AIDS

•What is AIDS?

AIDS is the name of a disease, which is caused by a virus that breaks downthe body’s immune systemand leads to fatal infection and later causes death to people.

A-I-D-S stands for:

Acquired…..Something you get rather than you are born with.

Immune……resistance or protection from disease.

Deficiency…absence of protective power.

Syndrome….a variety of symptomsrather than one single

disease.

•ETIOLOGY

RETROVIRUSor HLTV (Human Lymphotropic Virus)

or HIV

HIV stands for…H – HUMAN I – IMMUNODEFICIENCYV – VIRUS

HIV is…..Infects and affects only HUMAN BEINGS.

Destroy immune system (the body’s ability to fight off diseases).

Vulnerable to all forms of infection.

It principally attacks cd4 t-cells, a vital part of the human immune system. as a result, the body’s ability to resist opportunistic viral, bacterial, fungal, protozoal, and other infection is greatly weakened.

•How does a person become infected with HIV?oThe identified mode of transmission for HIV is the following:UNPROTECTED SEXUAL INTERCOURSE

(HIV can enter a person’s bloodstream throughthe vagina, penis or rectum during intercourse.)

CONTACT WITH INFECTED BLOODe.g. Blood Transfusion

(HIV is transmitted through transfusions ofcontaminated blood or blood components.)

MOTHER –TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION(An HIV infected mother can pass to her unbornbaby. This occurs mainly during pregnancy,during birth and during breastfeeding.

Approximately, ¼ 1/3 of all pregnant womeninfected with HIV will pass the infection to their babies.

STAGES OF HIV INFECTION:1. CATEGORY A- INFECTION IS ASYMPTOMATIC OR

CAUSE PERSISTENT LYMPHADENOPATHY OCCURING FOR FIRST 3-5 YEARS.

2. CATEGORY B- PERSISTENT INFECTIONS BY THE YEAST CANDIDA ALBICAN WHICH CAN APPEAR IN THE MOUTH, THROAT OR VAGINA. OTHER CONDITIONS MAY INCLUDE SHINGLES, PESISTENT DIARRHEA, A ND FEVER, WHITISH PATCHES ON THE ORAL MUCOSA (HAIRY LEUKOPLAKIA), AND CERTAIN CANCEROUS OR PRECANCEROUS CONDITIONS OF THE CERVIX OCCURING AFTER 5 YEARS OR MORE.

3. CATEGORY C- ABOUT10 YEARS AND MORE THAN25 YEARS IS THE APPEARANCE OF THE CLINICAL AIDS WHICH PRESENTS THE FOLLOWING.

•Progression of HIVBeginning:No symptoms,No weight loss.

After few years: mild weight loss, mouth ulcers, itching, skin diseases

After several years: important weight loss, thrush, TB, fever

After 10 years: wasting syndrome, chronic herpes, simplex ulcerations, extra pulmonary TB

•What does a person with AIDS/HIV look like?

may or may not look sick(can carry the virus for months or even years before they get sick)

manifest various signs and symptom:-extreme tiredness-unexplained & continued fever , & night sweats-loss of appetite-unexplained difficulty of sleeping-unexplained weight loss-swollen glands around the neck/armpits/groins-unexplained diarrhea that lasting for weeks or months-unusual skin problems or disease-progressive shortness of breath-development of Kaposis Sarcosoma, Pneumocytis Carinii Pneumonia (PCP), severe infection w/ yeast, cystomegalovirus, herpes virus & parasites (are expected in the later stage of AIDS).

•TYPES OF HIV/AIDS TESTS: 1. RAPID TESTS

-commonly used HIV tests as they give results quickly and do not require special equipment.-results can be obtained within 5 to 30 minutes.-suitable for HIV Testing & Counseling centers & small local clinics w/ limited resources.

2. ELISA (ENZYME LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY)

-is commonly used test for HIV today.-is very sensitive test.(99+% sensitivity with very few false negative results).

3. WESTERN BLOT-are antigen tests that are very accurate but also very expensive.-are often used as second HIV test conducted to confirm HIV test results (called confirmatory test)

•HIV can not pass from one person to another in the following kinds of contact: *Wearing someone else’s clothes or using article belonging to them that they have touched (e.g. towels, bedding, toilet articles)*Living or sleeping in the same room as a person w/ HIV/AIDS*Hugging or sleeping w/ a baby or a child who has HIV/AIDS*Caring for children when the adult is HIV positive*Swimming in a swimming pool, river or waterhole w/ a person who has HIV/AIDS*Travelling on crowded buses with a person w/ HIV/AIDS*A person w/ HIV coughing & sneezing w/ you*Sharing food, cups & plates w/ a person w/ HIV/AIDS*Caring for someone who has developed AIDS when *Basic good hygiene is observed

•Treatment for AIDS/HIV:No cure has yet found for AIDS; however, primarytherapy for HIV infections includes….

