Diploma in industrial safety UNIT - 5

NATIONAL SAFETY ACADEMY

DIPLOMA IN INDUSTRIAL SAFETY


CHAPTER 5ACCIDENT HISTORY

FUNDAMENTALS OF SAFETY:INJURY OR DEATH OF A WORKERDAMAGE TO THE PLANT AND EQUIPTMENTSDISRUPTION TO THE PLANT AND EQUIPTMENTSLOWERS MORALE OF PERSONNELPROLONGED ABSENCE OF TRAINED WORKER FOR TREATMENT


ACCIDENTS MAY OCCUR DUE TO:

a) HUMAN ERROR 88% ACCIDENTS ARE CAUSED DUE TO UNSAFE PRACTICE LACK OF FORESIGHT WRONG ATTITUDE ETC.

b) MECHANICAL FAILURE. 105 ACCIDENTS ARE CAUSED DUE TO PLANT CONDITIONS EQUIPTMENTS OR TOOL FAILURE

c) ACTS OF NATURE ONLY 2% ACCIDENTS ARE CAUSED DUE TO WEATHER FLOOD OR CYCLONE IT IS NECESSARY TO ELIMINATE UNSAFET ACTS AND UNSAFE CONDITIONS TO AVOID ACCIDENTS SAFETY CAN BE DEFINED AS FREEDOM FROM THOSE CONDITIONS THAT CAN CAUSE INJURY DEATH TO PERSON OR DAMAGE TO EQUIPTMENT OR PROPERTY


SAFETY IS IMPORTANT BECAUSE:

ACCIDENTS CAUSE PAIN AND SUFFERINGACCIDENTS ARE COSTLYACCIDENTS REFLECT MORALE AND DECREASE PRODUCTIVITYACCIDENTS REFLECT POORLY ON THE MANAGEMENTCOST OF PREVENTION OF ACCIDENTS IS LOWER THAN COST OF HANDLING


UNSAFE CONDITIONS AND UNSAFE ACTS RESULTS IN ONE OR MORE OF THE FOLLOWING:

LOSS OF PRODUCTION/PROJECT FOR THE MANAGEMENTLOSS OF THE EMPLOYEE EARNINGSDAMAGE TO THE PLANT AND MACHINERYPREMATURE DEATH OF EMPLOYEEPAIN/SUFFERING/HARDSHIPS TO THE INJURED EMPLOYEE AND HIS FAMILYEXPENSES ON MEDICAL AIDEXPENSES ON RECRUITMENT AND TRAINING OF NEW EMPLOYEES


DETERIORATIONS IN EMPLOYER EMPLOYEES RELATIONSLOSS OF EMPLOYEES MORALEDROP IN PRODUCTIVITY OF THE ORGANIZATIONLOSS OF REPUTATION

SAFETY IN THE INDUSTRY HELPS IN:

i. IMPROVING PRODUCTION/PRODUCTIVITYii. REDUCING PRODUCTION COSTiii. REDUCING DAMAGE TO PLANT AND MACHINERYiv. PREVENTING PREMATURE DEATH OF SKILLED WORKERSv. AVOIDING NEEDLES PAIN AND SUFFERINGS TO THE SUFFERINGS TO THE EMPLOYEES

AND THEIR FAMILIES


SAFETY ORGANIZATION:1. THE COMPANY SHALL HAVE A SAFETY ORGANIZATION TO COORDINATE MONITOR

PROMOTE AND ENHANCE THE SAFETY & OCCUPATIONAL HELATH ACTIVITIES OF THE PLANT AND OTHER UNITS

2. THE SAFETY DEPARTMENTS WILL BE MANNED BY PROFESSIONALLY QUALIFIED PERSONS AS PER THE STATUTORY PROVISIONS

3. THE SAFETY DEPARTMENTS SHALL HAVE THE FOLLOWING FUNCTIONSACCIDENTS PREVENTRION CONTROL REPORTING AND ANALYSISSAFETY PROMOTIONAL ACTIVITIES TO CREATE A CLIMATE CONDUCXTIVE FOR SAFETY CONSCIOUSNESS CULTIVATION OF SAFETY CULTURE AND SAFE WOREKING HABITS AMONG ALL EMPLOYEES.

