CHAPTER 13, SECTION 4

Infectious and Non infectious Diseases

What does HIV stand for and where can it exist?Human immunodeficiency virusIt can exist in blood and body fluids

Name 5 ways HIV can be transmitted.1. Having sexual intercourse with an

infected person2. Contaminated needles3. Blood transfusion4. Pregnant infected woman can pass it

to her child through the placenta5. Child can also be infected through

birth process or nursing

HIV cannot be transmitted by…Touching infected personHandling objects used by the person

unless they have bodily fluids on themToilet seat

What is AIDS and what causes it?AIDS is Acquired Immune Deficiency

Syndrome—a disease that attacks the body’s immune system, mainly the T cells

It is caused by the HIV virus

How does the HIV virus affect the body?The virus enters the T cell and multipliesSo many T cells are destroyed that the B

cells cannot make antibodiesThe immune system cannot fight the

pathogens that enter the body

Name 4 ways to fight disease.Washing with soap and waterCleaning the wound with antisepticBandageDental floss

What does noninfectious mean?Diseases that are not spread from one

person to another

Name 5 non infectious diseases.1. Allergies2. Cancer3. Diabetes4. Asthma5. Heart Disease

What does it mean if a disease is chronic?The disease can last for a long time.

Name one chronic infectious disease.Lyme disease

An allergy is…An overly strong reaction of the immune

system to a foreign substance

What are allergens?Substances that cause an allergic

responseExamples: chemicals, certain foods,

pollen , mold, dust, cat hair

How does your body react to an allergen?Your immune system usually forms

antibodiesYour body releases histamines

What is asthma?A lung disorder associated with reactions

to allergens

What are antihistamines?Medications that can be used to treat

allergic reactions and asthma

What is diabetes?A chronic disease associated with the

levels of insulin produced by the pancreas

What is cancer?A group of closely related diseases that

result from uncontrolled cell growthA complicated disease

How does Cancer spread within the body?Cancerous cells can leave a tumor,

spread throughout the body via blood and lymph vessels, and then invade other tissues

Name 4 causes of Cancer.SmokingChemicalsX-raysUltra-violet radiation

How do we prevent cancer?Know the causes and protect yourself