capsicum

Made by :

Khloud A.Elbaset

under supervision

of

Prof. Dr. /

MOHAMED

ELSAYED

Introduction

Family : capsicum (the name it came

from )

Molecular Formula: C18H27NO3

IUPAC Name : 8-Methyl-N-vanillyl-trans-

6-nonenamide

Molecular Mass :305.41 g/mol

Appearance : colorless crystalline or

hydrophobic (waxy) compound

Melting point: 62 - 65 °C

Chemical structure :

Capsaicin and its analogues:

Uses Food

Because of the burning sensation caused by capsaicin when it comes in contact with human flesh, it is commonly used in food products to give them added spice.

Hot sauce is an example of a product customarily containing large

amounts of capsaicin and may contain chili peppers

Medical uses Capsaicin is currently used:

1.In ointments to relieve the pain of peripheral neuropathy such as post-herpetic neuralgia caused by shingles. It may be used in concentrations of between 0.025% and 0.075%

2.It may also be used as a cream for the temporary relief of minor aches and pains of muscles and joints associated with arthritis, simple backache.

3. may cause weight loss :Past research

suggests that obesity can be reduced by

preventing immature fat cells (adipocytes) from

developing into mature cells.

4. capsaicin is being explored as a cure for

. researchers in Toronto, Canadadiabetes by

Capsaicin was injected into pancreatic sensory

nerves of mice with Type 1 diabetes because of

a suspected link between the nerves and

diabetes, & it is also has a role in controlling

type 11 diabetes …….

American Association for Cancer ResearchThe . 5

reports studies suggesting capsaicin is able to

cells by causing them to prostate cancerkill

. apoptosisundergo

Mechanism of action A. Feeling pain :

Capsaicin, as a member of the vanilloid family,

binds to a receptor called the vanilloid

receptor(VR1)

By binding to the VR1, result in "depolarization"

of the neuron stimulates it to release a

neurotransmitter signal the brain ( feel pain or

burn sensation )…

B. Desensitization

With chronic exposure to capsaicin, neurons are

depleted of neurotransmitters. This leads to

reduction in sensation of pain and blockade of

neurogenic inflammation. If capsaicin is

removed, the neurons recover.

Mech. Of diabetes control :

In Type1 diabetes

Scientists “Doctor Dosch” found that islet cells in diabetics were surrounded by an "enormous" number of pain nerves that signaled the brain that the pancreatic tissue was damaged ; thusthe pancreas fails to produce sufficient levels of insulin, causing inflammation and death of insulin-producing islet cells in the pancreas.

into capsaicinTo test their theory, they injected , to kill the diabetes1 Type mice that had

animals' pancreatic pain nerves. The researchers said they were stunned to discover that the injected mice's islet cells began

. normally almost immediatelyinsulinproducing

N.B :Capsaicin "high“

The "capsaicin high" is a euphoric:

As It is theorized that the pain induced by

capsaicin causes the human body to release

endorphins. Eventually, enough are released

to create a sensation that is frequently

compared to "runner's high".

Practical experiment

Tools :

a. Capsaicin extraction:

1) Finely chop/grind the peppers

2) Add solvent, allow capsaicin to dissolve in it.

3) Filter, evaporate filtrate.

b. 4 gps of 5 rats

Method :

1. 4 gps of 5 rats ( control , 3 diabetic ).

a. control with normal BGL eats normally .

b. gp2 diabetic rats with diet control .

c. gp3 diabetic rats taking insulin treatment

d. gp4 diabetic rats taking capsaicin.

2. Insulin and capsaicin administration :

Two injections daily of a mixture of insulin or capsaicin 50mg/kg (before breakfast and the main evening meal)

Injections by syringe are usually given into the deep SC tissue through a two-finger pinch of skin at a 45° angle

Gp 1 gp2 gp3

gp4

Control diabetic diabetic

diabetic

Tests :

1. blood glucose level :

a.fasting blood glucose level

b. postprandial glucose level

2. HTRF® Insulin assay: The assay is a

sandwich immunoassay that uses two

monoclonal antibodies, one labeled with Eu3+-

Cryptate and one labeled with XL665 that

recognize distinct epitopes. The assay is

performed in a single step and only requires one

incubation

Results

gp4gp3gp2Control Test

90mg/dl

115mg/dl

140mg/dl

100mg/dl

180mg/dl

200mg/dl

80mg/dl

110mg/dl

BGL:

a. FBG

b. PPGL

+ + +ve+ +ve-ve+ + + +veInsulin test

Graphs

Conclusion :

In case of diabetes type 1 ( insulin

dependent diabetes ) capsaicin is used for

treatment of pancreatic neurons

inflammation result in producing insulin

normally again .