TO ORGANIZE PROGRAMMES FOR TRAINING AND EDUCATION ON SAFETY AND TO ENSURE USE OF APPROPRIATE PERSONAL PRPTECTIVE EQUIPTMENT BY THE EMPLOYEES


THE POLICY:

1. THE SAEFTY AND HEALTH OF ALL EMPLOYEES IS ONE OF THE PRIME CONCERNS OF THE COMPANY

2. THE OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH POLICY OF THE COMPANY IS TO SERVE AS AN INSTRUCMENT FOR CREATING AWARENESS ABOUT SAFE AND HEALTHY WORK PRACTICES AND FOR MAINTAINING SAFETY AND HEALTH CONSCIOUSNESS AMONG THE EMPLOYEES AT ALL LEVELS OF THE ORGANIZATIONS

3. ALL THE MAIN UNITS AND SUPPORTIVE UNITS OF THE COMPANY WILL ADOPT TECHNIQUES FOR MANUFACTURING HANDLING AND DISPOSING OFF ALL THE SUBSTANCES SAFETY WITHOUT CREATING UNACCEPTABLES RISK TO EQUIPTMENTS ENOUGH TO PREVENT HAZARDS OR THE ENVIRONMENT


4. THE COMPANY WILL ADOPT SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS WHERE LAWS REGULATIONS MAY NOT BE AVAILABLE OR PROTECTIVE ENOUGH TOM PREVENT HAZARDS

5. EVERY EMPLOYEE OF THE COMPANY WILL BE REQUIRED TO ADHERE TO THE POLICY BOTH IN LETTER AND IN SPIRIT

6. THE COMPANY SHALL COMPLY STRICTLY WITH ALL RELEVANT ACT LAWS RULES AND REGULATIONS OF THE STATE AND CENTRAL GOVERNMENTS

7. MANAGEMENT WILL HAVE ALL AUTHORITY TO TAKE RESOURCES TO ACTION FOR VIOLATION OF STATUTORY PROVISION ON SAFETY AND HEALTH AS WELL AS THE RULES AND PROCEDURES FRAMED FOR THE PURPOSE IN ACCORDANCE WITH STANDING ORDERS OR RULES FRAMED FOR THIS PURPOSE

8. THE COMPANY SHALL IMPART TRAINING IN HEALTH SAFETY AND OCCUAPTIONAL HEALTH TO ALL EMPLOYEES SO THAT THE EMPLOYEES ARE ENABLES TO POSSESS TH REQUIRED KNOWLEDGE INFORMATION AND UNDERSTANDING TO CARRYOUT THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THEIR JOBS WITHOUT ENDANGERING THEMSELVES OTHER EMPLOYEES PLANT EQUIPTMENT ENVIRONMENT AND PRODUCTS


CONTRIBUTORY CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS:

i. MENTAL CONDITIONS OF THE WORKER TO INCLUDE IMMATURE AGE OF WORKER INEXPERIENCE IMPROPER ATTITUDES LACK OF CO ORDINATION LACK OF CONCENTRATION TO WORK


ii. PHYSICAL CONDITIONS OF THE WORKER TO INCLUDE EXTREMELY FATIGUED PHYSICALLY UNQUALIFIED FOR THE JOB PHYSICALLY HANDICAPPED BAD STATE OF HEALTH

iii. SUPERVISORY SAFETY PERFORMANCE TO INCLUDE SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS NOT GIVEN SAFETY RULES NOT ENFORCED HAZARDOUS CONDITIONS NOT CORRECTED POOR DISCIPLINE


iv. ENVIRONMENTAL CAUSES TO INCLUDE

INSUFFICIENT ILLUMINATION INSUFFICIENT VENTILLATION EXTREME TEMPERATURE EXCESSIVE TEMPERATURE EXCESSIVE NOISE AND VIBRATIONS UNSAFE WORKING SPEEDS TOXIC ENVIRONMENT LONG WORKING HOURS EXTREME PRESSURE OF WORK


