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20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE
Early 20th Century styles based onSHAPE and FORM:
CubismFuturismArt Deco
to show the ‘concept’ of an object rather than creating a detail of the real thingto show different views of an object at once, emphasizing time, space & the Machine ageto simplify objects to their most basic, primitive terms
20TH Century Art
20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE
Cubism & Picasso
Pablo Picasso1881-1973
Considered most influential artist of 20th Century
Blue Period
Rose Period
Analytical Cubism
Synthetic Cubism
20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE
Cubism & Picasso
Girl Wearing Large Hat, 1901. Lola, the artist’s sister, 1901.
Early works by a young Picasso
20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE
Cubism & Picasso
Blue Period(1901-1904)
Moves to Paris in his late teens
Coping with suicide of friend
Paintings were lonely, depressing
Major color was BLUE!
Picasso’s Blue Period
20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE
Cubism & Picasso
Pablo Picasso,Blue Nude, 1902.
BLUE PERIOD
Picasso’s Blue Period
20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE
Cubism & Picasso
Pablo Picasso,Self Portrait, 1901.
BLUE PERIOD
Picasso’s Blue Period
20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE
Cubism & Picasso
Pablo Picasso,Tragedy, 1903.
BLUE PERIOD
Picasso’s Blue Period
20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE
Cubism & Picasso
Pablo Picasso,Le Gourmet, 1901.
BLUE PERIOD
Picasso’s Blue Period
20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE
Cubism & Picasso Picasso’s work at the National Gallery (DC)
20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE
Cubism & Picasso
Rose Period(1904-1906)
Much happier art than before
Circus people as subjects
Reds and warmer colors
Pablo Picasso,Harlequin Family, 1905.ROSE PERIOD
Picasso’s Rose Period
20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE
Cubism & Picasso
Pablo Picasso, La Familia de Saltimbanques, 1905. ROSE PERIOD
Picasso’s Rose Period
20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE
Cubism & Picasso
Pablo Picasso, La Familia de Saltimbanques, 1905. ROSE PERIOD
Picasso’s Rose Period
20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE
Cubism & Picasso
Pablo Picasso,Girl With a Goat, 1906.
ROSE PERIOD
Picasso’s Rose Period
20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE
Cubism & Picasso
Much more abstract than before…
Pablo Picasso, Composition with Skull, 1908.
Proto-Cubism
20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE
Cubism & Picasso
Constantin Brancusi,The Kiss, 1907-08. Limestone.
Proto-Cubism
Brancusi, one of the pioneers of geometric abstraction in sculpture, created many versions of The Kiss, further simplifying geometric forms and sparse objects in each version, tending each time further toward abstraction. His abstract style emphasizes simple geometrical lines that balance forms inherent in his materials with the symbolic allusions of representational art. Here, the shape of the original block of material is maintained. This version of The Kiss is one of the artists most well known works.
20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE
Cubism & Picasso Georges Braque, Musical Instruments, 1908.
20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE
Cubism & Picasso Georges Braque, Fruitdish, 1908-09.
20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE
Cubism & Picasso Pablo Picasso, Three Musicians, 1921.
20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE
Cubism & Picasso
Pablo Picasso,Les Demoiselles D’Avignon, 1907.
“I paint forms as I think them, not as I see them”
20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE
Cubism & Picasso
Paul Cezanne(Post-Impressionist)
Femme de Vert1909
Major influences…
20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE
Cubism & Picasso
African Zimba Mask Les Demoiselles d’Avignon, 1907.
Major influences…
20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE
Cubism & Picasso
African Zimba Mask Les Demoiselles d’Avignon, 1907.
Major influences…
20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE
Cubism & Picasso
Pablo Picasso,Portrait of Vollard, 1910.ANALYTICAL CUBISM
Analytical Cubism
Little contrast in color
Complex and systematic design
Faceted shapes, translucent divisions of space
Differing views of the same subject in the same work
Invented by Picasso and George Braque - at the same time, but not really in collaboration
Retains some sort of depth
Analytical Cubism
20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE
Cubism & Picasso
Pablo Picasso,Aficionado, 1912.
ANALYTICAL CUBISM
Analytical Cubism
20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE
Cubism & Picasso
George Braque,The Portuguese, 1911. Oil on canvas.ANALYTICAL CUBISM
Analytical Cubism
The Portuguese marks an interesting point in the development of Braque’s paintings. In the top right hand corner, he stenciled the letters “D BAL” and under them, roman numerals. Although he had included numbers and letters into a still life in 1910, they were a representational element of the painting. In this piece, the letters and numbers are a purely compositional addition. Braque’s intentions at adding the letters are many, but mostly they are added to make the viewer aware of the canvas itself. In representational paintings, the canvas is there only as a surface to hold whatever image the painter desires. By adding numbers, out of context elements, and surface textures, he believed that the canvas can also hold outside elements, making the surface of the painting just as important as whatis put on top of it.
20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE
Cubism & Picasso
George Braque, Gillet, 1914.
