ and standard deviation σ. _________________
14. A statistical test conducted to determine whether to reject a hypothesized probability distribution for a population. _________________
15. The hypothesis tentatively assumed true in the hypothesis testing procedure. _________________
16. The hypothesis concluded to be true if the null hypothesis is rejected. _________________
17. The probability of making a Type I error when the null hypothesis is true as an equality. _________________
18. A hypothesis test in which rejection of the null hypothesis occurs for values of the test statistic in one tail of its sampling distribution. _________________
19. The error of rejecting 𝐻0 when it is true.
_________________
20. The statistical technique for finding the best-fitting straight line for a set of data. _________________
21. A measure of linear association between two variables that takes on values between +1 and −1.
22. A regression model with one dependent and one independent variable that assumes a straight-line relationship. _________________
23. Any statistical hypothesis test in which the sampling distribution of the test statistic is a chi-squared distribution. _________________
24. A measure of the strength of linear dependence (correlation) between two variables. _______________
25. A collection of statistical models, and their associated procedures, in which the observed variance in a particular variable is partitioned into components attributable to different sources of variation. _______________
Republic of the Philippines
Pangasinan State University
Lingayen Campus
WORKTEXT 9 : STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF DATA Econ 119A – Economic Research I
NAME: _______________________________________ SCORE: ___________________________________
YEAR AND COURSE: ___________________________ DATE: ____________________________________
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WORKTEXT 9 : Statistical Treatment of Data Econ 119A – Economic Research I
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EXERCISE 2
Classification. Indicate whether the following applies to
descriptive statistics or inferential statistics and identify the statistical tool used in each case. .
26. The average credit card debt per household over the 10-year period from 2004 to 2014 __________
27. The cumulative relative frequency distribution for the monthly sales incentives of sales promoters __________
28. The probability that a person selected at random from 100 job applicants is an economics graduate. _________
29. The median amount Filipino households spend for daily transportation for 30 days. __________
30. The predictive regression equation of the prices of lobster on the demand for prawns __________
31. Median weekly earnings of workers in the union sector of shoe industry __________
32. The standard deviation of the value of the 10 most active stocks on the Philippine Stock Exchange on June 18, 2015 __________
33. A one-way ANOVA to test the claim that the mean production rate is not the same for all six days of the week __________
34. The mode of earnings per share received by stockholders for the 50 largest Philippine corporations. __________
35. The weighted mean of nine purchases of fertilizers of a certain farm over the past six months. __________
36. The the null and alternative hypotheses for testing the difference in the mean price of single-family homes in two cities __________
37. The test at the 1% significance level by p-value approach to conclude that the company’s claim is true __________
38. The bar graph of the gender and age distribution for the people of a city. __________
39. The sample variances of prices of new condominiums developed by real estate firms.
40. The linear correlation between the number of television commercials broadcast by a company and the sale of its product __________
41. The test at the 2% significance level by p-value approach to conclude that the company’s claim is true __________
42. The strong empirical relationship between the size of a country’s economy and the volume of its exports and imports. __________
43. The average economic growth rates of a country from 2007 to 2014 __________
44. The percentage of the high-end smartphones sold last month which includes the three new models __________
45. The chi-square statistic test to determine whether the device preference of students is the same in all five courses __________
EXERCISE 3
Determine three statistical tools/techniques that should be used in each of the following research cases.
