Climate Change and Ozone Depletion

Presenter: Shakeel AhmedRoll No: MUSTD/08/03

“Climate change is a fargreater threat to the worldthan internationalterrorism.”Sir David King, UK Chief Scientist

1- “Why should we be concerned about Global Warming?”

2- The greenhouse Effect

3- Who are Responsible for Global Warming

4- KEYOTO Protocol

5- Pakistan Environmental Policy

6- Conclusions

Agenda

Climate Change are the greatest environmental threat of the 21st Century, during the 80s and early 90s scientists argued about the causes and effects of Climate change.

In the late 1990s scientists reached a consensus that climate change was a cause for concern.

“Why should we be concerned about Global Warming?”

“When we were industrializing and growing, we didn’t know any better; neither did Europe, now we’re smart enough to figure out how to have the right kind of growth & that is by protecting our environment. we hope rest of the world won’t make the same mistakes we made”

Secretary of State, Hillary Rodham Clinton, 23-02-2009 in China

Greenhouse gases are gases in an atmosphere that absorb and emit radiation within the thermal infrared range. This process is the fundamental cause of the greenhouse effect.

Explanation of the causes of global warming

Some Important Facts • Asia by 2050s:

– Freshwater availability is projected to decrease– Coastal areas, especially heavily-populated mega delta regions will be greatest risk from sea flooding (Like Tsunami)

• Africa by 2020:– Between 75 & 250 million people projected to be exposed increased water stress– In some countries, yields from rain-fed agriculture would be reduced by 50%

• Small Island States:– Sea Level rise is expected to worsen flood, storm surge, erosion and other coastal hazards threatening vital infrastructure– By mid-century reduced water resources in many small island state

Who are Responsible

* Gross domestic product (GDP) * Purchasing power parity (PPP)

Tons / Year

Individuals, businesses, and governments are worried enoughabout the effects of global warming to be beginning to takesome action. Hence, the Kyoto Protocol.This international treaty, signed in December 1997, is now onthe table for countries to endorse and most of them have done so. Countries who do so will make commitments for emissions cuts, with the industrial countries cutting the most. The goal is to cut emissions of greenhouse gases by an average 5.2 percent below 1990 levels by 2012. The protocol is considered binding once the treaty is ratifiedby industrialized countries that contributed 55 percent of thegreenhouse gases emitted in 1990 to 2000.

What is Happening Now?

Pakistan Policy Action Plan 2005

In Order to effectively address challenges posed by climate change and to protect the ozone layer, the Government may:

a- Devise and Implement the National Climatical Change Policy and Action Plan.

b- Establish National clean development Mechanism Authority.

c- Develop and Implement policy and operational work for effective management of CDM Processes.

d- Promote the Ozone friendly Technologies.

e- Phase out the use of ozone depleting substances inline with the provision of the Motreal Protocol.

Impact of Climate Change on Pakistan

a- Water Resources

b- Agricultural Production

c- Forestry and Land use Changes

d- Coastal Zones

e- Extreme Effects

(As Identified in Policy 2005)

Policy Response on Climate Change in Pakistan

a- Pakistan National Communication

b- Impact Assessment and Adaptation

c- Awareness Raising and Capacity Building

d- Green House Gas Inventory

e- Mitigation Options

(As defined in Policy 2005)

Conclusion

“The People who caused this, need to cure it”

3- By working and convincing others on cleaner energy policy, technology and finance to create an enabling environment for sustainable energy – one which promotes reduced greenhouse gas emissions through increased energy efficiency and renewable energy use.

References and Sources

1- Pakistan Environmental Policy, 2005.2- WWW.CANA.NET “Climatic Action Network Australia” 3- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas4- http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=100 60128012125- http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/22/world/asia/ 22diplo.html?_r=16- http://www.unep.org/pdf/081127_POZNANBKL_ web.pdf