DOMINO MULTIPLE CAUSTION THEORY:

ACCIDENTS ARE THE RESULTS OF MANY CONTRIBUTORY FAUSES AND SUB CAUSESRANDOM COMBINATION OF SUCH FACTORS RESULT INTO ACCIDENTS

THE FERRELL THEORY:

ACCIDENTS ARE THE RESULTS OF HUMAN ERRORSHUMAN ERRORS RESULTS BECAUSE OF CAUSAL CHAIN OF OVERLOAD SITUATIONAL INCOMPATIBILITY INCORRECT RESPONSE ACCIDENTS


INDIRECT COSTS:COST OF TIME LOST OF THE TEAMMATES OF THE INJURED PERSONS WHO STOP WORKCOST OF TIME LOST OF THE FELLOW EMPLOYEES WHO STOP WORKOUT OF CURIOSITYOUT OF SYMPATHYTO ASSIST INJURED EMPLOYEECOST OF TIME LOST OF THE SUPERVISORS FOREMEN AND OTHER EXECUTIVES ASSISTING INJURED PERSONSMAKING SUBSTITUTE ARRANGEMENTINVESTIGATING THE CAUSE OF ACCIDENTSPREPARING ACCIDENT REPORTSATTENDING HEARING BEFORE THE STATE OFFICIALSSELECTING AND TRAINING OF THE NEW WORKER TO FILL VACANCY


ACCIDENTS COST TO THE SOCIETY:THE FAMILY OF THE INJURED EMPLOYEES SUFFERS PAIN HARDSHIPS AND FINANCIAL LOSSTHE SOCIETY BEARS THE SOCIAL AND FINANCIAL BURDEN OF MAINTENANCE OF ALL INJURED PARSONS AND THEIR FAMILIESTHE SOCIETY AS CONSUMERS PAY INCREASED COST OF PRODUCTION DUE TO DIRECT AND INDIRECT COSTS INCURRED BY THE MANAGEMENT EHICH ARE ULTIMATELY PASSED ON THE CONSUMER

AIM OF AN ACCIDENT INVESTIGATIONEVERY ACCIDENTS HAS SOME UNDERLYING CAUSES UNSAFE ACTS AND UNSAFE CONDITIONSACCIDENTS EXHIBITS A PARTICULAR PATTERNS OF OCCURENCESIDENTIFY HIGH RISK JOBS OR WORK AREAS.IDENTIFY FACTORS THAT CAN CAUSE ACCIDENTS


TYPES OF REPORTS AND RECORDSFIRST AID REPORTSACCIDENTS REPORTSACCIDENTS INVESTIGATION REPORTSACCIDENTS PARTICULAR CARDSSAFETY EDUCATION AND TRAINING REPORTS

THE PURPOSE OF AN ACCIDENT RECORDTO EVALUATE THE MAGNITUDE OF THE ACCIDENT PROBLEMSTO IDENTIFY THE HIGH RATE OF ACCIDENT PROBLEMSTO PROVIDE THE DATA FOR ANALYSIS OF ACCIDENTSTO CREATE INTEREST AMONG THE WORKERSTO MEASURE THE EFFECIENCY OF THE PRESENCE SAFETY PROMOTIONAL ACTIVITIESTO TAKE ANY CHANGE IF NECESSARY


