PRE-HISTORY (time before writing or this class:)

Scientists who search for human origins• Archeologists excavate early settlements & study evidence (artifacts, bones)• Anthropologist study culture thru artifacts• Paleontologists study fossils

Archeology Rocks! • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vj-Oq8vk

3N4

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vj-Oq8vk3N4

• Artifacts - human made objects such as tools & jewelry (can tell us how people dressed, worked or worshipped)• Culture-people’s unique way of life

Components of cultureCommon practices Shared understandings Social organization

What people eat language family

How is culture learned?

• LUCY (complete skull of an female adult hominid who lived 3.5 mil yrs ago) found by Donald Johanson in Ethiopia in 1974

• 1978 near Laetoli Tanzania, Mary Leakey found

prehistoric footprints made 3.6 mil years ago

• Prints left by australopithecines (human like beings) aka:• Hominids, a group that includes humans & other species that walk upright.

They dev opposable thumbs (crucial to make tools, hold objects)

• Paleolithic or Old Stone Age (2.5 mil to 8000 BC) had:

a. invention of tools b. Dev of language c. Mastery of fire*AKA the Ice Age as glaciers advanced & retreated

• Neolithic Age or New Stone Age(8000 to 3000 BC)

a. People learned to make polished stone tools b. make pottery, c. grow crops d. raise animals

• Homo hablis: 2.5 -1.5 mil years ago

a. found in East Africa (Olduvai gorge) b. made crude Stone tools

• Homo erectus: 1.6 mil yrs-30,000

a. migrated from Africa to Asia, Eur & India b. 1st to use, fire, dev tech, skilled hunters, beginning of spoken language

Homo-sapiens (modern humans) have larger brains & include:

Neanderthals: 200,000-30,000 years ago in Euro & SW asia• Dev ritual burials, religious beliefs, built shelters, made tools

• Homo sapiens also include:• Cro-Magnons-• 40,000 years ago• 5.5 feet tall• Planned hunts• Spoken language• Same as modern humans physically

• Dinosaurs lived during the Mesozoic Era, began 245 million years ago & lasted180 million years.

TRIASSIC• 245 to 208 million years ago * all land on Earth was one large mass called

Pangaea. • Some reptiles, frogs, turtles & crocodiles existed

earlier, but dinosaurs didn’t appear until late in the Triassic period.

• first mammals• Most of the plants that existed were evergreens.• ended with a mass extinction ):

JURASSIC• 208 to 146 million years ago• supercontinent continued to break apart• Dinosaurs flourished• Herbivores & carnivores increased in size; some

of the largest dinosaurs emerged during the Jurassic period

• Birdlike dinosaurs first appeared• Flowering plants began to appear late in the

period

• CRETACEOUS• 146 to 65 million years ago• Pangaea continued to separate• A wide variety of dinosaurs roamed the land• Birds flourished and spread all over the globe• Flowering plants developed• Mammals flourished• Dinosaurs became extinct by the end of the

period. The extinction, the second largest of all time, marked the end of the Age of Reptiles and the beginning of the Age of Mammals.

Advances in Technology and Art

• Early people were Nomads (highly mobile, moved to search for food)• Develop technology: ways• of applying• knowledge, • tools & • inventions to• meet needs

• Used bone, wood, & stone to create tools (knives, hooks, needles, harpoons)• And for weapons: spears, axe

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xhCPm2cjq6Q

• Necklaces of claws, polished bone• Sculptures• Cave paintings using paint from charcoal, mud & blood

• Beginning of Agriculture: Neolithic Revolution caused by:• rising temps led to longer growing season• Pop rose, need new sources of food• Slash and burn farming

• Domestication (taming) of animals such as pigs, horses, dogs, goats (driven in to be slaughtered, later raised)

• Farming dev independently all over world : Africa in Nile Valley, China in Huang He, Mexico, Peru

in Andes

Civilization develops!!

