ARTIFICIAL INTELENGENCE APPROCHES TO THERMAL IMAGING

Rahul Abhishek B-tech in Information Technology rahulmithu.abhishek@gmail.com

Abstract In this paper, we discussed about the approach of Artificial Intelligence (AI) towards thermal imaging. At first we are going to discuss about AI, thermal imaging and at last but not the least about their approaches. Since AI is one of the branches of computer science which aims at building machines that can think, feel and take decisions just like humans do. It is used in Expert systems, thermal imaging, Robotics, Neuroscience, Gaming, and in many more fields. It can be classified into two types first one is strong artificial intelligence and other is weak artificial intelligence. Thermal imaging is the process which uses an infrared imaging and measurement camera to “see” and “measure” thermal energy emitted from an object. Thermal or infrared energy cannot be visible through naked eyes but with the help of thermal imaging we can now see and measure the infrared radiation. It has its wider application in industries, national army, different types of mines etc. In this paper we are going to show the interrelationship between artificial intelligence (AI) and the thermal imaging. It is widely or say completely related to each other. Their function, operation and co-relation are described further in this paper. Keywords:- Artificial intelligence (AI), Thermal imaging, intelligent behavior

Introduction

What is AI and what is its goal?

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is usually defined as the science of making computers do things that require intelligence when done by humans. AI has had some success in limited, or simplified domains that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its chances of success. It is also defined as "the science and engineering of making intelligent machines." AI is a field of science and technology based on disciplines such as computer science, biology, psychology, linguistics, mathematics and engineering. The goal of AI is to develop computers that can think, as well as see, hear, walk, talk, and feel. A major thrust of AI is the development of computer functions normally associated with human intelligence, such as reasoning, learning, and problem solving.

Attributes of intelligent behaviorAI attempts to duplicate the following capabilities in computer based systems: -

Think and reason Use reason to solve problems Learn or understand from experience Acquire and apply knowledge Exhibit creativity and imagination Deal with complex or perplexing situations Respond quickly and successfully to new situations Recognize the relative importance of elements in a situation Handle ambiguous, incomplete or erroneous information

Artificial intelligence What is thermal imaging?

Infrared light falls between the visible and microwave parts of the electromagnetic spectrum with wavelengths of 2-15 _m, so is not visible to the human eye.Near IR waves (0.7-25 _ m) are closest to visible light; far IR waves (25-1000_m) are closer to the microwave region.Any object with a temperature higher than absolute zero (-273.15_C or 0 K)Radiate energy as electromagnetic waves, which travel at the speed of light. ForTemperatures commonly encountered in building physics, most emissive powerFalls within the IR part of the electromagnetic spectrum; the higher the temperature of an object the more IR radiation it emits.Thermal imaging devices make an image of the thermal patterns and measure the emissive power of surfaces in an area at various temperature ranges.They use a lens to focus the emitted IR radiation onto a detector and the electrical response signal is converted into a visual display (digital picture) in whichThe different colours correspond to various temperature levels of the surface onwhich it is focused. These images can be analysed to identify the potentialproblem areas. The accuracy of measurements depends on a variety of factors:

Emissivity Ambient temperature and wind effects

Atmospheric particles Image angle and distance effects

Types of Artificial Intelligence The AI is broken down into two groups

Weak AI Strong AI

Weak AI: - IT refers to technology that is able to manipulate predetermined rules and apply the rules to reach a well-defined goal. The most inspirational technologies that are emerged from the development of weak AI are the robotics, genetics, and nanotechnological revolution. Strong AI: - It refers to technology that has the ability to think cognitively or is able to function in a way similar to the human brain. Strong AI, which is in its infant stage, promises a lot due to the recent developments in nanotechnology.

Applications of AI:-

Hospitals and medicine-A medical clinic can use artificial intelligence systems to organize bed schedules, make a staff rotation, and provide medical information .Artificial neural networks are used as clinical decision support system for medical diagnosis, such as in Concept Processing technology in EMR software.

Online and telephone customer service-Artificial intelligence is implemented in automated online assistants that can be seen as avatars on web pages. It can avail for enterprises to reduce their operation and training cost. A major underlying technology to such systems is natural language processing.

Game playing-We can buy machines that can play master level chess for a few hundred dollars.

Computer service-The world is composed of three-dimensional objects, but the inputs to the human eye and computers' TV cameras are two dimensional.

Expert systems- A “knowledge engineer'' interviews experts in a certain domain and tries to embody their knowledge in a computer program for carrying out some task. How well this works depends on whether the intellectual mechanisms required for the task are within the present state of AI. When this turned out not to be so, there were many disappointing results.

Applications of thermal imaging:

Fugitive Searches While most people understand how to hide from sight, they rarely consider hiding their body heat. When ambient light, flashlights or searchlights fail to illuminate a suspect, there is still a good chance that the suspect’s body heat is visible to the thermal imager. This makes detection, tracking and apprehension easier.

