Comparison of Ukraine and the Great Britain

fulfilled: 22 student groups Kovel professional lyceum Shvorak Elena

Ukraine is one of the largest countries of Eastern

Europe. Ukraine occupies an area of 603 700 km2.Its territory stretches for 893 kilometers from north to

south and for 1316 kilometers from east to west.

It has state borders with Russia, Belarus and Moldova.

It also borders on Poland, Slovakia, Hungary and Romania.

In the south it is washed by the Black and the Azov Seas.

The major part of Ukraine is flat and only 5% of it is mountainous.

The two mountainous areas in Ukraine are the Carpathians and the Crimean Mountains.

The geographical position of Ukraine is very favorable because the country lies on the crossroads of the ways from Asia to Europe.

Ukraine has deposits of iron, manganese, coal, natural gas, oil and other mineral resources.

The main branches of industry are: coal and ore mining, iron and steel engineering, machine and ship building.

Besides, Ukraine has always been an agrarian country.

Traditionally crop- growing and cattle-breeding are being developed.

Ukraine is a sovereign state. It has its own territory,

government, national emblem, state flag and anthem.

• Azure-yellow state flag symbolizes the unity of blue sky and yellow wheat field.

• The little state emblem — trident — appeared first on the seals in times of Volodymyr the Great.

The Constitution of Ukraine was adopted on the 28th of June, 1996.

It confirmed the main principles of our state, the rights, freedoms and duties of every citizen.

It determines the order of the President elections, elections into the Verkhovna Rada, state symbols, independence and sovereignty of Ukraine.

The Constitution proclaims the freedom of speech, outlook and religion.

• Ukraine is one of the members of the United Nations Organization (UNO) and participates in the work of many international organizations.

• Scientists of Ukraine have made a great contribution to the world science.

Education in Ukraine

The system of secondary education in Ukraine includes primary forms and junior and senior secondary forms.

Children usually go to school at the age of 6 or 7. There are some preschool institutions, like nursery

schools or kindergartens, but they are not obligatory.

Primary forms comprise 1 to 4 forms. Junior secondary forms comprise 5 to 9 forms. After the 9th form children can enter technical schools

of different types. Those who want to enter higher educational institutions

should complete 10—11 forms.

Students can also enter higher educational institutions after graduating from specialized colleges or lyceums.

They prepare students in different fields, whether the humanities or the sciences.

Some of them are organized under the authorities of higher educational establishments.

The system of higher education is presented by universities, polytechnic institutes or specialized institutes.

Universities offer a five-year course of study and usually have from six to twelve departments.

Institutes train specialists for industry, agriculture and economy.

Great Britain

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated on the British Isles.

They lie to the north-west of Europe.

The British Isles are separated from the continent by the narrow strait of water which is called the English Channel.

The United Kingdom consists of four parts: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.

England, the central part, occupies the most of the island of Great Britain.

To the north lies Scotland and to the west the third part of the country, Wales, is situated.

The fourth part is called Northern Ireland and is located on the second island.

Each part has its capital. The capital of England is London, Wales

has Cardiff, Scotland has Edinburgh and the main city of Northern Ireland is Belfast.

Great Britain is a country of forests and plains.

There are no high mountains in this country.

Scotland is the most mountainous region with the highest peak, Ben Nevis.

The rivers of Great Britain are not long. The longest rivers are the Thames and the

Severn. The capital of the United Kingdom, London,

stands on the bank of the Thames.

As the country is surrounded by many seas there are some great ports at the seaside: London, Glasgow, Plymouth and others.

Wales is a country of lakes. It has the most famous lake in the world —Loch-Ness.

Seas and oceans influence the British climate which is not too cold in winter but never hot in summer.

Great Britain is a beautiful country with old traditions and good people.

The legislative body, Parliament, consists of two chambers: the House of Lords and the House of Commons.

The judiciary body is independent of both the legislative and the executive ones.

The executive body consists of the central Government — that is the Prime Minister and the Cabinet of Ministers, who are responsible for initiating and directing the national policy.

In Great Britain there is no written constitution, only customs and traditions.

Education in Great Britain

In Great Britain children begin to go to school at the age of five.

First they study at infant schools. In these schools they learn to draw

with coloured pencils and paints.

They also make figures out of plasticine and work with paper and glue. They play much because they are very young. Later they begin to learn letters and read, write and count.

At the age of seven English schoolchildren go to junior schools.

They do many subjects: English and Maths, History and Music, Natural History and Drawing, Handicrafts, French and Latin.

They do not go to school as early as we do, but they stay there longer.

The first lesson usually starts at 9 o’clock. There are 3 lessons with short breaks of 10 minutes

between them and then an hour break for lunch. After lunch they have two more lessons which are

over by half past three. If you have a look at an English pupil’s school

record, you will see that the marks in it differ from the marks we have.

Our schoolchildren get marks from 1 to 12. At English school there are marks from 1 up to 10 and at some schools from 1 up to 100.

Junior school ends at the age of 11 when pupils take the Eleven Plus examination and then secondary school begins.

At the age of 16 schoolchildren take their exams.

Only 45 per cent continue with full-time education after 16.

The rest go to work or join employment training schemes.

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