The Beyond Boundaries Initiative:The Beyond Boundaries Initiative:Promoting Development and Capacity Promoting Development and Capacity Building in Kenya with International Building in Kenya with International

Security AssistanceSecurity Assistance

December, 2010Nairobi, Kenya

Donor Government PrioritiesDonor Government Priorities

• Terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 alters many governments’ security priorities

• Dual focus for international security assistance focuses on:– Nonproliferation of nuclear, biological and

chemical weapons: $20 billion G8 Global Partnership established to provide international assistance

– Counterterrorism: Even larger sums of money dedicated to counterterrorism capacity building assistance worldwide

UN Security Council Resolution 1373UN Security Council Resolution 1373• Passed unanimously on September 28, 2001• Response to September 11 terrorist attacks • Legally binding call to

– Deny safe haven to those who finance, plan, support or commit acts of terrorism.

– Develop measures to criminalize terrorist financing, implement effective border controls to prevent the movement of terrorists, and ensure that any person who participates in or supports an act of terrorism is brought to justice.

• Notes concern with the close connection between terrorism, transnational organized crime, illicit drugs, money-laundering, illegal arms trafficking, and illegal transport of nuclear, biological and chemical materials, and in turn, emphasizes the need for enhanced coordination at the national, subregional, regional, and international levels.

UN Security Council Resolution 1540UN Security Council Resolution 1540

• Passed unanimously in April 2004;• Response to AQ Khan nuclear “black

market;”• Legally binding call to:

– Enact legal prohibitions preventing non-state actors from manufacturing, acquiring WMD;

– Develop measures to prevent WMD trafficking, enhance physical protection measures, effective border controls, law enforcement efforts etc.

• Includes provision encouraging states with the capacity to provide international assistance to do so; and, in turn, encourages states in need to request any assistance that will enable them to meet the requirements of 1540

African Development/Security PrioritiesAfrican Development/Security Priorities

• Several outbreaks of plague and rift valley disease have killed hundreds in recent years across East Africa, significantly impacting regional economies;

• Small arms flow unimpeded across Somali borders prompting small arms violence in neighboring countries;

• Al-Shabaab has launched repeated cross border attacks into Kenya;

• East Africa has become a new source and transit point for illicit drugs with related violence and addiction rates rising;

• Somali refugees continue to flee across international borders in astonishing numbers due to civil violence;

• In 2009, Ethiopia ranked 7th among the 22 high-burden tuberculosis countries with rates growing on an annual basis.

Dual-Use Security AssistanceDual-Use Security Assistance

• Develop legislative framework

• Border controls• Export/transshipment

controls• Financial controls

• Physical security of materials/equipment• Law enforcement

• Legal training• CBRN expertise

training/equipment /notification

• Legal development• Rule of law• Institutional capacity building• Provision of equipment• Training• Tertiary education• Personnel development• Border controls• Customs enforcement/revenue collection• Global competitiveness/development• Logistics• Infrastructure development• Disease surveillance and response• Reform public finance• Prevent natural resource trafficking• Improve reliability of transport system• Provide mobile health centers for rural

areas• Training, logistics for public health

providers

Security Imperatives

Development Challenges

Dual Use Security AssistanceDual Use Security Assistance

• Assistance provided to enhance border and export controls to inhibit terrorism and proliferation can also aid the prevention of small arms or drug trafficking and promote efficiencies at transit hubs that in turn facilitate trade expansion, business development and national competitiveness within the global supply chain;

• Detecting and responding to biological weapons requires a functional disease surveillance network and a public health infrastructure, and assistance requisite for implementation of the Biological Weapons Convention similarly supports national public health capacity and adherence to international health regulations (IHR);

• Preventing human trafficking relies upon many of the same resources and capacities necessary to detect and prevent movement of terrorists or nuclear components and materials to states and terrorist organizations; and

• Governments’ pursuit of energy diversification through nuclear power can be aided with technical and capacity building assistance from nonproliferation accounts.

Global solutions to global problems using UNSCR 1373/1540 as mechanisms

Dual Use Benefits in Meeting Kenyan PrioritiesDual Use Benefits in Meeting Kenyan Priorities

Economic DevelopmentEnergy Diversification

Tertiary EducationDisease Surveillance

Rule of LawDevelopment

Organized CrimeTrafficking of Small Arms,

Drug TraffickingMoney Laundering

Contraband SmugglingSecurity

CounterterrorismWMD Nonproliferation

Nonproliferation &Counterterrorism

(UNSCR 1373/1540)

Security Sector ReformBorder Security

Rule of LawTertiary Education

Disease SurveillanceCountertrafficking

GoalsGoals

• To better understand the domestic priorities of the Kenyan government and its people;

• To characterize the national capacities, and where necessary, the international assistance required to meet these objectives;

• To identify non-traditional streams of international assistance that provides such assistance.