Designing a Home

© PDST Home Economics

Definitions

Shelter means anything that protects or shields

Shelter is a basic physical need which varies with climate and other conditions

A house becomes a home when it is occupied by people and their possessions

A Home

A home is much more than just shelter it provides for all our needs.

Physical Needs: Food, warmth, shelter and clothes.

Emotional Needs: Love, security, protection and privacy.

Social Needs: where we learn to interact with others, communicate, share and co-operate.

Types of HousingChoice of housing will be restricted by budget and

needs. Choice of housing is influenced by cost, size, location, style

Houses: single storey (bungalow), dormer bungalow, storey

and a half, two storey, detached, semi-detached, terraced.

Apartment/Flat: vary in size and design usually selfcontained.

Bedsit: one room divided into living and sleeping areas,

single person.Mobile Home/Caravan: may be permanent or

temporary.Sheltered Housing Schemes: purpose built housing fordisabled or elderly with caretaker in charge.

Design A Design is a plan or

sketch for the making of something, e.g. a house, a garment.

Characteristics of good design are:

Functional Safe Durable Attractive

Features of Design

Colour Shape Texture Pattern Line

Colour Colour can effect emotions of people in a

room and the atmosphere in a room. Classes of colour: Primary: red, yellow, blue. Secondary: mixing 2 primary colours,

green, purple, orange. Tertiary: mixing a primary and a

secondary colour, e.g. blue + green = turqoise.

Colour Wheel

Colour A tint is a colour lightened by adding white A shade is a colour darkened by adding black Warm colours: create warm atmosphere, use

in small amounts, red, orange, pink. Neutral colours: often used as background for

other colours, black, white and shades of these, shades of cream and beige are also used as neutrals.

Pastel colours: these are pale soft shades of blue, green, yellow, pink, used in bedrooms and nurseries.

Effect of colours

Texture

Texture refers to how an object feels to the touch, rough, smooth, hard, soft, cold warm.

Smooth textures are hygienic, cold, reflect light and noise.

Rough textures are warmer, softer, cosy, harder to clean, absorb light and sound.

Texture

Texture

Line Line is used to create optical illusions by

appearing to change the shape of something.

Diagonal lines suggest movement and are dramatic.

Horizontal lines make objects look wider.

Vertical lines make objects look thinner and taller.

Curved lines gentle and relaxing

Line

Shape

Shape means the outline of an object

Basic shapes are square, circular, rectangular, triangular.

Shape

Pattern

Adds variety Needs to be

used carefully Over use can

make room fussy and crowded, a room without pattern can be boring.

Pattern

Pattern

Principles of Design

Balance

Proportion

Emphasis

Rhythm

Balance Balance means that all features

of the design work well together, colour, pattern and texture.

Balance

Emphasis

Emphasis means drawing attention o a particular feature in a room.

Can be done using lighting, colour, pattern, shape.

Adds interest to a room.

Proportion

When furniture and features in a room relate to each in size and relate to the size of the room.

http://www.flickr.com/photos/hownowdesign/

Rhythm

Rhythm means the repeated use of a colour pattern and texture in a room.

It gives harmony and unity to the room

Considerations when Room Planning

1.Size and shape of the room, make full use of space.

2.Functions and amount of use.

3.Position of fixtures, windows, furniture, fireplace, radiators.

4.Aspect (direction window faces) effects amount of natural light and warmth.

5.Enough storage & furniture for functions of room without being cluttered.

6.Traffic flow, movement of people around the room.

A well planned room is

Functional

Safe

Comfortable

Attractive

Well lit

Well heated

Well ventilated

Easy to keep clean

Floor plan

A)Sketch of a room drawn to scale on graph paper.

A)Shows position of fixtures, windows, doors, fireplace, radiators.

A)Furniture drawn to scale can be cut out and moved around on the sketch to find best location.

Decorating a Room

1.Order of work.2.Decide on colour scheme.3.Choose floor covering.4.Remove all furniture and fittings.5.Carry out necessary repairs.6.Sand and wash all surfaces allow to dry well.7.Cover any surfaces that need protection.8.Decorate in order of ceiling, woodwork,

walls.9.When décor is dry put down floor covering

and arrange furniture.

BedroomsArea Option

Floor Wooden sanded sealed, vinyl (children), carpet.

Walls Paint, wall paper

Furniture Bed, locker, bookcase, desk, chair storage unit or wardrobe, dressing table, chest of drawers.

Soft furniture Curtains, blinds, duvet covers, rugs, lampshades,

Lighting Window, central fitting, bedside, desk, mirror.

Ventilation Window

Heating Radiator or portable electric heater

Planning Kitchens

ConsiderSize and shape of room.Layout taking into account work

sequence and work triangle.Hygiene and safety.Ventilation, heating, lighting.Enough storage and work surfaces.

The work sequence The main work in the kitchen is food

preparation.

Food preparation follows a logical sequence.

1 Food storage

2 Food preparation.

3 Cooking food

4 Serving food Kitchen units and equipment should be laid

out with this sequence in mind.

Kitchen – work sequence

The work triangle

The work triangle involves placing the fridge, sink and cooker at the 3 points of an imaginary triangle.

This arrangement reduces the amounts of walking involved in preparing food and therefore saves time and energy.