Trends in Health and ICT -

Incredible Opportunities

for Technologists and

Librarians at SPHMMC

Kathleen Omollo, University of Michigan

Presentation to St. Paul Hospital Millennium Medical College ICT Department,

January 2015. Shared at: slideshare.net/tag/sphmmc-ict-2015

© 2015 The Regents of the University of Michigan.Shared under a Creative Commons Attribution License.

1

Introduction

It is an incredible time to be in health

• In Ethiopia

• At SPHMMC

It is an incredible time to be in information

resources and technology

• In Ethiopia

• At SPHMMC

It is an incredible time to be at the intersection

of health, information resources and

technology at SPHMMC2

Objectives

1. Review the major changes in national health

programs in Ethiopia in the past 15 years

2. Review the major changes in health

programs at SPHMMC in the past 8 years

3. Discuss the dimensions of clinical care,

education, and research

4. Review the intersections of ICT with health

5. Identify sources to stay up to date on

developments in ICT and/or health

3

Part 1: Health

N.B. The dates here are by the European

calendar, not the Ethiopian calendar. The dates

for the Ethiopian calendar would be 7 years

earlier.

4

Timeline - 1947

1947 - St. Paul Hospital was founded

5

Timeline - Pre 2002

Until 2002, there were 3 medical schools in

Ethiopia.

Which were they?

6

Timeline - Pre 2002

Until 2002, there were 3 medical schools in

Ethiopia.

Which were they?

• Addis Ababa University (est. 1964)

• Jimma University (est. 1984)

• Gondar College of Medicine and Health

Sciences (est. 1971)

7

Timeline - 2003

In 2003, the MOH launched the Health

Extension Program.

• Purpose?

• Length of training?

• Number trained by 2010?

8

Timeline - 2003

In 2003, the MOH launched the Health

Extension Program.

• Purpose: Basic preventive care, within

communities, mostly rural

• Length of training: 1 year for certificate, or

1.5 years for diploma

• Number trained by 2010: 30,000

9

Timeline - 2003 - 2009

9 more medical schools opened: 7 public and 2

private.

2007 - St. Paul Hospital became Millennium

Medical College

10

Timeline - 2003 - 2009

9 more medical schools opened:1. Mekelle University College of Medicine and Health

Sciences (2003)

2. Hawassa University (2003)

3. Hayat Medical College (2005) (Private)

4. Bethel Medical College (2005) (Private)

5. Bahir Dar University (2007)

6. Defense Forces Medical School (2007)

7. Haramaya University School of Medical Sciences

(2007)

8. St. Paul Hospital Millennium Medical College (2007)

9. Arbaminch University School of Medicine (2009)11

Timeline - 2009

Human Resources for Health Strategic Plan

2009 - 2020 from the Ministry of Health

launched an unprecedented scale-up of health

training across professions and levels.

Motivations:

• career path options for health professionals

• migration of physicians

• vast geographic region

• expanding population

• the clinical priorities12

Timeline - 2012

13 new public medical schools opened under

the New Medical Education Initiative (NMEI)

Of those, 3 were created from hospitals and 10

were added to existing universities.

13

Timeline - 2012

13 new medical schools for NMEI 1. Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College

2. Adama Hospital Medical College

3. Yirgalem Hospital Medical College

4. Dire Dawa University

5. DebreMarkos University

6. DebreBirhan University

7. Axum University

8. Wollo University

9. Ambo University

10. Wellepa University

11. Meda Welabu University

12. Woletyita Sodi University

13. Adama Science and Technology University - School of Health

Sciences 14

Timeline - 2012

Two new private medical schools were opened:

• Myungsung Medical College

• Betezta College of Medical Science

This brings the total number of public medical

schools in Ethiopia to 23, plus at least 4 private

medical schools.