PRINCIPLES OF ACCIDENTS INVESTIGATION

SHOULD BE FACT FINDINGALL THE ACCIDENTS SHOULD BE INVESTIGATEDINVESTIGATE EACH CLUESUGGEST SUITABLE AND PRACTICAL PREVENTIVE MEASURESENQUIRE THE EACH WITNESS SEPARATELYACCIDENT INVESTIGATION SHOULD BE DONE IMMEDIATEDLY AFTER THE INCIDENT ACCIDENT


THE PURPOSE OF AN ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION

TO DETERMINE THE CAUSES SO THAT THE SIMILAR ACCIDENTS CAN BE PREVENTED BY SUPERVISORS BY MEANS OF WORK PLACE IMPROVEMENTS & TRAINING ETC.TO DETERMINE CHANGE OR DEVIATION THAT PRODUCE AN ERROR THAT INTERN RESULTED IN AND ACCIDENTTO DESIGN AND PLAN FOR SUITABLE TRAININGTO PUBLICIZE THE PARTICULAR HAZARDS AMONG EMPLOYEES AND SUPERVISORS TO DIRECT ATTENTION TO ACCIDENT PREVENTION


ACCIDENT ANALYSIS:

i. FUNCTION WISE (I.E DEPARTMENT/SECTION WHERE ACCIDENT OCCURRED?)PRODUCTIONMAINTENANCESTORESCONSTRUCTIONCONSERVANCYCIVIL


II. OPERATION WISE(I.E OPERATION WHICH CAUSED THE ACCDIENTS?)TURNINGDRILLINGMILLINGRINDINGWELDINGFITTINGPAINTINGMATERIALS HANDLING


iii. AGENCY WISE(I.E WHAT CAUSED THE ACCIDENTS)MATERIALS HANDLINGPARTS OF MACHINERYBURNSSPLASH OF CHEMICALS FALLING BODYSLIPPERY FLOOR/PRODUCING OBJECTSELECTRICAL SWITCHES

iv. PART OF THE BODY WISE (WHICH POART OF THE BODY WAS INJURED?)HEAD EYEFACEFINGERSLEGSTOES ETC.


PREVETING UNSAFE ACTS

i. CORRECTIVE ACTION BY SUPERVISORY STAFF:A WELL TRAINED SUPERVISOR ON THE SHOP FLOOR CAN EASILY DETECT UNSAFE ACTS WHILE SUPERVISING WORK OF HIS WORKFORCE AND EVEN TAKE STEPS TO ERADICATYE SUCH ACTS SPECIAL EFFORTS HOWEVER MAY BE REQUIRED ON HIS PART TO OVERCOME LONG OUTSTYANDING BAD HABITS OF SOME OF HIS WORKERS

ii. COMPULSORY USE OF PROTECTIVE EQUIPTMENT: USE OF PROTECTIVE STEEL TOED SHOES HELMETS GOGGLES ETC BY THE EMPLOYEES MUST BE MADE COMPULSORY WORKMEN NOT OBSERVING THE RULES SHOULD BE EDUCATED CAUTIONED WARNED AND DISCIPLINE


SIZENO RIGID SIZE THEY SHOULD BE SUITABLE SIZESTOCKEDSTOCK MAY BE PREPARED FROM CLOTHY OR JUTE OR PAPER BOARD DEPENDING UPON THE USE TO WHICH THEY ARE TO BE PUTTAG REINFORCEMENTWHEN NECESSARY THEY MAY BE REINFORCEEDHOLETHE DIAMETER OF THE HOLE OF THE TAG MAY BE VARYING IT IS GENERALLY KEPT AS 5 MM AS N ADDITIONAL REINFORCEMENT METAL EYELETS MAY BE INSERTED IN TO THE HOLETAGTAG MAY BE ATTACHED TO THE REINFORCING SUBSTANCE WITH WATER PROOF AND ADHESIVE WHEN IT IS SUBJECT ABNORMAL HUMID CONDITIONS

