Atomic structure &

chemical Bonding

Rutherford’s experiment

Neils Bohr Atomic Model

K L MN O P+

Neils Bohr Atomic Model

Neils Bohr Atomic Model

E2 – E1 = hƳ∆E = hƳ

p- orbital orientation

2pz 2px 2py

p- orbital orientation

d- orbital orientation

K L M N

n = 1 n = 2 n = 3 n = 4

s s p s p d s p d f

Transition of principal orbital into sub-orbitalsin absence of magnetic field

K L M N

n = 1 n = 2 n = 3 n = 4

s s p s p d s p d f

Transition of principal orbital into sub-orbitalsin presence of magnetic field

1S

2S

6S

7S

3S

8S

4S

5S

2P

6P

7P

3P

4P

5P

6d

3d

4d

5d

4f

5f

Moiler diagramfor auf-bow principle

Hydrogen

Water

Sodium Chloride

ƪ

∏

Hydrogen

Chlorine

HydrogenChloride

s – s

s – p

p – p

Water

Ammonia

Water

OXYZEN

NITROGEN

O = O

∏

ƪ

N ≡ N

∏

∏

ƪ

Ammonia

Ammonia

Pyramidal

Phosphorous trichloride

Phosphorous trichloride

Pyramidal

PhosphorousPenta

chloride

PhosphorousPenta

chloride

PhosphorousPenta

chloride

Trigonalbipyramidal

Carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide

magnesium

MgCO3 MgO + CO2

4500C

∆

MgO + Cl2 + C MgCl2 + CO10000C

∆

Molten Magnesium Chloride produced in the above process will be added NaCl and KCl

The addition of above salts will reduce meltingPoint of substance and it also increases its conductivity

Preparation molten MgCl2

Electrolysis of magnesium chloride