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Welcome

Woman’s competence in work dynamics

Tanvir Ahmed Mozumder

Statistics Discipline, Khulna University

ID: 122002

3rd year, 2nd Term

Md. Sazedur Rahman

Statistics Discipline, Khulna University

ID: 122015

3rd year, 2nd Term

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3OverviewOur aims were to identify whether there is any differences of the capability of working among male and female worker’s of Mongla cement factory which is situated in Bagerhat. Mongla cement factory is one of the most modern cement factory in Bangladesh. This study is based on a primary survey data of total number of 193 factory workers where there are 11 workers are female.

To analyze the data we considered the age and gender distribution of the factory worker, condition of working time and overtime, discrimination among male and female worker on the issue of social status, payments of working hours and overtime hour. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze and interpret the data.

4Objective Primary Objective:The primary objective is to compare working competency among female and male workers on the basis of social status, conditions and payments of working hour and overtime works.

 

Secondary Objective:More specifically, this study entails the following aspects:  To provide a brief overview of the workers of Mongla Cement Factory. Identify the age and gender distribution of the factory workers. To discover any problem of getting payments faced by worker for doing overtime. To find whether the factory follows the policy of Bangladesh labor law. To present our observation and suggestion to the factory.

Key FactorWorkerWorker is the one who participated either full-time activity or part-time in the activity of the enterprise. The worker may serve the enterprise in any capacity-primary or supervisory. He or She receives wages/salaries in return to his/her work; incidental to or connected with the entrepreneurial activity. Working hourThis means the period of time during which a worker have to work, and time off with pay instead of overtime pay provided by an employer or organizations by a worker. Standard working hoursIt refers to the legislation to limit the working hours per day, per week or per month. By the labor law of Bangladesh, work hour are set at eight hours per day, 48 hours a week, with one hour interval once or half an hour interval twice per for 8 hours work a day, and a with weekly rest dayOvertimeOvertime means time actually worked beyond a prescribed threshold. By the Labor law of Bangladesh, overtime work is maximum of two hours a day. The usual payment for doing overtime twice the early rumination.

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MethodologyMethodology is the working procedure of the study that followed by the researcher to get the target result when the sequential steps are followed to conduct our research work is known as methodology. To accomplish our report we follow some which are given below:

Selection of the

Topic

Selection of the

Study area

Sample

Selection

Question

Preparation

Data collect

ion

Analysis of the data

Report Preparation

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Analysis and interpretationAge distribution:

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From Mongla Cement Factory we surveyed 193 worker. The minimum aged worker is 18 years old who joined in the factory less than 1 year ago. We can say that in this factory the authority don’t recruit less than 18 year old people. Thus we can conclude that there is no child labor.

Age interval of the workers

Number of workers

Percentage

Age 18 to 28 35 18.13Age 29 to 38 57 29.53Age 39 to 48 62 32.12Age 49 to 58 34 17.62Age 59 to 68 4 2.07Age 69 to 78 1 0.52Total 193 100

8Analysis and interpretation

Worker working in this factory for how many year?

Number of workers Percentage

Less than one year 9 4.661 to 5 year 67 34.726 to 10 year 47 24.35More than 10 year 70 36.27Total 193 100

The Mongla Cement Factory started around 18 year ago. Out of the 193 worker 36.27% of worker are working in this factory for more than 10 year. The following bar chart shows a summarized information of the worker’s year of working in this factory.

Working year summary:

9Analysis and interpretationWorking hour per day:

Working hour per day

Number of worker Percentage

Less Than 6 hours 5 2.596 to 8 hour 177 91.719 to 12 hour 7 3.63More than 12 hour 4 2.07Total 193 100

Here, we can see that out of 193 worker 5 of the worker told us that they work less than 6 hour a day, 177 workers told us that they work 6 to 8 hour a day, 7 worker told that they work 9 to 12 hour a day and the rest 4 worker told that they work 4 hour a day.

10Analysis and interpretationOver time status of the workers:

From this tabulated value we observe that most of the worker in the Factory do overtime. Out of 193 worker 143 worker informed us that they do overtime while the rest 50 don’t do overtime. The percentage of the person does and doesn’t do overtime is graphically given below.

Does the respondent do overtime?

Number of worker

Percentage of worker

Does Overtime 143 74.09Does not do overtime

50 25.91

Total 193 100

11Analysis and interpretationOver time hour per day of the workers:

As we saw from the previous table that out of 193 worker 143 worker do overtime. Out of this 143 people 14.69% of worker do overtime less than 2 hour per day. 66 worker do 2 to 4 hour overtime per day and 56 worker told that they do more the 4 hour overtime per day. The percentage of peoples per hour overtime is shown by a bar chart.

Overtime per day Number of worker

Percentage of worker

Less than 2 hour 21 14.692 to 4 hour 66 46.15More than 4 hour 56 39.16Total 143 100

12Analysis and interpretationInformation regarding payment of overtime

Out of these 143 worker 135 worker told us that they get paid for doing overtime and only 8 worker told that they don’t get paid for doing overtime. As we can see from the data that 94.41% of worker told that they get paid for doing overtime and by talking with the worker we are informed that they get double of their usual per hour salary for doing overtime per hour. Thus we can ignore the 5.59% of worker who told that they don’t get paid for doing overtime.

Does he get paid for overtime

Number of worker

Percentage

Yes 135 94.41No 8 5.59Total 143 100

13Analysis and interpretationWorker’s earning per month from doing overtime

Here, Out of 135 worker who do overtime 16 worker told that they get less than 1000 taka for doing overtime. 59 worker claimed that they get 1000 to 3000 taka by doing overtime and the rest 60 worker told that they get more than 3000 taka per month by doing overtime. These information is summarized in the bar chart below.