15

SPHMMC

“To be a sought after medical center and a

prestigious academic and research center in

Africa by 2020”

16

SPHMMC – 2012 to Present

Enhance Specialty (Residency) and Sub-

specialty (Fellowship) Initiatives

• Residency: Obstetrics and Gynecology,

Surgery, Internal Medicine, Radiology,

Anesthesiology, Ophthalmology

• Fellowships: Maternal and Fetal Medicine,

Nephrology, Cardiology

17

SPHMMC – 2014 - Present

Remote education and clinical consultation for:

• Pathology

• Radiology

• Dermatology

• Basic sciences

• Reproductive health

18

Group Discussion

1. What changed when SPHMMC grew from a

hospital into a medical college in 2007?

2. How did these changes affect technology

and the library at SPHMMC?

3. What do you think are some of the

challenges at the 13 new medical schools?

4. How do these recent national medical

education and health care policy changes

affect technology and electronic resources?

19

References - National

Health Programs1. The United States Global Health Initiative. (2011) Ethiopia Global Health

Initiative Strategy.

http://www.ghi.gov/country/ethiopia/documents/159724.htm

2. Embassy of the United States in Addis Ababa. (2012) First Group of Health

Information Technicians Graduate: U.S. Government Funds Three- Year

Health Information Management Training Program. Press Release.

http://ethiopia.usembassy.gov/pr_19.html

3. Nejmudin Kedir Bilal, Christopher H. Herbst, Feng Zhao, Agnes Soucat,

and Christophe Lemiere. (2011) Health Extension Workers in Ethiopia:

Improved Access and Coverage for the Rural Poor. Yes Africa Can:

Success Stories from a Dynamic Continent. World Bank.

http://siteresources.worldbank.org/AFRICAEXT/Resources/258643-

1271798012256/YAC_Consolidated_Web.pdf

4. World Health Organization. (2010). “Scaling Up Education and Training of

Human Resources for Health in Ethiopia. Moving towards achieving the

MDGs: Country Case Study by the Global Health Workforce Alliance.”

http://www.who.int/entity/workforcealliance/knowledge/resources/ethiopia_

casestudy_2010/en/index.html. 20

References - National

Health Programs5. Feysia, Berhanu; Herbst, Christopher H.; Lemma, Wuleta; Soucat, Agnes.

(2012). The Health Workforce in Ethiopia: Addressing the Remaining

Challenges. World Bank.

https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/2226.

6. Jack, William; De Laat, Joose; Hanson, Kara; Soucat, Agnes. (2010).

Incentives and Dynamics in the Ethiopian Health Worker Labor Market.

World Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/5951.

7. Serra, Danila; Serneels, Pieter; Lindelow, Magnus; Montalvo, Jose G.

(2010). Discovering the Real World : Health Workers' Career Choices and

Early Work Experience in Ethiopia. World Bank.

https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/5936.

8. World Bank. (2012) Ethiopia: Data.

http://data.worldbank.org/country/ethiopia

21

SPHMMC - 3 Dimensional Mission

Clinical Research

Education

16

Clinical Care

30

All images from The Noun Project CC BY. See references at end for attributions.

Slide adapted from Johmarx Patton, University of Michigan. See full slide deck:

http://www.slideshare.net/ummedicalschool/understanding-and-navigating-constant-

change-in-the-academic-medicine-landscape-june-2014.

This is the US Model.

How does Ethiopia differ?

Clinical Care

30

All images from The Noun Project CC BY. See image attributions at end.

Slide adapted from Johmarx Patton, University of Michigan. See full slide deck:

http://www.slideshare.net/ummedicalschool/understanding-and-navigating-constant-

change-in-the-academic-medicine-landscape-june-2014.

This is the US Model.

How does Ethiopia differ?

This is the US Model.

How does Ethiopia differ?

Education

Chart adapted from: AAMC

22

Undergraduate

Bachelors Degree

Years: 4

Medical School

(MD)

Years: 4

Residency

Years: 3-5+

Subspecialty

Years: 1-4Board Certification

Recertification

Licensure

Independent

Practice

Continuing Medical

Education

Subspecialty

Certification

Education

Slide adapted from Johmarx Patton, University of Michigan. See full slide deck:

http://www.slideshare.net/ummedicalschool/understanding-and-navigating-constant-

change-in-the-academic-medicine-landscape-june-2014.

