The Dutch in the East Indies

Geographical Location of the Dutch East Indies

The Dutch East India Company

Established the foundation of their colonial empire in the East Indies through the agency of their East India Company.

At first Dutch Indies and both protestant nations, cooperated in wrestling control of the east Indies from Portuguese.

Increasing rivalry developed between the Dutch and the English.

Expulsion of the British from Amboyna in 1623 by the Dutch.

Thereafter, the British, abandoned the archipelago to their Dutch rivals.

Headquarters found in Batavi, near the western end of Java.

The Dutch Commercial Activities

Primarily commercial in nature.

From 1602 to 1798, the Dutch East India Company had complete control over colonial matters in the east Indies.

It entrusted the direct control over the people in the areas to economize in the costof administration and to increase it's profits.

It controlled to local chieftains.

Company did not interfere the way of life.

The fluctuating amount of tribute demanded by the company at varios times is added to the hardships of the natives.

Company would suddenly require an increase in the amount of tribute if there was a greater demand than usual for these products in Europe.

The Dissolution of the Company

In the 18th century,the company had sunk hopelessly in debt as a result of mismanagement and graft.

Officials of the company were more interested to build up their own fortunes than to serve the interest of their government.

In 1798, the government took over the assets and liabilities of the Dutch East India.

Two years later it was formally dissolve, after almost centuries of existence.

The East Indies Under Daendels and Raffles

Netherlands was occupied by the revolutionary forces of the French Republic which had invaded the country three years before

Netherlands became vassal Kingdom of the French Empire and Louise Bonaparte.

Brother of Napoleon was installed as King.

In 1807,he appointed Marshall Herman Willem Daendels as governor-general of the dutch possessions in the East Indies.

Daendels was a Dutch revolutionary hero who had serve d under Napoleon.

He proved to capable administrator, for as soon as arrived in Java.

1808, he instituted reforms intended to improved the administration of government the material welfare of the natives.

Marshall Herman Willem Daendels

He dismissed corruptofficials and reduced the powers of the native rulers.

He built highways and promoted widespread cultivation of coffee.

1811,the British, who were at war with Napoleon, seized the Dutch East Indies.

During the period of British rule , the administrator of the East Indies was placed in the hands of Sir Thomas StamfordRaffles.

Raffles was one of the most enlightened colonial administrator to see service in the Far East .

Attempt to introduce sweeping reform in the East Indies.

Among his radical innovationhs were the abolition of the feudal system of administrations in local affairs, the established the freedom of trade and the reorganization of the administrative machinery.

Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles

Unfortunately the restoration of of the East Indies to the Dutch following the close of Napoleonic Wars put an end to most of the reforms instituted by Sir Raffles.

Provided that a village set aside a fifth of it's cultivable land for the production of export crops.

Crops were to be delivered to the government in lieu of tax.

Land rent land rent was to continue at the same time as a complimentary part of the system and as a measure of the amount to be produced by each village.

If a village through, the growing of export crops on a fifth of its land, returned an amount in excess of the land rent and would bereimbursed to the extent of the excess; on the otherhand, if a village produced less than the assed amount of land rent , it would have to make up the difference.

The Cultivation System

Johannes van den Bosch

Cultivation System

1830

Introduced by Johannes van den Bosch

Required that villagers to set aside one-fifth of their land to grow export crops (e.g., coffee, sugar)

66 days of labour were required to the landless.

Transportations was difficult and time-consuming.

In case of crop failure,the people were left responsible for the loss

Cultivation System in Dutch East Indies:

Edward Decker

LocationUnited States

Belgium

Greater New York City Area

Baltimore, Maryland Area

Greater Philadelphia Area

The Cultivation System

Evils of the cultivation systems eventually came to the attention of the people of Holland.

Edward Decker , exposing the inequities of the culture system roused up public indignition in Holland.

An Agrarian Law was passed in 1870 gradually abolishing sytem.

R.E Elson

The impact of t6he cultivation system on the standard of living of indigenous Javanese has in recent years been disputed .

R.E Elson . Among others , has argued that the cultivation system directly contributed to t5he impoverishment of Javanese peasants,but indirectly improved their standard of living.

20th century in the Dutch East Indies witnessed rapid increased in population as well as a marked developmment in the material prosperity of the region.

The government became a prrotector of the natives from exploitation rather bthan a participant in business as was the case in the cculture system.

Under Dutch leadership, the Natural Resources of the islands were utilized to advantage and the import and export trade grow to large dimension.

Prepared by: Ms. Beverly B. Mendoza

Muokkaa otsikon tekstimuotoa napsauttamalla

Muokkaa jsennyksen tekstimuotoa napsauttamallaToinen jsennystasoKolmas jsennystasoNeljs jsennystasoViides jsennystasoKuudes jsennystasoSeitsems jsennystasoKahdeksas jsennystasoYhdekss jsennystaso