Chapter 17 Chapter 17 Atlantic Revolutions and Atlantic Revolutions and Their EchoesTheir Echoes

1750-1914 1750-1914

Nineteenth Century “isms”Conservatism NationalismLiberalism Feminism

Abolitionism Imperialism

Also Industrialism, Socialism, and Marxism, but that is for later

Conservatism – feared change

Classical LiberalismEnlightenment ideas (nat rights), constitutions, govt. representation (vote), and free markets

North American Revolution and

The United States of America

Motives and Effects?

The Enlightenment in Practice

Nationalism 1. cultural pride, loyalty, importance 2. desire to create a new nation

Many nationalistic wars and revolts in the 1800s

Napoleonic France/Anti-Napoleon Greece (Otto) Germany Italy Hungarians Zionists Irish USA Japan Egypt India Arabs (Otto) etc.

Abolitionismslavery was immoral, economically

outdated, and violated natural rights

Ending the Slave TradeEnding the Slave Trade1794 France (but returned in 1802)1794 France (but returned in 1802)1803 Denmark-Norway1803 Denmark-Norway1807 British1807 British1814 Netherlands (Dutch)1814 Netherlands (Dutch)1818 France again1818 France again1865 USA1865 USA1873 Spain1873 Spain1888 Portugal1888 Portugal

Emancipation did not mean the end to hardships

Feminismeducation, property, representation

Mary Wollstonecraft(1759-1796)

Education for women

1792 A

Vindication of the

Rights of Woman

Emily Davidson(1872-1913)

Video\Emily Davison at the Derby 1913.wmv

Women’s Suffrage (not comprehensive)New Zealand, 1893Finland, 1906Austria, Poland, Germany, Russia, 1918USA, 1920Britain, 1924France, 1945China, 1949India, 1950Canada, 1960Portugal, 1976South Africa, 1994Saudi Arabia, 2015

economic and political control of an

area

resources and markets

Imperialism

The French Revolution and Napoleonic Era 1789-1815

Why does the French Revolution and Napoleonic Era matter?

First Estate Catholic Clergy

1% of pop (~130,000)

Exempt from land tax

Second Estate

Nobility2% of pop (~400,000)

Resisted TaxationFeudal Privileges

Third Estate Commoners97% of pop (~25 mil)

From wealthy to poor

King Louis XVI(1754-1793)

Marie Antoinette(1755-1793)

Financial Crisis

• War debt (7 and US)

• Food Shortage Prices &

Unemployment

“The distance which separates the rich from other citizens is growing daily and poverty becomes more insupportable at the sight of the astonishing progress of luxury which tires the view of the poor. Hatred grows more bitter and the state is divided into two classes: the greedy and insensitive, and the murmuring malcontents”

-French author Louis Mercier, 1783

The National Assembly and the June

20, 1789 The Tennis Court Oath

““We swear never to separate ourselves from the National Assembly, and We swear never to separate ourselves from the National Assembly, and to reassemble wherever circumstances require, until the constitution of to reassemble wherever circumstances require, until the constitution of

the realm is drawn up and fixed upon solid foundations.”the realm is drawn up and fixed upon solid foundations.”

July 14, 1789 attack on the Bastille

Aug 26, 1789

Declaration of the Rights of Man and

of the Citizen

17921792 aa RepublicRepublic was formedwas formed

Monarchy Abolished

Sans Culottes

Radical revolutionary

3rd Estate urban workers

1792 September Massacres------------------------------1,600+ Prisoners

killed and violence against the Church

Maximilien Robespierre

(1758-1794)Radical

Leadership“It is with regret that I

pronounce the fatal truth: Louis must die that the

country may live”

Jan. 21, 1793 Louis XVI executed

War against Austria, Prussia, Spain, Britain, and Holland

Committee of Public Safety’s

Reign of TerrorReign of TerrorSept 1793 - July 1794Sept 1793 - July 1794

- - New Constitution SuspendedNew Constitution Suspended

- - DechristianizationDechristianization- - 40,000 Executions40,000 Executions

Nationalistic French Republic Army defeated other nations

1794, Reign of Terror ended with the death of Robespierre

Why did the French

Revolution turn so violent, while

American Revolution

violence was largely

limited to the war?

1799Coup d’etat

underGeneral

Napoleon Bonaparte

1804 Napoleon Crowned Emperor

1804 Code Napoleon-Legal Equality (men)-Meritocracy-Property Protection-Religious tolerance

The Napoleonic Wars1803-1815

The Grande Armée

Revolution/Napoleonic Era France battledUK, Prussia, Austria, Spain, Russia, Sweden, Dutch Republic, French

Royalists, Ottomans, Portugal, Saxony, Bavaria, Sicily, Sardinia, Naples

1806 Holy Roman Empire

defeated and position

eliminated

“This is my dear son”

1812 Disastrous Russian invasion

June 18, 1815Battle of Waterloo Belgium

Exiled to St. Helena

Death5-5-1821

Spanish American

Revolutions 1810-1825

Why so much later than North America?

Less self-governance

Complicated race/class hierarchy

1808 Napoleon invaded Spain and Portugal

Political disarray

Mexican Independence

1810-1821Different groups with

different motives

Father Miguel Hidalgo

September 16, 1810

Cry of Dolores(Grito de Dolores)

Mexican Independence Day

Priests Miguel Hidalgo and Jose Morelos launched a failed lower

class rebellion (both executed)

Landowning creoles

defeated the lower class

revolution and launched their

own successful rebellion

Emperor Agustín de Iturbide

Other creole leaders

used nationalism

to unite “Americans” against Spain and Portugal

Jose de San Martin

(1778-1850)Led revolts in

Argentina, Chile, and Peru

Simon Bolivar

(1783-1830)“Pan-Americanism”

Led revolts in Peru, Bolivia, Venezuela,

Colombia, and Ecuador

Independence wonArgentina 1816

Chile 1818

Peru 1824

Ecuador 1830

Venezuela 1845

Bolivia 1847

Colombia 1919

Liberalism FailedPan-Americanism Failed

Lower class gained little

USA/France/Haiti/Latin AmericaCausesActionsEffects

8 groups list CAE of one of the fourthen combine to four groups and put on

board

thesis statement to compare any 2