Synthetic CubismInvented by Braque and Picasso
Puts forms back together after breaking them apart
“Collage” comes from French word for “glue”
Foreign materials are pasted onto the design- makes the collage look like a real surface
Scraps are changed and painted on, giving them a double meaning
New Space Concept - first since Masaccio
Synthetic Cubism
20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE
Cubism & Picasso
Pablo Picasso,Glass and Bottleof Suze, 1912.
SYNTHETIC CUBISM
Synthetic Cubism
20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE
Futurism
FuturismFirst announced on Feb. 20, 1909 Newspaper Le Figaro published a manifesto by the Italian poet and editor Tommaso Marinetti:
We will fight with all our might the fanatical, senseless and snobbish religion of the past, a religion encouraged by the vicious existence of museums. We rebel against that spineless worshiping of old canvases, old statues and old bric-a-brac, against everything which is filthy and worm-ridden and corroded by time. We consider the habitual contempt for everything which is young, new and burning with life to be unjust and even criminal. To purposely intended to inspire public anger and amazement, to arouse controversy, and to attract widespread attention. Umberto Boccioni, Unique Forms of
Continuity in Space, 1913.
20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE
Futurism Boccioni, Dynamism of a Cyclist, 1913. FUTURISM
20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE
Futurism Boccioni, The City Rises, 1910. FUTURISM
20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE
Futurism Natalia Goncharova, The Cyclist. 1913. FUTURISM
20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE
Futurism Giacomo Balla, Abstract Speed + Sound, 1913-1914. FUTURISM
20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE
Art Deco
Art DecoArt Deco was a popular design movement from 1920 until 1939, affecting the decorative arts such as architecture, interior design, and industrial design.
This movement was a combination of many different styles and movements of the early 20th century, including Constructionism, Cubism, Modernism, Bauhaus, Art Nouveau, and Futurism.Its popularity apexed during the 1920s. Although many design movements have political or philosophical roots or intentions, Art Deco was purely decorative. At the time, this style was seen as elegant, functional, and ultra modern.
William Van Alen, The Chrysler Building, 1930.
The Chrysler Building, NYC
20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE
Art Deco The Chrysler Building, NYC
20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE
Art Deco The Chrysler Building, NYC
20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE
Art Deco The Chrysler Building, NYC
20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE
Art Deco Elevators, The Chrysler Building, NYC
20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE
Art Deco Simon Kenton HS, Independence, KY
20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE
Art Deco Cincinnati Museum Center (formerly Union Terminal)
20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE
Art Deco Other Art Deco Examples
20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE
Art Deco Other Art Deco examples
20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE
Art Deco Other Art Deco Examples
20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE
Art Deco Other Art Deco Examples
20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE
Art Deco Other Art Deco Examples
20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE
Dada Jean Arp, Collage Arranged According to the Laws of Chance, 1916-17.
DADAStarted as a reaction to the horrors of WWI and Nihilism
Began independently in Zurich and NY
French for “hobbyhorse”, but the word itself had no meaning
Believed that reason and logic had been responsible for war
Only hope was anarchy, irrationality, and intuition
Pessimism and disgust of the artists helped them reject tradition-
Arp pioneered the use of chance in artwork- released him from the role of artist
For Dadaists, the idea of chance comes from the unconsciousness- influenced by Freud
20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE
Dada
“We had lost confidence in our culture. Everything had to be demolished… At the Cabaret Voltaire we began by shocking common sense, public opinion, education, institutions, museums, good taste, in short, the whole prevailing order.”
Hannah Hoch, The Pretty Maiden, 1920. DADA
20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE
Dada
Jean ArpMountain, Table, Anchors, Navel. 1925.
DADA
20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE
Dada
Marcel Duchamp, Fountain, 1913.
Marcel Duchamp
Duchamp was the central figure in NY Dada scene. He exhibited his first “ready-made” sculptures - mass produced common products “selected” by the artist
Free from the opinions of the population- neither good or bad taste
Forces viewers to see the “artness” of objects by seeing Art as ‘choices’. To Duchamp, he ‘chose’ to use the urinal and paint letters onto it, which that alone makes it art.
Marcel Duchamp
20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE
Dada
Marcel Duchamp, The Bride Stripped Bare by Her Bachelors, Even (The Large Glass)
1915-23.
DADA
20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE
Dada
"I am still a victim of chess. It has all the beauty of art -- and much more. It cannot be commercialized. Chess is much purer than art in its social position.“
Marcel Duchamp
20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE
Dada
Marcel DuchampBicycle Wheel, 1913.DADA
20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE
Dada
Marcel DuchampNude Descending a Staircase, 1912.
20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE
Dada
In 1919, Duchamp drew a moustache and goatee, graffiti-style, on a postcard of the Mona Lisa and added the caption L.H.O.O.Q. – which, as any French schoolboy could tell you, sounds like elle a chaud au cul (“She’s hot in the ass”). It quickly became an icon of the international Dada movement.
Duchamp, L.H.O.O.Q., 1919.