Surveillance Because the thermal imager does not require light and only receives heat energy, it can be used to observe potential criminal activity at a distance. Whether a suspect is dealing drugs on the street, or trying to steal purses and stereos from cars, low-light conditions work to his benefit.

Search and rescue

Though fire departments normally lead search operations, police officers may frequently arrive first or be asked to assist until sufficient manpower is on hand. Whether the victim is a lost child or a disoriented elderly adult, he or she can be located more

quickly and at less risk with the assistance of a thermal imager. A thermal imager can overcome the normal challenges of low-light situations as well as environmental conditions, such as fog or smoke. Many thermal imagers will detect a human at 300 meters or more

.

Marine Patrol Thermal imagers are ideal in marine applications, as the open expanse of water and limited number of heat sources makes thermal imaging easy and effective.

Military:- Thermal imaging cameras capture images infrared wavelengths of 8 to 12 micrometresand at this wavelength warm blooded organisms glow brightly. This technology is already in use by fire fighters and they use it to find out the danger spots in case that has been a fire.

Proposed approach:-

Let us first define the terms:

Artificial-It is something made by humans, rather than natural or made in imitations of something natural. For ex-artificial teeth.Thought, understanding, self-awareness, communication, reasoning, learning, having emotional knowledge, retaining, planning and problem solving. Combining both, Artificial Intelligence (AI), is the simulation of intelligence in machines. It is both the intelligence of machines and the branch of computer science which aims to create it, through the study and design of intelligent agents. The basic principle of artificial intelligence is that it has the ability to think and reason. Similarly, in thermal imaging this very principle is used. It detects infrared radiation on its own without human interference. It uses its own intelligence to detect the desired and correspondingly responds according to its intelligence.

It can also use its intelligence to calculate the distance of obstacle just like artificial intelligence uses reason to solve problems. Thermal or infrared energy, is light that is not visible. It is so, because its wavelength is too long to be detected by human naked eye. It’s the part of electromagnetic spectrum that we perceive as heat. Thermal imaging is one field within artificial intelligence. It involves electronic, usually computer controlled device to perform task that requires extreme accuracy and detect objects that are not visible to naked human eye. It detects the infrared rays not possible for humans to view. An example of thermal imaging is thermal camera that has the ability to detect infrared radiation from warm-blooded organisms or objects radiating heat energy.

thermal cameras

Advantages of artificial intelligenge approaches to thermal imaging:- Jobs - depending on the level and type of intelligence these machines receive in the future, it will obviously have an effect on the type of work they can do, and how well they can do it .Thermal imaging surveys are non-invasive and non-destructive allowing the thermal imaging survey to be completed whilst plant and equipment is running, in production and on load.Thermal imaging surveys are real time and produce fast, accurate and immediate temperature measurement and fault detection. They don't stop - as they are machines there is no need for sleep, they don't get ill , there is no need for breaks .There obviously may be the need for them to be charged or refueled .Increased reliability and efficiency of plant and equipment resulting in reduced breakdowns and stoppages and significantly reduced maintenance costs and production losses. No risk of harm - when we are exploring new undiscovered land or even planets, when a machine gets broken or dies, there is no harm done as they don't feel, they don't have emotions..Assists businesses to comply with insurance requirements and complements their existing risk avoidance measures. Act as aids - they can act as 24/7 aids to children with disabilities or the elderly, they could even act as a source for learning and teaching. They could even be part of security alerting you to possible fires that you are in threat of, or fending off crime. Thermal

image surveys can be incorporated into existing predictive and preventative maintenance programs. Their function is almost limitless - as the machines will be able to do everything (but just better) essentially their use, pretty much doesn't have any boundaries..Thermal image surveys can be performed at a convenient time and tailored to each client’s individual requirements. Disadvantages of artificial intelligence approaches to thermal imaging:-

If robots start replacing human resources in every field, we will have to deal with serious issues like unemployment in turn leading to mental depression, poverty and crime in the society.For ex-With the advent of thermal cameras the jobs of security guards have been lost.

We cannot detect moisture or some types of property damage with a thermal imaging camera.

Only surface thermal fluctuations will be detected by thermal imaging. This is different from X-ray devices, which can "see" through walls.

Apart from these concerns, there are chances that intelligent machines overpower human beings. Machines may enslave human beings and start ruling the world.

Conclusion:-

Indeed, for anyone who schedules, plans, allocates resources, designs new products, uses the Internet, develops software, is responsible for product quality, is an investment professional, heads up IT, uses IT, or operates in any of a score of other common capacities and arenas, new Artificial Intelligent Technologies can provide competitive advantage.

References:-

1. Business Applications of Information TechnologyBy: James O’Brien2. Artificial Intelligence: A Modern ApproachBy: Stuart J. Russel, Peter Norvig3. Pratik, Rahul Abhishek, Payal Sinha. “Future Aspect of Artificial Intelligence”. ICWET-2012, pp336.