Science 24Science 24

Chemistry Unit!...Chemistry Unit!...

Chapter 1 Useful ChemistryChapter 1 Useful Chemistry

Matter and Chemical Matter and Chemical ChangeChange

Synthetic products are man-made Synthetic products are man-made substancessubstances

These include: nylon (first synthetic)These include: nylon (first synthetic) KevlarKevlar Gore-Tex andGore-Tex and PolyesterPolyester

Over one hundred years ago fabric Over one hundred years ago fabric was made from natural sources. We was made from natural sources. We now rely more on synthetic now rely more on synthetic materials. materials.

Although it is still common to use Although it is still common to use natural sources such as cotton, wool, natural sources such as cotton, wool, silk and flax (linen).silk and flax (linen).

PesticidesPesticides

Pest means “unwanted” and Pest means “unwanted” and cide means “killing” cide means “killing”

Pesticides are used to kill things that Pesticides are used to kill things that humans consider pestshumans consider pests

Herbicides kill plants, Insecticides Herbicides kill plants, Insecticides kill insects and Fungicides kill fungikill insects and Fungicides kill fungi

We use pesticides and herbicides We use pesticides and herbicides and fungicides to insure that our and fungicides to insure that our land can grow adequate amounts of land can grow adequate amounts of food…but we can also use non-food…but we can also use non-chemical methods to control chemical methods to control unwanted bugs…unwanted bugs…

Plastics, Polymers and Plastics, Polymers and AlloysAlloys

Polymers are giant molecules made Polymers are giant molecules made up of many small identical sub-up of many small identical sub-moleculesmolecules

Synthetic Polymers and Synthetic Polymers and Their UsesTheir Uses

PolymerPolymer PropertieProperties s

UsesUses

NeopreneNeoprene Rubbery, Rubbery, porous and porous and insulatinginsulating

Shoe soles, Shoe soles, wetsuits, wetsuits, floosie-floosie-woosieswoosies

PolyethylenePolyethylene Easily formed Easily formed and and lightweightlightweight

Milk jugsMilk jugs

PolystyrenePolystyrene Non-Non-absorbing, absorbing, poor poor conductorconductor

StyrofoamStyrofoam

InsulationInsulation

PolyurethanePolyurethane Flexible, Flexible, fibrous, non-fibrous, non-absorbingabsorbing

Upholstery Upholstery and clothingand clothing

AlloysAlloys

An alloy is a mixture of metals in An alloy is a mixture of metals in solution made to look like one metal, solution made to look like one metal, they have properties of the original they have properties of the original metal.metal.

Chemistry at HomeChemistry at Home

Dangerous chemicals in your home Dangerous chemicals in your home carry warning labelscarry warning labels

HHPS – Hazardous Household HHPS – Hazardous Household Product SymbolsProduct Symbols

The symbols are inside of shapes The symbols are inside of shapes that look like road signs.that look like road signs.

That way it is easier to remember That way it is easier to remember how dangerous they are…how dangerous they are…

Chemist’s Chocolate Chip Chemist’s Chocolate Chip CookiesCookies

500 mL mixture of 75% starch and 500 mL mixture of 75% starch and 25% protein (flour)25% protein (flour)

5 mL NaHCO5 mL NaHCO3(s)3(s) - sodium hydrogen - sodium hydrogen carbonate (baking soda)carbonate (baking soda)

5mL NaCl5mL NaCl(s)(s) 250 mL – CH 250 mL – CH33(CH(CH22))

(16)(16)COOHCOOH(s)(s) – partially hydrogenated – partially hydrogenated tallow triglyceride or butter)tallow triglyceride or butter)

175 mL – refined C175 mL – refined C1212HH2222OO11(s)11(s) (sucrose (sucrose

or white sugar)or white sugar)

175 mL refined C175 mL refined C1212HH2222OO11(s)11(s) (sucrose (sucrose refined with molasses or brown sugar)refined with molasses or brown sugar)

5 mL C5 mL C88HH88OO3(l)3(l) ( (4 hydroxy-3-4 hydroxy-3-

methanoxybenzaldehyde or vanillamethanoxybenzaldehyde or vanilla)) 2 medium calcium carbonate 2 medium calcium carbonate

encapsulated avian-produced, encapsulated avian-produced, albumen-coated protein, shells albumen-coated protein, shells removed (eggs)removed (eggs)

500 mL C500 mL C1212HH2222OO11(s)11(s) theoborma cacao theoborma cacao chips (chocolate chips)chips (chocolate chips)