CELL

1800’s

1859 : Darwin publishes On the origin of Species,

proposing continual evolution of species.

1865 : Mendele’s peas

1869 : DNA Fist Isolated

1879 : Mitosis Observed

1900’s

1900 : Rediscovery of Mendel’s work

1902 : Orderly

1902 : Chromosome Theory of Heredity

1909 : The word Gene Coined

1911 : Fruit Files Illuminate the

1940’s

1941 : One Gene, One Enzyme

1943 : X-ray Diffraction of DNA

1944 : DNA is “Transforming Principle”

1944 : Jumping Genes

CELL – TIME LINE

Darwin publishes On the origin of Species,

proposing continual evolution of species.

Mendele’s peas

DNA Fist Isolated

Mitosis Observed

Rediscovery of Mendel’s work

Orderly Inheritance of Disease Observed

Chromosome Theory of Heredity

The word Gene Coined

Fruit Files Illuminate the Chromosome Theory

One Gene, One Enzyme

ray Diffraction of DNA

DNA is “Transforming Principle”

Jumping Genes

Darwin publishes On the origin of Species,

1950’s

1952 : Genes are Made of DNA 1953 : DNA Double Helix

1955 : 46 Human Chromosomes

1955 : DNA Copying Enzyme

1956 : Cause of Disease Traced to Alternation

1958 : Semiconservative Replication of DNA

1959 : Chromosome Abnormalities Identified

1960’s

1961 : mRNA Ferries Information 1961 : First Screen for Metabolic Defect in Newborns

1966 : Genetic Code Cracked

1968 : First Restriction Enzymes Described

1970’s

1972 : First Recombinant DNA 1973 : First Animal Gene cloned

1975 -77: DNA Sequencing

1976 : First Genetic Engineering Company

1977 : Introns Discovered

1980’s

1981-82 : First Transgenic Mice and Fruit Files

1982 : GenBank Dateabase Formed

1983 : First Disease Gene Mapped

1983 : PCR Invented

1986 : First Time Gene Positionally Cloned

1987 : First Human Genetic Map

1987 : YACs Developed

1989 : Microsatellites, New Genetic Markers

1989 : Sequence-tagged Sites, Another Marker

1990 – 1994

1990 : Launch of Human Genome Project

1990 : ELSI founded

1990 : Research on BACs

1991 : ESTs, Fragments of Genes 1992 : Second-generation Genetic Map of Human Genome

1992 : Data Release Guidelines Established

1993 : NEW HGP Five-year Plan

1994 : FLAVR SAVR Tomato 1994 : Detailed Human Genetic Map

1994 : Microbial Genome Project

1995 – 1996

1995 : Ban on Genetic Discrimination in Workplace

1995 : Two Microbial Genomes Sequenced

1995 : Physical Map of Human Genome Completed

1996 : International Strategy meeting on Human Genome

Sequencing

1996 : Mouse Genetic map Completed

1996 : Yeast Genome Sequenced

1996 : Archaea Genome Sequenced

1996 : Health Insurance Discrimination Banned

1996 : 280,000 Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs)

1996 : Human Gene Map Created

1996 : Human DNA Sequence Begins

1997 – 1999

1997 : Bermuda Meeting Affirms Principle of Data Release 1997 : E.coli Genome Sequenced

1997 : Recommendations on Genetic Testing

1998 : Private Company Announces Sequencing Plan

1998 : M. Tuberculosis Bacterium Sequenced

1998 : Committee on Genetic Testing

1998 : HGP Map Includes 30,000 Human Genes

1998 : New HGP Gals for 2003 1998 : SNP Initiative Begins

1998 : Genome of Roundworm C.elegans Sequenced

1999 : Full-scale Human Genome Sequencing

1999 : Chromosome 22

2000 – 2001

2000 : Free Access to Genomic Information

2000 : Chromosome 21

2000 : Working Draft

2000 : Drosophila and Arabidopsis genome sequenced 2000 : Executive Order Bans Genetic Discrimination in the

Federal Workplace

2000 : Yeast Interactome Published 2000 : Fly model of Parkinson’s Disease Reported

2001 : First Draft of the Human Genome Sequence

Released

2001 : RNA Shuts off mammalian Genes 2001 : FDA Approves Genetics-based Drug to Treat

Leukemia

2002 – 2003

2002 : Mouse Genome Sequenced 2002 : Researches find genetic Variation Associated with

prostate Cancer

2002 : Researchers Find genetic Variation Associated with

Prostate Cancer

2002 : Rice Genome Sequenced

2002 : The International HapMap Project is Announced

2002 : The Genomes to life program is Launched 2002 : Researchers Identify Gene linked to Bipolar Disorder

2003 : Human Genome Project Completed

2003 : Fiftieth anniversary of Watson and Crick’s

Description of the double Helix 2003 : The First National DNA Day Celebrated

2003 : ENCODE program Begins

2003 : Premature Aging Gene identified