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The Relationship between urban mobility and land use. Challenges related with cycling
Authors:Catarina Brown de MatosJoaquim Gonçalves MacedoFrederico Amado Moura e Sá
Aveiro, 17 of November 2016
Catarina Brown de Matos Aveiro, 17 of November 2016 2/18
The Relationship between urban mobility and land use. Challenges related with cycling
Compromisso pela Bicicleta• Launched on the 26th of April 2016 in Murtosa• Created by the “Plataforma Tecnológica da Bicicleta e
mobilidade suave” by the University of Aveiro• Involves the national bicycle manufacturing industry,
universities, municipalities, public-private sector, and cyclists’
• IMPACT (important practices, actions and tips), initiative
Pedais (2016)
Catarina Brown de Matos Aveiro, 17 of November 2016 3/18
The Relationship between urban mobility and land use. Challenges related with cycling
Human Health and the natural EnvironmentAir pollution Water quality
Global climate Emotional healthGrowing traffic in cities Environment and quality
Energy consumption
Land UseBuilt EnvironmentLand use patterns
Transportation infrastructureBuilding siting and design
Urban mobilityTravel demand
Car trip and lengthWaking, cycling and transit use
• Evolution of Land use occupation
Catarina Brown de Matos Aveiro, 17 of November 2016 3/18
The Relationship between urban mobility and land use. Challenges related with cycling
City limitsWell defined
Urban territory with uncertain limits and
dynamics
Appearanceof the automobiles
Era ofmotorization
Change of borders City / country
Urban strategies concerning car circulation
Expansion ofCities
Locations with less or more accessibility
• Land Use functions (anthropological perspective):
• Environmental (ecological balance)
• Productive (primary economic activity)
• Support (infrastructures, buildings,)
Conflict / Confrontation of functions
Catarina Brown de Matos Aveiro, 17 of November 2016 5/18
The Relationship between urban mobility and land use. Challenges related with cycling
• Land use factor affecting cycling:• Density• Regional Accessibility• Centeredness• Land Use Mix• Connectivity• Roadway Design
• Walking and Cycling Conditions
• Transit Accessibility• Parking Management• Transportation Demand
Management
•Urban Mobility: • Key factors:
• Travel Distance: how far?
• Travel time: how long?
• Journey frequency: how often?
• Mode: how to get there?
• Cost: how expensive?
Sustainable Mobility
?
Catarina Brown de Matos Aveiro, 17 of November 2016 6/18
The Relationship between urban mobility and land use. Challenges related with cycling
• Bicycle mobility• Clear cycling benefits: • Benefits of cycling cities
Growth and Jobs Health
Tourism Spatial planning
Environment and Climate
Efficient Transport
CYCLE OF BIKEABLE
CITIES
Mixed-use, dense
development pattern
Decrease vehicle use People-
oriented transport planning
Increased travel options
Alternative modes
promotedLiveable cities, smart growth
NMT and people
oriented land-use planning
Limited parking supply
Catarina Brown de Matos Aveiro, 17 of November 2016 7/18
The Relationship between urban mobility and land use. Challenges related with cycling
UNEP (2010)
• Bicycle mobility
Catarina Brown de Matos Aveiro, 17 of November 2016 8/18
The Relationship between urban mobility and land use. Challenges related with cycling
Factors influencing Bicycle Commuting
Built-Environment
Urban Form
Infrastructure
Facilities at Work
Natural Environment
Hilliness and Landscape
Seasons and Climate
Weather
Socio-economic
factors
Socio-economic
household characteristics
Psychological factors
Attitude and social norms
Perceived behaviour
Habits
Reasons for (not) cycling
Cost, travel time, effort and safety
Travel time and effort
Transportation costs
Safety
POLICYObjectives for good city life
Devising a Master planDirecting allowances
INSTITUTIONFunctionality of the organization
Extensive cooperationGood management
FOLLOW-UP
"HARD"MEASURES
"SOFT"MEASURES
Cycling Measures
• “Hard” Measures
• “Soft” Measures
Aveiro, 17 of November 2016 9/18
The Relationship between urban mobility and land use. Challenges related with cycling
Land use/ Urban Sprawl Urban Mobility
High Impact Bicycle Measures
High Impact Bicycle Measures Low Budget
How to Promote Cycling?
Catarina Brown de Matos Aveiro, 17 of November 2016 10/18
The Relationship between urban mobility and land use. Challenges related with cycling
€€€ €
• IMPACT Analyses Effectiveness
Catarina Brown de Matos Aveiro, 17 of November 2016 11/18
The Relationship between urban mobility and land use. Challenges related with cycling
Strategy Mode Shift Safety Cost
“Hard” Measures
Provision of improved cycling measures High Medium High
Incentives to use more sustainable modes Medium Medium Medium
Land use measures Medium Medium High
“Soft”
Measures
Promotional cycling campaigns Low Low Low
Educational Cycling Programs Low Low Low
Combined “Hard” and “Soft” Strategies High High Medium
Catarina Brown de Matos Aveiro, 17 of November 2016 12/18
The Relationship between urban mobility and land use. Challenges related with cycling
• Land use factors affecting cycling:
1. Destinations Make it direct
2. Distance Connect the streets and blocks
Translink (2010)
Translink (2010)
Catarina Brown de Matos Aveiro, 17 of November 2016 13/15
The Relationship between urban mobility and land use. Challenges related with cycling
• Land use factors affecting cycling:
3. Design Make it safe and friendly
4. Density Fill it in
Translink (2010)
Translink (2010)
Catarina Brown de Matos Aveiro, 17 of November 2016 14/18
The Relationship between urban mobility and land use. Challenges related with cycling
• Land use factors affecting cycling:
6. Demand Management Discourage unnecessary car use
5. Diversity Mix Land use
Translink (2010)
Translink (2010)
• Recommendations: Plan according to modal share
Modal share Goal
< 10%:Make cycling possible, safe, comfortable
10-20%Convincing more people to use the
bicycle
> 20% Keep people cycling
Catarina Brown de Matos Aveiro, 17 of November 2016 15/18
The Relationship between urban mobility and land use. Challenges related with cycling
Bypad (2008)
• Recommendations
Catarina Brown de Matos Aveiro, 17 of November 2016 16/18
• Land use measures are necessary, costly and long term benefits
• Infrastructure measures are high cost and impact efficient • Soft measures, low impact measures and should only be
implemented combined with other measures• Demand Management, incentives & disincentives that
increase the cost of driving relative to cycling
The Relationship between urban mobility and land use. Challenges related with cycling
• Final Remark • Integrated land-use and cycling policies
Catarina Brown de Matos Aveiro, 17 of November 2016 17/18
• Land use measures• Infrastructure provision• Infrastructure management• Operations• Information provision• Attitudinal measures• Pricing
The Relationship between urban mobility and land use. Challenges related with cycling
THANK YOU!
Catarina Brown de Matos Aveiro, 17 of November 2016 18/18
The Relationship between urban mobility and land use. Challenges related with cycling