Research

contributions to new knowledge

“bench to bedside” or “microscope to stethoscope”

“disciplinary guilds” – expert scientists who reviews of

proposals for funding and for verifying results

Basic Research

Patient-Oriented

Clinical

Research

Improve health

outcomes

Translation

to clinical

studies

Translation to

health care

practice

31Chart adapted from: http://ncrr.nih.gov/

This is the US Model.

How does Ethiopia differ?

Slide adapted from Kathleen Omollo, University of Michigan. See full slide deck:

http://www.slideshare.net/ummedicalschool/understanding-and-navigating-constant-

change-in-the-academic-medicine-landscape-june-2014.

Group Discussion

1. About what do medical schools, hospitals,

and health professionals care?

2. How can you use this to better communicate

with them as customers and partners?

3. How can you use this information to inform

your role or job description at SPHMMC?

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Part 2: ICT

28

ICT National

• Ministry of Health programs - Health

Management Information Systems, Health

Information Technician degree program

• Expansion of ICT connection, network

coverage from Etthiotelecom (best to date!)

• Technology innovation hubs – iceaddis and

xhub Addis

• eLearning Africa conference May 20-22,

2015 will be in Addis

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ICT SPHMMC

• 300 Megabit connection – fastest university

in the country

• Leadership who include technology as a core

part of the strategy

• Lots of room to expand in library building

• Advanced servers, lots of storage

• A growing local team (ICT and Library teams

are largest to date!)

• Engaged external collaborators

• Others?30

ICT SPHMMC: Vision

Establish SPHMMC as an exemplar in the

integration of information resources and

communication technologies for productivity,

collaboration, and analysis across the

education, research, and service missions

31

ICT in Health

• Human Resources for Health includes the

information services support staff who

help health professionals to deliver care, to

conduct research, and to train the next

generation of health professionals.

32

ICT in Health

• Information management is about more than

equipment. You need people who know

how to train people to use it, how to fix it,

and how to integrate it with the institution to

make the best use it to improve health.

33

Part 3:

Stay Current, Connect

• eLearning Africa Conference, May 20-22, Addis

• African Virtual University Conference, July 1-3,

Nairobi

• International Conference on Global Telehealth

• World Health Organization eHealth

• African Health OER Network Technology Interest

Group

• International Medical Informatics Association

• Association of American Medical Colleges Group on

Information Resources

• Others?34

Closing Remarks

It is an incredible time to be in health

• In Ethiopia

• At SPHMMC

It is an incredible time to be in information

resources and technology

• In Ethiopia

• At SPHMMC

It is an incredible time to be at the intersection

of health, information resources and

technology at SPHMMC35

Closing Remarks:

Discussion

How can we make SPHMMC a model for

librarians and technology staff at other medical

schools in Ethiopia? How can we make it a

destination where the NMEI schools want to

send their staff to learn about the best, most

effective and efficient way to design technology

for medical education, research, and care?

36

Additional References

9. Understanding and Navigating Constant Change in the

Academic Medicine Landscape, Michael Warden,

Johmarx Patton, Kathleen Ludewig Omollo

10. Health Informatics: An Interprofessional Approach, 1e

Romona Nelson PhD RN-BC ANEF FAAN

11. Building Academic Partnerships to Reduce Maternal

Morbidity and Mortality: A Call to Action and Way

Forward, Frank W. J. Anderson”

12. Careers in Health Information Technology, Brian T.

Malec PhD

37

Image attributions, slide 24

All images from TheNounProject.com

● Nurse - CC BY Scott Lewis from the Noun Project

● Doctor - Public domain

● Person - CC BY Alex Berkowitz from the Noun Project

● Brain - Public domain

● Pulse CC BY TNS

● Coordinate Patient Care - Public domain

● Mhealth - CC BY Edward Boatman

● iPhone - Public domain

● Radiography - CC BY Wojciech Zasina

● Cardiograph - CC BY Wojciech Zasina

● Surgery - Public domain

● Blood Glucose Meter - CC BY Danilo Casagrande de Almeida

● Laptop - CC BY Edward Boatman

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