INTEROPERABILITY LIS 688-METADATA Group 6: Krishawna Brown, Thomas Kozak, Whit Preston, and Alison Walsh May 1, 2011 Click the above icon for audio narr
1. InteroperabilityLIS 688-Metadata
Group 6:
Krishawna Brown, Thomas Kozak, Whit Preston, and Alison Walsh
May 1, 2011
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2. Interoperability-Definition
National Information Standards Organization (NISO)-
...the ability of multiple systems with different hardware and
software platforms, data structures, and interfaces to exchange
data with minimal loss of content and functionality. (NISO
2004).
Essentially, function must not be lost.
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3. Interoperability-Definition (Continued)
Some definitions emphasize what obstacles an interoperability
initiative must overcome: Metadata interoperability is a
qualitative property of metadata information objects that enables
systems and applications to work with or use these objects across
system boundaries (Haslhofer & Klas, 2010, p. 7:14).
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4. The Importance of Metadata Interoperabilty
Why important?
The ultimate goal for such systems is for the components to evolve
independently yet be able to call on one another efficiently and
conveniently (Paepcke et al., 1998).
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5. Issues of Interoperability
Gail Hodge
In regard to consistency,
information collected by one organization for a particular purpose
can be searched, exchanged, transferred, used, and understood by
another organization for a different purpose (Hodge, 2005, p.
39).
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6. Interoperability Problems
Several issues must be tackled:
The machines must be able to communicate.
The systems must also understand and process objects from another
system.
Finally, on the semantic level, structures must be put in place for
correct interpretation of the objects, by humans or by
machines.
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7. Abstraction Levels
Most Concrete
Most Abstract
Technical
Syntactic
Semantic
Pragmatic
Dynamic
Conceptual
Source:(Haslhofer & Klas, 2010)
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8. Overall Categories of Interoperability
Uniform standard -> In other words, multiple organizations agree
on one standard to use.
Application profiling/adaptation/modification -> Different
modifications starting from one standard.
Derivation -> Start with complex standard and simplify for
different uses.
Crosswalk/mapping -> Organizations use different standards, use
crosswalks to move from one to another.
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9. Overall Categories of Interoperability (Continued)
Switching schema -> Hub-like structure: organizations using
different schemas all crosswalk to one central schema, then back
again.
Lingua franca -> set of core attributes common to multiple
schemas.More difficult interoperability using this method.
Metadata framework/container -> Essentially a superschema, which
contains elements from all the schemas used by participating
organizations.
Source:Chan, Lois Mai. (2005) Metadata interoperability: a study of
methodology.Retrieved April 20, 2011 from
http://white-clouds.com/iclc/cliej/cl19chan.htm
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10. Conclusion
The research: 2 main categories:
Extremely technical
Broad
Each organization must assess what specific obstacles must be
overcome while at the same time being able to incorporate:
usability for the sake of practicality.
flexibility and adaptability for the sake of creating the next
schema.
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11. References
Chan, Lois Mai. (2005) Metadata interoperability: a study of
methodology.Retrieved April 20, 2011 from
http://white-clouds.com/iclc/cliej/cl19chan.htm
Haslhofer, B. & Klas, W. (2010). A survey of techniques for
achieving metadata interoperability. ACM Computing Surveys, 42(2),
7.1-7.37. doi:10.1145/1667062.1667064
Hodge, G. (2005). Metadata for electronic information resources:
From variety to interoperability. Information Services & Use,
25, 35-45.
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12. References (Continued)
National Information Standards Organization. (2004). Understanding
Metadata.Retreived April 20, 2011 from
http://www.niso.org/publications/press/UnderstandingMetadata.pdf
Paepcke, A., Chang, C.C., Winograd, T., & Garca-Molina, H.
(1998), Interoperability for digital libraries worldwide,
Communications of the ACM, Vol. 41 No. 4, pp. 33-42.
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