Discussion Of The Grainger Center For Electric Machinery And Electromechanics Collaborative Network

Discussion of the Grainger Center for Discussion of the Grainger Center for Electric Machinery and Electromechanics Electric Machinery and Electromechanics

Collaborative Network: an Overview of Collaborative Network: an Overview of Machines and Energy on a National ScaleMachines and Energy on a National Scale

P. Krein, P. ChapmanP. Krein, P. ChapmanGrainger Center for Electric MachineryGrainger Center for Electric Machinery

and Electromechanics and ElectromechanicsDept. of Electrical and Computer EngineeringDept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering

University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Grainger Center for Electric Machines and Electromechanics University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignGrainger Center for Electric Machines and Electromechanics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

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IntroductionIntroduction

• CEME Collaborative Network (in order of visits)CEME Collaborative Network (in order of visits)– Purdue UniversityPurdue University– University of California at BerkeleyUniversity of California at Berkeley– Georgia Institute of TechnologyGeorgia Institute of Technology– University of Wisconsin – MadisonUniversity of Wisconsin – Madison– The Ohio State UniversityThe Ohio State University– Oregon State UniversityOregon State University

• Highlights of one or two activities at each schoolHighlights of one or two activities at each school• Time for discussion of directions and needsTime for discussion of directions and needs


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Purdue UniversityPurdue University

• Electromechanical and systems requirements Electromechanical and systems requirements for more-electric naval vessels.for more-electric naval vessels.– Transform the Transform the fleetfleet, not just a ship., not just a ship.– System requirements and vulnerabilities have System requirements and vulnerabilities have

changed: in the last several major naval incidents, changed: in the last several major naval incidents, physical damage was limitedphysical damage was limitedbut system failure was complete.but system failure was complete.

– Must be able to function throughMust be able to function throughfirst-level damage. first-level damage.

www.defenseindustrydaily.com


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Purdue UniversityPurdue University

• Genetic-algorithm-based system-level Genetic-algorithm-based system-level optimization.optimization.– Examples include optimization based on mission Examples include optimization based on mission

requirements.requirements.– Optimize operation subject to rational damage Optimize operation subject to rational damage

scenarios.scenarios.

• Ultra-fast simulationUltra-fast simulation– Applying approaches that perform time simulation Applying approaches that perform time simulation

faster than real time. faster than real time.


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University of California at BerkeleyUniversity of California at Berkeley

• Direct electromechanical generation from Direct electromechanical generation from enginesengines– Integrated generator methods for Stirling engine.Integrated generator methods for Stirling engine.– The figure of merit for energy conversion is really The figure of merit for energy conversion is really

cost per output joule. Efficiency is less germane.cost per output joule. Efficiency is less germane.

• MicroenginesMicroengines– Rotary engine at millimeter scale with integrated Rotary engine at millimeter scale with integrated

generator.generator.– Favorable possibilities relative to batteries and Favorable possibilities relative to batteries and

small fuel cells.small fuel cells.

• Robot microactuatorsRobot microactuators


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University of California at BerkeleyUniversity of California at Berkeley

• Interests in PWM modulation processes and Interests in PWM modulation processes and noise management.noise management.

• Much interaction with industry in areas of Much interaction with industry in areas of analog integrated circuits and integrated analog integrated circuits and integrated power.power.


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Georgia Institute of TechnologyGeorgia Institute of Technology

• Program size on a par with Illinois (Ga Tech Program size on a par with Illinois (Ga Tech and Illinois are the largest ECE programs).and Illinois are the largest ECE programs).

• Hosts NEETRAC, a power test facility Hosts NEETRAC, a power test facility transferred from Georgia Power.transferred from Georgia Power.

• Interaction with mechanical engineering.Interaction with mechanical engineering.

• New faculty member in analog and power New faculty member in analog and power integrated circuits.integrated circuits.


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• Online diagnostics for machinesOnline diagnostics for machines– Interpret current waveforms for various problems.Interpret current waveforms for various problems.– Applications include internal failures, bearing Applications include internal failures, bearing

condition monitoring, imbalance detection.condition monitoring, imbalance detection.– Certain classes of problems are hard to distinguish. Certain classes of problems are hard to distinguish.

Various combinations of forward-sequence, Various combinations of forward-sequence, backward-sequence, and d-q transformation backward-sequence, and d-q transformation concepts can help.concepts can help.

