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Decolonization/Independence movements in
Africa, Asia, and the Middle East
1920s – 1980s
OverviewBy the mid-20 th century,
many REGIONS in Africa, Asia & the Middle East had “freed” themselves from European Imperial dominance.
Decolonization is the term historians have used to
describe this process
What happened?
European withdrawal Revolutions overthrew Europeans
Non-violent Independence Movements
Causes of Decolonization
Education & information acquired by Asians & Africans.
World WarsAsians & Africans questioned European superiority
War in the colonies
Nationalism!
DecolonizationMany different African and Asian
groups used a variety of ways to gain independence.
RESULTS of Decolonization Regions of the world became
“independent”; new nation-states were born
Problems remained (or were they caused by European imperialism?)
Economic dependency on the West and other regions of the
world.
the indigenous elite often replaced the colonial elite maintaining a large gap between rich and poor.
Tribal, racial, religious differences led to conflicts & wars
INDIAN PARTITION
Civil War in Nigeria Tribal-based
genocide in Rwanda
Civil War in Vietnam