TAG ATTACHMENTTHEY SHALL BE ATTCHED EITHER BY A TWICE OR STEEL WIRE


HAZARD CHECK LISTa) HOUSE KEEPING: STATE WHETHER OR NOT AISLES ARE CLEAR STOCK PROPERLY

PILED FLOORS FREE FROM SLIPPING AND TIPPING HAZARDS AND WORK AREA ORDERLY

b) MACHINE HAZARDS: STATE WHAT GUARDS ARE FOUND NOT IN USE AND WHERE GUARDS SHOULD BE PROPVIDED THIS SHOULD INCLUDE GEARS SPROCKETS CHAINS BOLTS SHAFTING ETC.

c) FIRE HAZARDS:

• OVER FLOW PANSi. ARE ALL FIRE FIGHTING APPLIANCES AND FIRE EXISTS READY FOR IMMEDIATE USE?ii. ARE INFLAMMABLE MATERIALS PROPERLY HANDLED AND STOREDd) PROTECTIVE EQUIPTMENT: ARE GOGGLES RESPIRATIONS SAFETY CAPS AND OTHER

EQUIPTMENT BEING WORM AS REQUIRED JEWELLERY RINGS AND WRIST WATCH ARE A SOURCE OF DANGER AROUND MOVING MACHINERY


e) ELECTRICAL EQUIPTMENT: NOTE CONDITIONS OF SWITCHES OUTLETS LIGHT CORDS AND GROUNDS WIRES

f) TOOLSi. ARE PROPER TOOLS BEING USED FOR EACH JOBii. ARE HANDLES MISSING FROM FILES CHISLES MUSHROOMED HAMMERS

WRENCHES AND SCREW DRIVERS DEFECTIVE? ARE FEEDS AND SPEEDS PROPERLY SET?

g) GENERAL CONDITIONS:i. ARE BOARD WITH NAILS LEFT ON FLOOR?ii. ARE LADDERS STRAITS GUARDS AND OTHER EQUIPTMENT IN NEED OF REPAIRiii. IS CUTTING FLUID LIKELY TO SPILL ON THE FLOOR?COLOR CODING:RED:USED EXCLUSIVELY IN CONNECTION WITH FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

EQUIPTMENT


ORANGE: INDICATES DANGEROUS POINTS OF MACHINERY THAT CUT CRUSH SHOCK OTHERWISW INJURE

YELLOW:THE UNIVERSAL SIGNAL FOR CAUTION IT IS USED MOST OFTEN TO MARK AREAS WHEN THERE IS TRIPPING FALLING STORING AGAINST OR BEING CAUGHT IN BETWEEN HAZARDS

GREEN:THE BASIC SAFETY COLOR IT SHOULD BE USED TO INDICATE THE LOCATION OF FIRST AID EQUIPTMENT GAS MASKS SAFETY DELUGE SHOWERS AND SAFETY BULLETIN BOARDS

BLUE:A CAUTIONARY COLOR IT IS A SPECIFIC WARNING AGAINST STARTING THAT EQUIPTMENT AS ELEVATORS BOILERS SCAFFOLDINGS LADDERS AND SO FORTH


COURSES:

Diploma in occupational Health And Safety Diploma in industrial safety Diploma in electrical safety Diploma in fire fighting Diploma in construction safety Certificate in fire and safety engineering Diploma in fire and safety engineering PG diploma in fire and safety engineering Certificate in oil and Gas safety Diploma in oil and Gas safety Diploma in health ,safety and Environment PG diploma in Health ,safety Environment


JOB PLACEMENT :

NSA will give100% job placement assistance to all successful candidates. Some of the Industries are listed below.

Oil Refineries, Port trust, Airport, Chemical Industries, Insurance, Construction and service industries are main job providers.

Students passed out from this institute can find job opportunities as Safety Supervisor, Safety Inspector, Safety Officer, Safety Manager, Fireman and Fire Officer.


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Diploma in industrial safety UNIT - 5