• In smaller machines, bearing failures are the In smaller machines, bearing failures are the most common failure mechanism.most common failure mechanism.


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• Machine design is actively taught.Machine design is actively taught.• One example: small generator to optimize One example: small generator to optimize

power extraction from a reciprocating power extraction from a reciprocating source.source.

• Do the extraction directly rather than with Do the extraction directly rather than with (lossy) mechanical linkages for continuous (lossy) mechanical linkages for continuous motion.motion.

• Global energy challenges: in many areas, Global energy challenges: in many areas, 100 W-hr/day would make a substantial 100 W-hr/day would make a substantial impact on living conditions.impact on living conditions.


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University of WisconsinUniversity of Wisconsin

• Strong industry support and industry Strong industry support and industry programs.programs.

• ““Self-sensing” drive technologies in which Self-sensing” drive technologies in which sensors are integrated with machines or with sensors are integrated with machines or with drive circuits.drive circuits.

• Very strong experimental activity, including a Very strong experimental activity, including a number of drives at a range of power levels.number of drives at a range of power levels.


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University of WisconsinUniversity of Wisconsin

• ““Modular machines”Modular machines”– Discrete pole arrangements that can be Discrete pole arrangements that can be

assembled in piecewise fashion.assembled in piecewise fashion.– Opportunity to integrate pole-based drives with Opportunity to integrate pole-based drives with

individual machine poles.individual machine poles.– Challenge in dimensional consistency and rigidity.Challenge in dimensional consistency and rigidity.

• Good interaction between aspects of power Good interaction between aspects of power systems and aspects or machines and power systems and aspects or machines and power electronics.electronics.


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The Ohio State UniversityThe Ohio State University

• Analysis-based machine design is alive and Analysis-based machine design is alive and well. Several industrial projects.well. Several industrial projects.

• Example: discrete-pole machine with high Example: discrete-pole machine with high pole count for washing machine application.pole count for washing machine application.

• Work on dual-rotor machines for flexible Work on dual-rotor machines for flexible applications.applications.

• Example: concentric machine with one PM Example: concentric machine with one PM rotor and one induction rotor. Provides an rotor and one induction rotor. Provides an electric differential action.electric differential action.


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The Ohio State UniversityThe Ohio State University

• Ohio State maintains one of very few high Ohio State maintains one of very few high voltage labs.voltage labs.

• Lab work is directed at dielectrics and Lab work is directed at dielectrics and insulation, and to a lesser extent at insulation, and to a lesser extent at operational issues in power systems.operational issues in power systems.


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Oregon State UniversityOregon State University

• Strong effort right now in ocean wave Strong effort right now in ocean wave energy.energy.

• Challenge:Challenge:convert verticalconvert verticalmotion tomotion toelectricity.electricity.

• DirectDirectconversion isconversion isneeded.needed.

eecs.oregonstate.edu


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Oregon State UniversityOregon State University

• Interesting aspect: the political and social Interesting aspect: the political and social efforts associated with licenses and siting.efforts associated with licenses and siting.

• Even very careful and diligent preparation Even very careful and diligent preparation leads to a long, involved process.leads to a long, involved process.

• The Oregon Coast has sufficient wave energy The Oregon Coast has sufficient wave energy potential to more than supply the entire state.potential to more than supply the entire state.


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DiscussionDiscussion

• Outside of CEME, much electromechanics Outside of CEME, much electromechanics work seems to divide into various camps.work seems to divide into various camps.

• Few researchers exploring broad design Few researchers exploring broad design questions or attempting “apples to apples” questions or attempting “apples to apples” technology comparisons.technology comparisons.

• Design automation and design Design automation and design optimization remain excellent topics for optimization remain excellent topics for current researchers.current researchers.


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DiscussionDiscussion

• Innovations in electromechanics play a Innovations in electromechanics play a dominant role in energy as a whole.dominant role in energy as a whole.– Efficient machines would drop energy Efficient machines would drop energy

requirements substantially.requirements substantially.

– Broad use of ac drives also yields high impact.Broad use of ac drives also yields high impact.

– Electric and hybrid vehicles.Electric and hybrid vehicles.

– Other more-electric systems for ships, aircraft, Other more-electric systems for ships, aircraft, and many off-road mobile systems.and many off-road mobile systems.

Education

Discussion Of The Grainger Center For Electric Machinery And Electromechanics Collaborative Network