*ANTI- RETROVIRAL (ARV) TREATMENT

are medicines usually taken incombination of two to four medicinesthat work to stop HIV from increasingin the blood. By reducing the amountof HIV, these medicines also help thenumber of CD4 cells in the body toincrease, which in turn lets the bodyimprove its own defense againstinfection.

Fixed dose combination of Antiretroviral Drug:

Brand name Drug names

Combivir Zidovudine + lamivudine

Trazivir abacavir + zidovudine + lamivudine

Kaletra lopinavir+ ritonavir

Epzicom (in USA) abacavir+ lamivudine

Truvada emtricitabine+ tenofovir

Atripla efavirenz+ emtricitabine+ tenofovir

BRAND NAMES ADVERSE EFFECTS

Combivir muscle pain or weakness; numb or cold feeling in your arms and legs; trouble breathing; feeling dizzy, light-headed, tired, or very weak; stomach pain, nausea with vomiting; orslow or uneven heart rate

Trazivir fever; rash; nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach pain;general tiredness,

body aches; shortness of breath, cough, sore throat.

Kaletra mild nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, upset stomach; numbness or tingling, especially around your mouth; mild skin rash; headache, weakness, mood changes; or changes in the shape or location of body fat (especially in your arms, legs, face, neck, breasts, and waist).

Epzicom fever; rash; nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach pain; general tiredness, body aches; shortness of breath, cough, sore throat.

Truvada muscle pain or weakness; numb or cold feeling in your arms and legs; trouble breathing; feeling dizzy, light-headed, tired, or very weak; stomach pain, nausea with vomiting; or slow or uneven heart rate.

Atripla urinating less than usual or not at all; fever, chills, body aches, flu symptoms; unusual thoughts or behavior, anger, severe depression, thoughts of hurting yourself or others, hallucinations; severe blistering, peeling, and red skin rash; or seizure (convulsions).

Adverse Effects of Antiretroviral Drugs

•Prevention of AIDS/HIV:NOTE: HIV/AIDS has no limit to their choices, it attacks anyone and everyone. But….we can prevent it from spreading, we can stop ourselves, friends and love ones by simply passing the message, “STOP AIDS…. NOW!”

A =ABSTINENCE FROM SEX. Simply say

NO to invitation that may lead you to danger.

B =BE FAITHFUL TO YOUR PARTNER.

Loyalty is the key concept of protecting your special someone.

C =CORRECT AND CONSISTENT USE OF

CONDOM. But condom use is not 100% safe.

A Global Epidemic More than 42 million people around the world are currently infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), the virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). New HIV infections have levelled off or even declined in most developed countries, but the virus is spreading rapidly through much of the developing world.

•Philippine HIV/AIDS Registry

•Comparison of the Distribution of Male HIV Cases by Certain Age-group& Certain Highlighted Years

NOTE: Most of the cases (87%) were males.

•Comparison of the Distribution of Female HIV Cases by Certain Age-group& Certain Highlighted Years

Around the world, there have been numerous instances of such HIV/AIDS related discrimination. People with (or believe to have) HIV/AIDS have been:

Refused employmentSegregate in schools and hospitalsDenied to right to marryDenied for VISAS or entry permissionRejected by their communitiesKILLED

SOME HUMAN RIGHTS TO HIV/AIDS ARE:The right to non discrimination.The right to work.The right to education.The right to information.The right to privacy.The right to receive treatment.The right to be protected against cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.

HOW CAN WE SUPPORTPLHIV(PEOPLE LIVING W/ HIV)?

Provide a friendly caring environmentGive emotional supportProvision of an effective referral system for servicesIntensifying our homecare servicesSupport the local and national legislations related to the positive well being of people living w/ HIV/AIDSSupport the Worlds AIDS Day campaignSupport the HIV/AIDS advocacy program

HEALTH CARE PROGRAMS FOR HIV/AIDS:

GFATM HIV/AIDS Program in the PhilippinesThe Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB and Malaria (GFATM) has awarded financial grants to the Philippines to support projects targeting HIV and AIDS prevention and treatment. For two of these projects, the Tropical Disease Foundation was chosen by the Department of Health as the Principal Recipient (PR) of the grants, acting both as the manager of the fund and implementer of the projects.

HIV INFECTION / AIDS RESEARCH PROGRAMThe objectives of the research program are: 1) to conduct biomedical and other socially relevant research that will help in the prevention of HIV/AIDS and subsequently reduce the impact of the disease in the country and 2) to improve the medical care for all Filipinos with HIV/AIDS through multidisciplinary approaches in medical management.

PREPARED BY:

•STEPHANIELAURETE

•CANDICEGIAHORTIZ

•KIZZAMAE

SALCEDO

Thank You!