46. The tourism office of Lingayen conducts a survey of local and foreign tourists in order to determine the best places to visit or stay throughout Pangasinan. _____________
47. A restaurant uses a questionnaire to ask customers how they rate the server, food quality, cocktails, prices, and atmosphere at the restaurant. _____________
48. An airline company wishes to investigate its assumption that two-thirds of business travelers use a laptop computer on overnight business trips. _____________
49. An alumni association conducted a study and one
finding was that alumni spend an average of P2,800 per week eating out socially. _____________
50. MMDA is determining the relationship between air pollution and annual death rates for a sample of 10 cities in Metro Manila. _____________
51. A teacher wants to find out whether education level
(elementary, high school graduate, college graduate, advanced degree) is related to the type of transaction most likely to be conducted using the Internet (shopping, banking, travel reservations, auctions). _____________
52. A researcher from a bookstore company wants to know
if retail sales/sq. ft. is related to serving coffee or snacks on the premises. He examines a database of 10,000 independently owned bookstores testing whether retail sales (dollars/sq. ft.) is related to whether or not the store has a coffee bar. _____________
53. The academic research office at a college wants to see
whether the distribution of courses chosen (Humanities, Social Sciences, or Natural Sciences) is different for its residential and nonresidential students. _____________
54. A large university wants to compare the performance of
male and female undergraduates on a standardized reading test, but can only afford to do this on a sample basis. _____________
55. A city manager wants to know the average income of the 25,000 families living in his town. _____________
56. A political analyst investigates if the place of residence
is related to party affiliation. _____________
57. A campus survey asked a random sample of students whether they lived in a dormitory, in off-campus housing, or at home. _____________
58. The NCSO wants to find out the relationship between
unemployment rate and inflation rate for the years 2010 – 2014. _____________
59. A stock analyst wants to estimate any gender difference
in how much the stockholders invest in the stock market. _____________
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WORKTEXT 9 : Statistical Treatment of Data Econ 119A – Economic Research I
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60. The university wants to know whether their required
programs in ethical decision-making and service learning change student perceptions. _____________
61. A student researcher surveys the students on their perception of ethical and community service issues both in their first year and fourth year at a university. _____________
62. A marketing analyst investigates the business practices
of 50 companies and wishes to analyze the differences across industries. _____________
63. A bank researcher took a sample of 888 cardholders from
a particular market segment and the amount they charged on their credit card in both December 2013 and December 2014 and wanted to test whether the mean difference in spending is the same between the two periods. _____________
64. A marketing firm would like to determine whether the number of television commercials broadcast is linearly correlated with the sales of its product. _____________
65. A telecom company wishes to determine if people with higher incomes will likely avail high-speed internet broadband access, which will lead to spending more time online. _____________
EXERCISE 4
Determine the appropriate statistical tool/s to be used in each of the following research questions. A. Expenditure Analysis of Tourists in Lingayen, Pangasinan
1. What is the is the socio-economic profile of the tourist respondents in terms of the following: A. Socio-Demographic Variables
a. Age _______________ b. Sex _______________ c. Marital Status ________________ d. Educational Level ________________ e. Nationality ________________ f. Place of Residence ________________ g. Religion ________________ h. Occupation ________________ i. Size and Composition of the Household
B. Travel-related Variables a. Purpose of Travel ________________ b. Package Travel ________________ c. Independent/Group Travel ________________ d. Month/Season of Travel ________________ e. Length of Stay ________________
2. What is the itemized income of the tourists for 2014 with
regards to: a. Wages and salaries ________________ b. Entrepreneurial Activities ________________ c. Net Investment Income ________________
3. What is the itemized expenditure of the tourists/travelers for 2014 with regards to:
a. Food and Drinks ________________ b. Hotel and Accommodation ________________ c. Clothing ________________ d. Transport ________________ e. Health Kit / Medicines ________________ f. Recreation, Culture and Sporting Activities
________________ g. Souvenir Items/Pasalubong _______________
4. Is there a significant relationship between the income of
tourists and their travel expenditure? ________________
5. Is there a significant difference between travelling expenditures of tourists and their profile variables? ________________
6. What are the problems encountered by tourists/travelers in Lingayen, Pangasinan? ________________
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WORKTEXT 10 : Making a Write-up of Research Methodology Econ 127 – Real Estate Economics
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Based on economic research problem, provide the write- up of the contents of the research methodology (Chapter 3) comprising the following:
Research Design Population and Sample Sampling Technique Data Gathering Instrument Data Gathering Procedure Statistical Treatment of Data
ECONOMIC RESEARCH TITLE: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Write the research design of your study. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
EXERCISE 1
Republic of the Philippines Pangasinan State University
Lingayen Campus
WORKTEXT 10 : MAKING A WRITE-UP OF RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Econ 119A – Economic Research I
NAME: _______________________________________ SCORE: ___________________________________ YEAR AND COURSE: ___________________________ DATE: ____________________________________
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WORKTEXT 10 : Making a Write-up of Research Methodology Econ 127 – Real Estate Economics
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Write the population and sample of your study. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Write the sampling technique of your study. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
EXERCISE 2
EXERCISE 3
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WORKTEXT 10 : Making a Write-up of Research Methodology Econ 127 – Real Estate Economics
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Write the data gathering instrument of your study. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Write the data gathering procedure of your study. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
EXERCISE 4
EXERCISE 5
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WORKTEXT 10 : Making a Write-up of Research Methodology Econ 127 – Real Estate Economics
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Write the statistical treatment of data of your study. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
EXERCISE 6
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ECONOMIC RESEARCH WORKTEXT