Slide deck with thoughts on Corruption in the Philippines. Slides are from an undergraduate course on Philippine Politics and Governance I taught between 2003-2005.
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1. CORRUPTION IN THE PHILIPPINES
2. OVERVIEW
What are graft and corruption?
How are graft and corruption manifested in the
Philippines?
What are the causes of graft and corruption?
What are their costs?
How can we fight it?
3. DEFINITIONS
Corruption
Pertains to the use of public office for private gain
Graft
Refers to the questionable acquisition of wealth by a person in
office
4. CHARACTERISTICS
Corruption always involves more than one person.
On the whole, it involves secrecy.
Entails mutual obligation and benefit.
Corrupt practices are usually given some legal
justification
5. CHARACTERISTICS
It involves deception.
In any form, it is a betrayal of the public trust.
It rests on a contradictory dual function.
It violates the duty and responsibility within the civic
order.
6.
Transparency Internationals Corruption 2002 Perception Index
(CPI):
Scale: 1 = Most Corrupt; 10 = Least
Philippines:
Best:
Worst:
CONTEXT
Transparency Internationals Corruption Perception Index
(CPI):
Scale: 1 = Most Corrupt; 10 = Least
Philippines: 78out of 102 (2.6)
Best:Finland
Worst:Bangladesh
7. THE PHIL .SETTING
Corruption in the Philippines is endemic and metastatic
Income side: Use of government power to extort money
Expenditure side: malversation of public funds
8. SOME DYNAMICS
It encourages corrupt high ranking officials to remain
corrupt
At the lower level, it frustrates younger officials
The problem is so entrenched that it creates a vicious cycle
with various nuances
9. GENERAL CAUSES
Absence/weakness of leadership
Weakness of religious influence
Colonialism
Lack of education
Poverty
Absence of punitive measures
Structure of government
10. CAUSES IN THE PHILS .
Historical Philippine political development
Patron-client political culture
Personalistic character of our politics
Political relationships as systems of exchange
11.
Corruptions costs are not limited to the direct costs involved
in the corrupt transaction
More often than not, the costs are intangible and indirect, but
no less destructive
COSTS TO THE PUBLIC 12.
Rent-seeking behavior
Wasted resources
Weakness in government
Diminished government revenue
Legal ambiguity
Encouragement of criminality
Etc.
COSTS TO THE PUBLIC 13. FIGHTING CORRUPTION
Political Culture / Discourse
It is imperative to clearly define what corruption consists
of
Economic Reform
A much more level economic playing field should reduce
corruption
