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Carbon Compounds .

Carbon Compounds

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Page 1: Carbon Compounds

Carbon Compounds

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Page 2: Carbon Compounds

Saturated Hydrocarbons

• A Hydrocarbon is an organic compound that contains only the elements hydrogen and carbon.

• In a saturated hydrocarbon, all the bonds are single bonds.

• Alkane is another name for a saturated hydrocarbon.

Page 3: Carbon Compounds

Ethane

Page 4: Carbon Compounds

Characteristics of Hydrocarbons

• Factors that determine the properties of a hydrocarbon are:

• The number of carbon atoms

• How the atoms are arranged:

Straight chain

Branched chain

Ring

Page 5: Carbon Compounds

Straight Chains• A hydrocarbon can

contain one carbon atom, as in methane or thousands of carbon atoms, as in cellulose

One carbon Methane

Two carbon ethane

Three carbon propane

Four carbon butane

Five carbons pentane

Six carbon hexane

Page 6: Carbon Compounds

Halosomers

Page 7: Carbon Compounds

Branched Chains

• The structural formula for certain alkanes can differ.

• Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulas are isomers.

Page 8: Carbon Compounds

The Ring

• Carbons can be arranged in a ring, such as cyclobutane.

Page 9: Carbon Compounds

Unsaturated Hydrocarbons

• A hydrocarbon that contains one or more double or triple bonds is an unsaturated hydrocarbon.

• There are three types of unsaturated hydrocarbons alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic hydrocarbons.

Page 10: Carbon Compounds

Alkenes

• Many fruit bearing plants produce ethene, which controls the rate at which fruits ripening.

Page 11: Carbon Compounds

Alkynes

• Alkynes are the most reactive hydrocarbon compounds.

• They produce extremely high temperatures while burning.

Page 12: Carbon Compounds

Aromatic Hydrocarbons

• These alternating single and double bond hydrocarbons form a ring.

• Many of these compounds have strong aromas or odors.

Page 13: Carbon Compounds

Fossil Fuels

• Three types of fossil fuels are coal, petroleum, and natural gas.

• The primary products of the complete combustion of fossil fuels are carbon dioxide and water

Page 14: Carbon Compounds

Substituted Hydrocarbons

• The functional group in an alcohol is a hydroxyl group, -OH.

• The functional group in an organic acid is a carboxyl group,-COOH.

• The functional group in an amine is an amino group, -NH2

Page 15: Carbon Compounds

Alcohols

• When a halocarbon reacts with a hydroxyl group.

Page 16: Carbon Compounds

Polymers

• Polymers can be classified as natural polymers or synthetic polymers.

• Rubber, nylon, and polyethylene are three examples of compounds than can be synthesized.

Page 17: Carbon Compounds

Types

• Four types of polymers produced in plant and animal cells are:

• Starches• Cellulose• Nucleic acids

• Proteins