NutrientsReview Lesson 101

Types of nutrients

Nutrients

Types of nutrients

Nutrients

Proteins

Fats

Carbohydrates

Minerals

Vitamins

Water

Why do we need nutrients?

• For energy to do work (fats and carbohydrates)

• To help repair worn out cells and help in growth and development (proteins)

Protein Structure

Protein Structure

• 23 different types

• Contains Nitrogen, Carbon, Oxygen and Hydrogen

Amino acids

• Long chains of amino acids combined together

Polypeptides • There are 4

levels of proteins

Proteins

Fats Structure

Fats Structure

Fats 3 Fatty acids and 1 glycerol

Fat molecule

Gly

cero

l Fatty acidFatty acidFatty acid

Types of Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates

Types of Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates

Monosaccharide

Glucose

Fructose

Disaccharide

Sucrose

Maltose

Polysaccharide

Starch Cellulose

Glycogen

Structures

General

term

Carbohydrates

Starch

Cellulose

Glycogen

Structures

PolysaccharideDisaccharideMonosacchari

deGeneral term

Carbohydrates Glucose Maltose

Starch

Cellulose

Glycogen

Condensation

Hydrolysis

Food tests: Fats

Fats

Solution remains

clear

Cloudy white

emulsion

formed

Negative

Ethanol emulsion test

Positive Ethanol emulsion test

Food tests: Fats

Fats

Food tests: Proteins

Proteins

Solution

remains blue

Solution turns purple

Negative

Biuret test

Positive

Biuret test

Food tests: Reducing sugars

(monosaccharides and

maltose)

Reducing sugars

Solution remains blue

Green/yellow/

orange/red precipitate

forms

Negative Benedict’s

test

Positive Benedict’s

test

Food tests: Starch test

Starch

Remains

brown

Turns blue-black

Negative

Iodine test

Positive

Iodine test

Water PropertiesWater

propertyHigh latent heat of

vaporisation

High specific heat capacity

Water expands when it freezes

Water is a universal solvent

Water has strong cohesive forces of

attraction

Observations

You feel cooler when you sweat as sweat

evaporates

Water remains cool despite a hot weather

Coke bottles will burst in the freezer

Our body has 70% water

Water droplets remain spherical