CUBISM

MARY JANE AGARAOBEED

Cubism• A movement begun by Pablo Picasso and George

Braque in 1967 as a result of a statement by Cezanne. “You must see in nature the cylinder, the sphere and the cone.”

• A form of abstraction. The objects were reduced to geometric shapes then flattened into two-dimensional shapes superimposing each other thus giving feeling of relationship. The forms will enlivened with rich texture. The total effect gave the painting a compelling effect.

Pablo Picasso George Braque

Georges Braque, 1910, Violin and Candlestick, oil on canvas, 60.96 cm x

50.17 cm, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art

Pablo Picasso, 1909-10, Figure dans un Fauteuil (Seated Nude, Femme nue assise), oil on canvas, 92.1 x 73 cm, Tate Modern, London

Styles derived from cubism by the other artist

• Orphism or Orphic Cubism, a term coined by the French poet Guillaume Apollinaire in 1912, was an offshoot of Cubism that focused on pure abstraction and bright colors, influenced by Fauvism, theoretical writings of Paul Signac, Charles Henry and the dye chemist Eugène Chevreul. This movement, perceived as key in the transition from Cubism to Abstract art, was pioneered by František Kupka, Robert Delaunay and Sonia Delaunay, who relaunched the use of color during the monochromatic phase of Cubism. The meaning of the term Orphism was elusive when it first appeared and remains to some extent vague.

Orphic Cubism

Robert Delaunay, Simultaneous Windows on the City, 1912,

Hamburger Kunsthalle

František Kupka, Katedrála (The Cathedral) 1912-1913, oil on canvas, 180 x 150 cm, Museum Kampa, Prague, Czech Republic

Synchronism

Airplane Synchromy in Yellow-Orange, 1920, oil on canvas, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York

Morgan Russell "Paris, France"

Suprematism• was an art movement, focused on

basic geometric forms, such as circles, squares, lines, and rectangles, painted in a limited range of colors. It was founded by Kazimir Malevich in Russia, around 1913, and announced in Malevich's 1915 exhibition in St. Petersburg where he exhibited 36 works in a similar style. The term suprematism refers to an abstract art based upon “the supremacy of pure artistic feeling” rather than on visual depiction of objects.

Black Square (Malevich), State Russian Museum, St. Petersburg

Constructivism• Constructivism was an artistic and

architectural philosophy that originated in Russia beginning in 1919, which was a rejection of the idea of autonomous art. The movement was in favour of art as a practice for social purposes. Constructivism had a great effect on modern art movements of the 20th century, influencing major trends such as Bauhaus and De Stijl movement. Its influence was pervasive, with major impacts upon architecture, graphic and industrial design, theatre, film, dance, fashion and to some extent music.

Zuev Workers' Club, 1928.

Purism• One of the styes that

influenced young Rene Magritte was Purism, a variant of Cubism. Until 1925 Magritte was heavily influenced by Purism and Futurism. In 1925 he became influenced by Pre-Surrealist Giorgio de Chirico (1888-1978) who is labeled a proponent Pittura Metafisica (Metaphysical Painting/Magic Realism). Below is an article on Purism from History of Art:

Amédée Ozenfant, Le pichet blanc, oil on canvas, 1926