Dentin

Dentin pulp complex

UploadUpload By : Ahmed Ali Abbas By : Ahmed Ali Abbas

Babylon University College of Dentistry Babylon University College of Dentistry

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Dentin and pulp are embryologically, histologically, and

functionally the same tissue and therefore are considered

as a complex

ToothTooth

DentinTooth Crown

Tooth Root

Pulp

Both dentin and pulp have a common origin from the dental papilla.

DentinDentinPulpPulp

DentinDentinPulpPulp

Odontoblast cell layer

Dentin

Pulp

Types of Dentin

Dentin

Primary physiologic dentin

Secondary physiologic dentin

Tertiary dentin orreparative dentin orreactionary dentin or

irregular secondary dentin

Mantle dentin

Circumpulpal dentin

Types of Dentin

• Primary dentin: is the dentin formed in a tooth before the completion of

the apical foramen of the root. Primary dentin is noted for its regular

pattern of tubules.

• Secondary dentin: is the dentin that is formed after the completion of the

apical foramen and continues to form throughout the life of the tooth.

• Peritubular (intratubular) dentin: dentin that creates the wall of the

dentinal tubule.

• Intertubular dentin: dentin found between the tubules.

• Mantle dentin: the first predentin that forms and matures within the tooth.

• Circumpulpal dentin: the layer of dentin around the outer pulpal wall.

Odontoblasts and processOdontoblasts and process

Odontoblast cellsOdontoblast process

Dentin Pulp

Dentinal MatrixDentinal Matrix

Dentinal matrix

Hole for dentinal tubules

Dentinal tubules

Dentinal tubules

Dentinal tubules

Peritubular dentin Intertubular dentin

Dentinal tubules

Predentin

Dentinal tubules

Peritubular dentin Intertubular dentin

Dentinal tubules

Predentin

Odontoblast layer

Dentinal TubulesDentinal Tubules

Coronal dentin

Root dentin

Dentinaltubules

Intertubular dentin

Dentinal tubules

Intraubularor peritubular dentin

Interglobuler DentinInterglobuler Dentin

Inter-globulerdentin

DentinalTubules

DentinoEnamelJunction

Inter-globulerdentin

Dentin

Cementum

Granular layer of Tomes

Hyaline layer

Primaryphysiologicaldentin

Secondaryphysiologicaldentin



Tertiarydentin

Deantal cariesSclerotic dentin



Tertiarydentin

Dead tracts

Incremental line of von Ebner

DentinEnamel

Lines ofRetzius

Lines ofOwen

Dentino-enamel Junction

Functions of the Dental PulpFunctions of the Dental Pulp

Nutrition: blood supply for pulp and dentin. Sensory: changes in temp., vibration and chemical

that affect the dentin and pulp. Formative: the pulp involve in the support,

maintenance and continued formation of dentin. Defensive: triggering of inflammatory and immune

response. Protective: Development and formation of

secondary and tertiary dentin which increase the coverage of the pulp.

Anatomy of PulpAnatomy of Pulp Pulp Chamber or coronal

pulp, located in the crown of the tooth.

Root canal or radicular pulp, is the portion of the pulp located in the root area.

The apical foramen is the opening from the pulp at the apex of the tooth.

Accessory canals or lateral canal, extra canal located on the lateral portions of the root.

Pulp horns or cornua

Predentin

Odontoblasts

Cell-free zone

Cell-rich zone

Cell bodies

Odontoblasticprocess

Zones-from outer to inner zone Descript ion

Odontoblastic layer Lines the outer pulpal wall and consists of the cell bodies of odontoblast. Secondary dentin may form in this area from the apposition of odontoblast.

Cell-free zone Fewer cells than odontoblastic layer. Nerve and capillary plexus located here

Cell-rich zone Increased density of cells as compared to cell-free zone and also a more extensive vascular system

Pulpal-core Located in the center of the pulp chamber, which has many cells and an extensice vascular supply, similar to cell-rich zone

Microscopic Zones in PulpMicroscopic Zones in Pulp

Dentin

Predentin

Odontoblasts layer

Cell free zone

Cell rich zonePulp core

Contents of the PulpContents of the Pulp

Cells: Odontoblast, Fibroblast, white-blood cells, Undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, Macrophages and Lymphocytes. No fat cell.

Fibrous Matrix: Mostly reticular fibres and collagen fibres (Type I and Type III).

Ground substance: Act as a medium to transport nutrients to cells and metabolites of the cell to the blood vessels.

Vascularity and Nerves of the PulpVascularity and Nerves of the Pulp The pulp organ is extensively vascular with vessels arising from the

external carotids to the superior or inferior alveolar arteries. It drain by the same vein.

Blood flow is more rapid in the pulp than in most area of the body, and the blood pressure is quite high.

The walls of the pulpal vessels become very thin as their enter the pulp.

Nerves : Several large nerves enter the apical canal of each Molar and Premolar and single ones enter the anterior teeth. This trunks transverse the radicular pulp, proceed to the coronal area and branch peripherally.

Blood and vessels enter and exit the dental pulp by way of the apical and accessory foramina. Pulp is richly innervated; nerves enter the pulp through the apical foramen, along with afferent

blood vessels and together form the neuro-vascular bundle.

Nerves in pulpNerves in pulp

Dental PulpDental Pulp

Nerve Blood vessel

Clinically Importance features of the Dental PulpClinically Importance features of the Dental Pulp

With age the pulp becomes less cellular. The number of cells in the dental pulp decreases as cell death occurs with age.

The volume of the pulp chamber with continued deposition of dentine. In older teeth, the pulp chamber decreases in size; in some cases the pulp chamber can be obliterated. An increase in calcification in the pulp occurs with age.

An increase in calcification in the pulp occurs with age.

Free True DenticleFree True Denticle

Free True Denticle


Odontoblast

Predentin

DentinalTubules


Free False DenticleFree False Denticle

Diffuse Pulp CalcificationDiffuse Pulp Calcification

Dentin Sensitivity: Dentin Sensitivity: three theoriesthree theories

Nerve in dentin – the dentin contains nerve endings that respond when it

is stimulated .

Odontoblastic process – the odontoblasts serve as receptors and are

coupled to nerves in the pulp.

Fluid movements in the dentinal tubules – the tubular nature of dentin

permits fluid movement to occur within the tubule when a stimulus is applied –

a movement registered by pulpal free nerve endings close to the dentin.

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Dentin