Compost as a compost of INM

A PresentationBy

Mr.Allah Dad Khan

Compost : As a Component of INM

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Kinds1. Bin composting

2. Tumbler composting

3. Sunken pail composting

4. Sheet composting

5. Anaerobic composting

6. Vermicomposting

Why do it• Environmentally responsible

– Keeps biodegradable waste out of landfills and sewage plants

– Alternative to burning– Gives you a vibrant garden without chemical

fertilizers

• Saves money• Learning tool

Anaerobic

Vermi

Sheet

Pail

Tumbler

Bin

composting

Just do it!

What it involves

• Adding ingredients• Maintaining proper temperature• Turning• Maintaining moisture• Harvesting

Introduction

Compost is organic matter that has been decomposed and recycled as a fertilizer and soil amendment.

Compost : As a Component of INM

Compost is a key ingredient in organic farming.

Composting Improves the Soil and Is a Valuable Mulch!

1. Compost returns nutrients to the soil such as phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen, and many trace minerals, all to be released slowly over 1-2 years for optimal plant growth & health.

2. Compost is a natural fertilizer that improves soil aeration, tilth & drainage.

3. Compost, as a top-dressing, promotes weed control by suppressing growth. Furthermore, improved tilth makes it more difficult for weeds to anchor roots.

4. Compost controls erosion by creating good tilth.

5. Compost protects plant roots from sun and wind damage.

6. Compost conserves water, when used as a mulch: the soil retains moisture beneath it.

7. Compost increases water retention when absorbed into loose or sandy soils. It aids drainage in clay or other heavy soils.

8. Compost reduces soil diseases because of its high nutrient content.

9.

S. No. Parameters Quantity

1. Organic matter 70 %

2. pH 7.5

3. Organic carbon 33.11%

4. Nitrogen 1.82 %

5. Phosphorus 1.29 %

6. Potassium 1.25 %

7. Fe (ppm) 1019

8. Mn (ppm) 111

9. Cu (ppm) 180

10. Zn (ppm) 280

Nutrient profile of Compost

Compost : As a Component of INM

Compost : As a Component of INMBenefits of Compost

1. Compost improves the quality of soil, and for this reason it is considered as a soil conditioner.

2. It contains a variety of the basic nutrients required for healthy growth of plants.

3. In addition to, nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium, certain micronutrients viz. manganese, copper, iron, and zinc also found in compost which helps them to control diseases and insects.

4. Compost improves the structure and texture of the soil enable them to retain nutrients, moisture, and air for the betterment of growth of plants

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Compost : As a Component of INMBenefits of Compost

5. Compost buffers the soil, neutralizing both acid & alkaline soils, bringing pH levels to the optimum range for nutrient availability to plants.

6. Compost helps sandy soil retain water and nutrients.

7.Compost loosens tightly bound particles in clay or silt soil so roots can spread, water drain & air penetrate.

8.Compost alters soil structure, making it less likely to erode, and prevents soil spattering on plants—spreading disease.

9.Compost can hold nutrients tight enough to prevent them from washing out, but loosely enough so plants can take them up as needed.

10.Compost makes any soil easier to work.

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Compost : As a Component of INMBenefits of Compost

11. Compost bacteria break down organics into plant available nutrients. Some bacteria convert nitrogen from the air into a plant available nutrient.

12.Compost enriched soil have lots of beneficial insects, worms and other organisms that burrow through soil keeping it well aerated.

13.Compost may suppress diseases and harmful pests that could overrun poor, lifeless soil.

Compost : As a Component of INMBenefits of Compost

14.Compost encourages healthy root systems, which decrease runoff

15.Compost can reduce or eliminate use of synthetic fertilizers

16.Compost can reduce chemical pesticides since it contains beneficial microorganisms that may protect plants from diseases and pests.

17.Only a 5% increase in organic material quadruples soils water holding capacity.

Mechanism of Composting

Composting is a biochemical process in which aerobic and anaerobic microorganism decomposes organic matter into valuable manure called as compost.

