8 april 2023

Sustainability Certificaton of BiomassJatropha sustainability

Ir. Kees W. Kwant

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Contents1. Why sustainability of biomass?

2. Criteria

3. Certification

4. Implementation (in EU)

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1. Why? GROWING PUBLIC CONCERN

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Bioshape ruins Tanzanianfarmers,

Misleading Information,

Company bankrupt

NRC 19 Sept 2010

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Who owns the land, who earns?

•Land grabbing from local communities?

•Food <-> Agrofuels

•Resource exploitation?

•Stable Investments for the future?

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Clearing for Jatropha in Mozambique

•Loss of Biodiversity?

•Loss of Carbon stock?

•Bad Green House Gas Balance?

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2. Sustainable Biomass Standards: Cramer: Principles, Criteria and Indicators:

1. Greenhouse gas balance2. Competition with food, local energy

supply, medicines and construction materials

3. Biodiversity4. Prosperity5. Welfare6. Environment

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Cramer / NTA 8080 EC Directive1. GHG-balance/ C-stocks Yes2. Competition with food Reporting3. Biodiversity Yes4. Environment Within Europe5. Prosperity (Reporting)6. Well-being Reporting

Implementation: Cramer criteria vs Renewable Energy Directive

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Renewable Energy Directive (RED)Sustainability criteria for biofuels

and bioliquids:

1. Greenhouse gas savings:> 35% (new installations)> 50% (after 2017)

2. BiodiversityNo go areas: primary forests, highly biodiverse grassland

3. Carbon stocks

Wetlands, continuously forested areas (canopy 10 – 30%)

4. EnvironmentCross compliance (production in EU)

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Production of Ethanol from Wheat (NG steam boiler) Version 1 - Public

Overview Results

All results in Non- allocated Allocation Allocated Total Default values Allocation factors Emission reductiong CO 2,eq / MJ Ethanol results factor results RED Annex V.D Ethanol plant Fossil fuel reference (petrol)

Cultivation eec 23,3 23 59,5% to ethanol 83,8 g CO2,eq/MJ

Cultivation of wheat 39,17 59,5% 23,31 23,43 40,5% to DDGS GHG emission reductionProcessing ep 29,4 30 35%

Ethanol plant 49,40 59,5% 29,40 29,57Transport etd 1,9 2Handling & storage of wheat 0,10 59,5% 0,06Transport of wheat 0,52 59,5% 0,31 Calculations in this Excel sheet……Transport of ethanol 1,10 100% 1,10 1,10Filling station 0,44 100% 0,44 0,44Land use change el 0,0 59,5% 0,0 0,0 0

esca + eccr + eccs 0,0 100% 0,0 0,0 0

Totals 90,7 54,6 55 As explained in "About" under "Inconsistent use of GWP's"

Calculation per phaseCultivation of wheat Quantity of product Calculated emissions Info

Yield Yield Emissions per MJ ethanol per kg wheat per ha, year

Wheat 5.208 kg ha-1 year-176.587 MJWheat ha-1 year-1 g CO2 g CH4 g N2O g CO2, eq g CO2, eq kg CO2, eq

Moisture content 13,5% 1,000 MJ / MJWheat, input

By-product Straw 2.148 kg ha-1 year-10,128 kgWheat/MJethanol

Energy consumption

Diesel 3.717 MJ ha-1 year-1 8,01 0,00 0,00 8,01 62,54 325,7

Agro chemicals

N-fertiliser 109,3 kg N ha-1 year-1 7,59 0,02 0,03 15,80 123,42 642,8K2O-fertiliser 16,4 kg K2O ha-1 year-1

0,22 0,00 0,00 0,23 1,81 9,4

P2O5-fertiliser 21,6 kg P2O5 ha-1 year-10,51 0,00 0,00 0,54 4,20 21,9

Pesticides 2,3 kg ha-1 year-1 0,57 0,00 0,00 0,63 4,92 25,6

Seeding material

0,38

follow JEC calculations by using GWP values 25 for CH4 and 298 for N2O

strictly follow the methodology as given in Directives 2009/28/EC and 2009/30/EC

Transparant GHG calculations

Calculations in this Excel sheet……

As explained in "About" under "Inconsistent use of GWP's"

follow JEC calculations by using GWP values 25 for CH4 and 298 for N2O

strictly follow the methodology as given in Directives 2009/28/EC and 2009/30/EC

Available at

www.BioGrace.net

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3. Certification system:

Accreditation bodyControl

Standard:Principles

CriteriaIndicators

Certificate

Certification scheme :

Indicators & verifiersRules & regulations

Procedures

Label

Standardisation organisationDeveloping the norm based on consensus

Expert committeeDetermine/maintain certification scheme

Certification organisationInspection en verification

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Primaire productie

Processing Productie DistributieTransport

Chain of Custody

= = = =

“evidence”

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Mass Balance (in EU:Renewable Energy Directive)

1,000 ton 40% MB

4,000 ton 0% MB

5,000 ton 60% MB 4,000 ton 40% MB

4,000 ton 10% MB

2,000 ton 70% MB

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4. ImplementationNetherlands: NTA 8080/8081 ( www.nta8080.org )

-Standards based on the Cramer criteria in verifiable requirements

-Developed jointly with Industry, NGO’s and Government

-Certification in chain of costudy, all models possible

-Requirements for certifying bodies and auditors

-Assessment frequency and vilidity of certificate

-Tested in Netherlands, and subject to testing in projects

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Other certification systemsGermany:-ISCC www.iscc-system.org

- Structure for auditors- Registration & tracebility- GHG calculations- Sub certificates for German farmers

at: https://nabisy.ble.de

-BioCert- Follows EU minimum requirements

Global:- RSB: Roundtable Sustainable Biofuels

- Criteria ready, other certification schemes can pick up

- Will apply as Voluntary scheme to EU

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Conclusions and Questions

1. By 1 January 2011 only Certified Sustainable Biofuels allowed in Europe

2. Europe getting ready with criteria and certification schemes

3. Is Africa ready to supply to this EU market?

4. Would this sustainability approach be good for your projects or your regions

5. What needs to be done to implement sustainability?

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EU Renewable Energy Directive 2009/28/EC