•How do you define civilization?•What are 5 things you need to have a civilization?

What is a Civilization? • It is an advanced society that is

highly organized .• Don’t write: Civilizations are

characterized by: 1. permanent settlements,

2. trade, labor, workers 3. government, laws, religion & social hierarchy 4. written language, 5. achievement in technology, art & architecture.

• Stable communities dev based on agriculture• food surpluses (thanks to irrigation, tools) allow other skills to develop• Trade dev w/ new products created (wheel and sail allow goods to move over long distances)

5 Characteristics 1. Advanced Cities/Settlements

• Not just size of pop• City is center of trade for large area (market for goods)

*Buildings w/ defined purpose

5 Characteristics 2. Specialized Workers

• Specialization: dev of skills in a specific kind of work• surplus of food allowed people to become experts in other areas.• Artisans: skilled workers who make goods by hand

5 Characteristics

• Institution: long lasting pattern of organization in a community• Examples include govt, religion & economy• Need to maintain order & est laws

.3. Complex Institutions (govt/Religion)

4. Record Keeping• As govt, econ & religion get more complex, people needed way to keep records. (taxes, laws, rituals etc)• Most develop system of writing• Later write about dramatic events

5. Improved Technology

• New tools & techniques needed to solve problems Ex: plows, pottery wheels• Change from stone & copper to bronze• Art & architecture develop

• Social classes (w/ wealth, power, influence) emerge as special groups of workers form• Religion more organized w/ gods/goddesses who they believed had power over nature• Rituals & traditions develop

Document - Sep 10, 2014 - mcf1016@swcsd.us - South-Western City Schools Mail.htm

•What similarities do you see between the paintings?• How are they similar or different to modern day public murals?•Why do you think they used cave walls for the paintings?

• Create 2 cave paintings of your own.

• First should show the culture of CCHS

• The other should show future observers about what is important to the average teen in today's world!!

• For each, provide a detailed explanation of what YOU are showing in each painting and why you used it!!

How would civilization be different?

• What if agriculture had never been invented?

• What if cities had never been invented?

• What if fire had not been controlled?

• What if writing had never been invented?

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lAPUK0AF7us

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-3Hwyox4FFk

• Bill nye

1. Pick up a card sheet, It’s in the Cards, a piece of paper, glue & scissors

2. Read the Visitor page & answer the ???

3. Cut out the cards. Organize them in the order you think civilization developed.

4. Have me check them. Glue them to a piece of paper.

5. Last, fill in characteristics of the civilization on the It’s in the Cards sheet. Each card will fit into a spot (summarize it)

Getting to know the land

1. List items we need & how people meet those needs to survive on What Do We Need?

2. List the advantages/ disadvantages of each landform on back

3. Now, imagine you are a bunch of nomads. Pick a map where your group would settle. Pay attention to the key.

4. Now answer Taking Stock of my Stakes based off of your choice!

Specialized workers1. With a partner, fill in the items

needed to produce a house2. Next, complete the Help Wanted

section3. Then, address Making the

Connections4. Finally answer these two

questions on the back: a. Explain WHY labor is often specialized in a civilization? b. How do peoples jobs relate to

their status in society?

Resources! 1. Get in groups of 4 & pair off. Pick up Why They Starve, 2 copies of

Rules of the Game, 1 game

board/envelope2. Read why they starve & answer the ?s.3. Follow the directions on Rules of the

Game (cut out pieces,color/label each teams tokens, pull cards out of envelope)

4. Play the game & follow rules5. Finally, answer the debriefing the game as a group! (in sentences!) & put cars back in envelope. Return it & game board

Governments! 1. Law of the Land: check out some

of Hammurabi’s law. Put a + if they are good, – if they are bad & a ? if you don’t know!

2. Next, Shipwrecked! How would your group establish laws & maintain order!

3. You be the Judge: Why do we need the different aspects of govt? Discuss & answer with your group