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This slideshow was created to accompany the fourth chapter of Communicate! by Kathleen S. Verderber, Rudolph F. Verderber and Deanna D. Sellnow. Publisher: Wadsworth/Cengage Learning. ISBN-13: 978-0-495-90171-6
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By: Miranda Emery
Nonverbal communication- All human communication beyond spoken/written words
Nonverbal communication behaviors- Signals that typically accompany our verbal message; (eyes/face, gestures, appearance)
Emoticons- Symbolic pictures made with keyboard characters to represent emotional tone
Inevitable Primary conveyor of our emotions Multichanneled Ambiguous◦ Varies based upon culture, sex, gender, context, or situation
Use of body◦ Kinesics- What and how body motions communicate Gestures- Movement of hands, arms, and fingers Illustrators- Augment the verbal message (“About this high”)
Emblems- Stand alone and substitute words/thoughts (Agreed upon within culture)
Adaptors- Gestures that occur unconsciously as a response to a physical need (scratch, adjust glasses)
◦ Oculesics- Eye contact◦ Facial Expression- Arrangement of facial muscles to communicate emotion or reaction
◦ Posture- How we position (body orientation) and move our body (body movement) Shows attentiveness, respect, and level of dominance
Body orientation- Posture in relation to other people Direct body orientation- Facing Indirect- Angled
Body movement- Can be motivated (helps clarify meaning) or unmotivated (distracting from point)
◦ Haptics- What and how touch communicates
Use of voice◦ Vacalics- Interpretation of a vocal message based on the paralinguistic features
◦ Paralanguage- Voiced but not verbal part of a spoken message Pitch- Highness or lowness of vocal tone Volume- Loudness or softness of vocal tone Rate- Speed at which a person speaks Quality (Timbre)- Sound of the voice that distinguishes it from others
Intonation- Variety, melody, or inflection in one’s voice
Vocalized pauses- Extraneous sounds or words that interrupt fluent speech (like, uh, um, you know, well)
Use of space◦ Proxemics- How space and distance communicate Personal space- Distance we try to maintain when we talk to another Intimate distance- Up to 18 inches (private conversations)
Personal distance- 18 inches to 4 feet (casual conversation)
Social distance- 4 to 12 feet (impersonal business, interview)
Public distance- More than 12 feet
Physical space- Part of the physical environment over which we exert control
Artifacts- Objects and possessions we use to decorate the physical space we control
Use of time◦ Chronemics- How we interpret time (cultural context) Monochronic time orientation- Efforts into one task, when done or time allotted to focus on that task is over, we move on
Polychronic time orientation- Multitask
Self Presentation Cues◦ Physical Appearance- People make judgments based on looks Endomorphs- Round and heavy. (Stereotype: Kind, gentle and jovial)
Mesomorphs- Muscular and strong. (Stereotype: Energetic, outgoing, and confident)
Ectomorphs- Lean and have little muscle. (Stereotype: Brainy, anxious, and cautious)
◦ Clothing and grooming
Sending nonverbal messages◦ Be conscious of nonverbal behaviors you are displaying
◦ Be purposeful in your use of nonverbal communication
◦ Make sure that your nonverbal cues do not distract from your message
◦ Make your nonverbal communication match your verbal message
◦ Adapt your nonverbal behavior to the situation
Interpreting nonverbal messages◦ Do not automatically assume that a particular behavior means the same to everyone
◦ Consider nonverbal behaviors as they relate to the context of your message
◦ Pay attention to the multiple nonverbal cues being sent and their relationship to the verbal message
◦ Use perception checking