1. Drugs for Gastrointestinal, Respiratory and Musculoskeletal Disorders

2. Objectives
Identify common symptoms of gastrointestinal , respiratory and musculoskeletal systems
Recall classifications of medications used for gastric disorders
Explain how probiotics work
Recall classifications of medications used for respiratory disorders
Recall classifications of medications used for musculoskeletal disorders
Identify signs of anaphylaxis

3. Gastrointestinal Disorders/Medications
Common Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Disorders
Loss of appetite & weight loss
Abdominal pain
Nausea & vomiting
Change in bowel habits (diarrhea, constipation)
Flatulence
Blood or mucus in feces
Fever
Heartburn, indigestion, difficulty swallowing
Diaphoresis
Gastrointestinal Medication Actions
Increase or decrease function of GI tract by changing muscle tone, and change secretions of or into GI tract
Increase or decrease rate of peristalsis
Replace enzyme deficiencies

4. Drugs Used for Gastric Disorders
Antacids
Mucosal protectants
Antibiotics
Antisecretory agents
Antispasmodics
Prokinetic agents

5. Other Gastrointestinal Drugs
Pancreatic enzyme replacements
Gallbladder treatment
Drugs for emesis
Laxatives and Cathartics
Antidiarrheal agents
Anti-inflammatory agents (ulcerative colitis)

6. Alternative Treatment - Probiotics
Helpful microorganism groups: Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium
Used to promote digestive health by helping to regulate movement of food through the intestines

7. Respiratory Conditions/Medications
Common Symptoms of Respiratory System Disorders
Pain (in respiratory tract)
Difficulty breathing (dyspnea, wheezing, rales)
Acute or chronic cough
Dysphonia
Fatigue and malaise
Chills, fever, headaches
Hemoptosis and epistaxis
Respiratory Medication Actions
Vascular dilation and contraction of smooth muscles of the bronchial tree (vasodilator)
Vasoconstriction of mucous membranes (vasoconstrictor)
Suppress symptoms of allergic rhinitis (antihistamine)
Elevate cough threshold & suppress cough (antitussives)

8. Drugs Used for Respiratory Disorders
Antihistamines
Decongestants
Glucocorticoids
Antitussives: Opioid and Nonopioid cough suppressants
Inhalation Medications

9. Musculoskeletal Conditions/Medications
Common Symptoms of Musculoskeletal System Disorders
Inflammation
Redness
Decreased range of motion.
Loss of function
Tingling
Numbness
Stiffness
Pain/tenderness
Muscle weakness
Fatigue
Decreased grip strength
Musculoskeletal Medication Actions
Muscle Relaxants
Steroids
Salicylates
NSAIDS

10. Musculoskeletal Pain
Pain is the chief symptom of most musculoskeletal disorders. The pain may be mild or severe, local or widespread (diffuse). Although pain may be acute and short-lived, as is the case with most injuries, pain may be ongoing with chronic illnesses, such as rheumatoid arthritis.
Dangers of NSAIDS

11. Anaphylaxis (Anaphylactic Shock)
Severe adverse reaction; medical emergency
Potentially fatal
Symptoms include hives, reddened skin, bronchospasm, elevated blood pressure followed by drop in blood pressure, cyanosis, dyspnea, vascular collapse, loss of consciousness, cardiac arrhythmias and cardiac arrest.