Organic matter

Release heat

(Thermophilic state, which helps to destroy pathogens)

Temp 55-60o c

Organic matter compost

(Mesophilic state ,Temp. 25-30o c, promote

mesophilic microbes for rapid decomposition )

Compost : As a Component of INM

Microorganism Involved in Composting

Anaerobes

Which decompose organic matter in absence of oxygen

Two type of microbes which help in composting process are:

Aerobes

Which decompose organic matter in presence of oxygen

Compost : As a Component of INM

Material required for Composting

Farm refuses

• Weeds

• Stubbles bhusa

• Crop residues

• Remnents of fodder

• Hedge clipping

Town refuse

• Night soil

• Street refuse

• Municipal fuse

Animal dung

• Cow dung

• Buffalo dung

• Poultry dung

Compost : As a Component of INM

Methods of Preparation of Compost

This method was developed by A. Howard and Y. D. Wad at the Institute of Plant industry, Indore, India

Demonstration of this method at large scale was initiated at J. N. Krishi Vidyalaya, Indore.

This method was worked out by L. N. Acharya at Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore.

Indore Method Bangalore Method NADEP Method

Compost : As a Component of INM

Indore method

Size of the pit

Raw materials Methods of filling the pits

Turning

Compost : As a Component of INM

Size of the pit

Breadth - 6-8 feet

Depth - 2-3 feet ( not more than 3 feet)

Length - 10 feet or more as per requirement

Indore method

Compost : As a Component of INM

Raw material

Mix plant residues, weeds, sugarcane leaves, grass, wood ashes, bran etc.

Animal dung

Urine soaked mud

Wood ashes

Water

Indore method

Compost : As a Component of INM

Filling the composting pits

One more layer of bedding material with wood ash and urinated mud should be added.

First of all, spread dry wastes with cattle dung and soil in ratio of 4:2:1 up to 2 inch layer in Composting pit.

Afterwards, sprinkle the water over the materials

Pit is filled with above materials up to 1 foot above the ground level

Indore method

Compost : As a Component of INM

Turning

The material is turned three times for proper aeration and moisture.

First turning :

10-15 days after filling the pits.

Second turning :

15 days after first turning.

Third turning :

After 2 month of second turning

Indore method

Compost : As a Component of INM

Bangalore method

This method saves labour cost because there is no need of turning and regular sprinkling of water.

Composting is done in trenches of 30’ × 6’ × 3’ or in pits of 20’ × 6’ ×3.

Size of the pit

Compost : As a Component of INM

Method of Filling the Composting Pits

Finally the heap is covered with 1 inch thick mud.

After 8-9 months all material decomposes and compost becomes ready for the application.

Spread the moist farm refuse at the bottom of the pit up to one inch.

Then, spread two inch of cattle dung and urinated mud followed by 1 or 2 inch layer of soil

This heap is made up to 1.5-2.0 feet above the ground level following above process.

Bangalore method

Compost : As a Component of INM

NADEP Method

This method facilitates a lot of composting through minimum use of cattle dung.

In this method, the decomposition process takes place aerobically.

Compost : As a Component of INM

Steps for NADEP Method of Composting

Selection of site and compost making

Material required

Method of filling tank

Second filling

NADEP Method

Compost : As a Component of INM

Selection of site

Plastering of inner wall and floor of the tank should be done by mixture of dung and mud.

The tank should be located near cattle shed or farm site.

The tank should be 10’ ×6’ ×3’in size and are prepared with 9’ inch thick wall

Proper blocks and holes of 7 inches should be left on all the four side of the tank wall for the circulation of air.

NADEP Method Compost : As a Component of INM

Size of pit

Materials Required

S. No.

Material Quantity (Kg)

1. Farm residues 1400-1500

2. Cattle dung 90-100

3. Dry sieved soil 1750

4. water 1500-2000

NADEP Method

Compost : As a Component of INM

Method of Filling Tank

Slurry made of cow dung and water should be sprinkled on the floor and the walls of tank. The filling of tank follows these steps:

First layer

Plant residues are spread evenly in layer up to 6 inches (10-100 Kg) in tank.

Second layer:

4-5 Kg Cattle dung of gobber gas-slurry in 125 to 150 litres of water should be apply on the first layer.

Third layer:

50-60 Kg sieved soil added on the second layer of tank .

In this way, the tank is filled layer by layer up to 1.5 feet above the brick level of tank.

Filled tank should be covered and sealed by 3 inch layer of soil (300-400Kg)

It should also be pasted with a mixture of dung and soil.

NADEP Method Compost : As a Component of INM

Second Filling

Periodically the paste of cattle dung and water should be sprinkle to maintain 15-20% moisture.

At this stage, the process of the first filling is repeated and again sealed with paste of mud & dung.

After 20 days, the plant residue contracts and goes down in the tank by 20-25 inches.

NADEP Method Compost : As a Component of INM