How much does the respondent get paid for doing overtime?

Number of worker

Percentage

Less than 1000 taka

16 11.85

1000 to 3000 taka 59 43.70More than 3000 taka

60 44.44

Total 135 100

14Analysis and interpretationMale female worker percentage in Factory:

From the table we can see that in Mongla Cement Factory out of 193 worker 182 are Male and only 11 are female. Thus the percentage of Male worker is 94.30% and Female worker is 5.70%.

Gender Number of Worker

Percentage of worker

Male 182 94.30%Female 11 5.70%Total 193 100%

15Analysis and interpretationMale female working hour:

This table is tabulated to see both male and female workers working hour per day. From the data we can see that 2.75% of the male worker claimed that they work less than 6 hour a day where no female worker claimed that they work less than 6 hour a day. 92.86% of male and 72.73% of female told that they work 6 to 8 hours a day. 3.30% of male and 9.09% of female worker claimed that they work more than 8 hours a day.

From the tabulated values we can see that in Mongla cement factory both Male and Female worker work same amount of hour per day. It can be said that male and female are equally active worker in the factory.

  Male FemaleWorking hour per

day

Number of worker

Percentage Number of worker

Percentage

Less than 6 hour

5 2.75 0 0

6 to 8 hour 169 92.86 8 72.739 to 12 hour

6 3.30 1 9.09

More than 12 hour

2 1.10 2 18.18

Total 182 100 11 100

16Analysis and interpretationMale female overtime status:

We saw from the previous table that male and female worker does fulfill the same amount of working hour per day. In this table we can see that out of 182 male worker 74.73% does overtime and out of 11 female worker 63.64% of female worker does over time.

  Male FemaleDoes the

respondent do

overtime?

Number of worker

percentage Number of worker

Percentage

Yes 136 74.73 7 63.64No 46 25.27 4 36.36

Total 182 100 11 100

17Analysis and interpretationTesting whether male and female worker are significantly different active:

We want to know that whether Male and Female are equally active as a factory worker. To test that we considered the variable which indicates whether the worker do overtime and gender. As we can see that there is 182 male worker and 11 female worker we used Pearson chi-square test of proportion to test whether male and female are equally active.

To test this we considered the P1 and P2 are the respective proportion of the male and female worker who does over time. We consider the following hypothesis under 5% level of confidence.

H0: P1 = P2

H1: P1 ≠ P2

 Now to check the hypothesis we consider the 2×2 contingency table. The analysis is done by STATA software.

18Analysis and interpretationTesting whether male and female worker are significantly different active:

  Does the respondent do overtime?  Gender of the respondent

Yes No Total

Male 136 46 182Female 7 4 11Total 143 50 193

Pearson chi2 (1) = 0.6645 Pr = 0.415Likelihood-ratio chi 2(1) = .6207 Pr = 0.431 Fisher’s exact = 0.480 1-sided Fisher's exact = 0.309From the result we see that the P-value of Pearson chi-square test of proportion is 0.415. As the P-value is greater than significance level .05 thus we may accept the null hypothesis that P1=P2.So from the test result we can draw inference that both male and female worker are equally active.

Findings of the analysisFROM THE ANALYSIS WE FOUND THAT BOTH MALE AND FEMALE WORKERS ARE EQUALLY COMPETENCE IN WORKING. THIS WAS OUR MAIN FINDINGS OF THE STUDY. WE ALSO FOUND SOME OTHER INFORMATION REGARDING OUR DATA. THOSE ARE GIVEN BELOW. THE RATIO OF MALE AND FEMALE WORKER IN MONGLA CEMENT FACTORY IS VERY LOW.

THERE IS NO CHILD LABOR IN THE FACTORY

THE FACTORY FOLLOWS THE LABOR LAW OF WORKING HOUR IN BANGLADESH.

THREE WORKER IN EVERY 4 WORKER DO OVERTIME IN THE FACTORY

IF WE IGNORE THE DATA OF 5.59% IF WORKER THAN WE CAN SAY THAT THE WORKER GET EXTRA SALARY FOR DOING OVERTIME.

AROUND 36 PERCENT OF THE WORKER ARE WORKING IN THIS FACTORY FOR MORE THAN 10 YEARS.

BY THE LABOR LAW OF BANGLADESH OVERTIME WORK IS MAXIMUM TWO HOURS PER DAY WHERE IN THIS FACTORY WE OBSERVED THAT 85.31% WORKER TOLD THAT THEY WORK OVERTIME FOR MORE THAN TWO HOURS PER DAY. SO WE CAN SAY THAT THE FACTORY IGNORES THE LABOR LAW OF BANGLADESH REGARDING OVERTIME.

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2014, July. Employment Standard, Overtime hours and overtime pay.

Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS). 2011. Report on Sample of the Labour Force Survey Bangladesh, 2010. Dhaka, Bangladesh. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics.

Hossain,Jakir ; Ahmed , Mustafiz and Akhter, Afroza. Bangladesh Labor Law: Reform Directions. Retrieved from.

Murayama, Mayaumi. (2006). Globalization and female employment in Bangladesh: Readymade Garments Workers in Post- MFA Era, Chapter 3.

Paul Maxwell-Cook. 2012. Cement industry overview: Bangladesh 40 years.

World Bank. 2011. World Development Report 2012: Gender Equality and Development (Washington DC, The World Bank).

20References

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