12/18/2014

QUANTATIVE ANALYSIS

REPORT

Group Members:

1. SYEDA TOOBA ABDI

2. ASHAR ABBAS

3. MAAZ-UL-HAQ

4. MUHAMMED HASHIM

5. SYED ANAS ABDALI

LITERATURE REVIEW

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Review # 1:

Local Responses Hypermarket Retail Store Efficiency in Portugal

Carlos Pestana Barros and Carlos Alberto Alves 2003 investigated Local Responses Hypermarket retail store efficiency in Portugal by using 2000. They have used Data analysis, Competitive strategy, Retailing and applied regression. Result of the study suggested that “The general conclusion is that the majority of the outlets are efficient, although this leaves a proportion of the outlets analyzed that are not inefficient. For the inefficient outlets, we identified peer groups among the efficient operations, in addition to the slacks that they should adjust in order to achieve the efficient frontier.” It is recommended that “We emphasize two managerial implications of our findings. First, the group management should change its managerial procedure in order to adopt an efficient, enhanced incentive policy, which would enable the inefficient stores to catch up with the efficient frontier. Second, the adjustment must be based on the improvement of technical efficiency. More investigation is needed to address the limitations identified.”

Review # 2:

Wagner’sResult of the study suggested that the level of total expenditure and several of its sub-categories particularly insurance trust benefits and social services and income maintenance grew at rates above the rate of growth of GDP on an inflation adjusted basis.

Review # 3:

Empirical Investigation of Entrepreneurial Environment in Sudan

Yagoub ali gangi elfadil timan 2013 empirically analyzed an empirical investigation of entrepreneurial environment In Sudan by using 3, 2013. They have used Sudan, entrepreneurialism, entrepreneurial environment and applied regression. Result of the study suggested that it was found that entrepreneurial environment is slightly poor. Out of the six components of entrepreneurial environment, three (economic, education and infrastructure and public support) were Found in the middle neither poor nor strong, while

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the other three (political, social and Cultural, and legal and administrative) were poor. This poor entrepreneurial environment is partially due to misguided government policies. In addition social and cultural factors.

Review # 4:

Transition in Poland: Economic Success and Social Failure?

Maria Aluchna 2007 find out Transition in Poland: Economic Success and Social Failure? By using 2006. They have used Poland, Economics, Social policy, Economic development and applied Name of Statistical Test. Result of the study suggested that the economic success is much easier to accomplish than the change within the social system. Apparently, these social groups (well educated, entrepreneurs, business people) which benefited from transition perceive the change in a positive way, however some failures referring to unemployment, poverty or homelessness are undoubtedly detected. Social groups that lost mostly as result of transition reforms (workers, farmers, pensioners) indicate their frustration and disappointment.

Review # 5:

Effect Of Oil Priceit is concluded that the relationship between the agricultural sector and oil revenues in the developing and oil-exporting countries, the results show a relationship between oil price and the share of manufacturing value added with no-oil GDP.

Review # 6:

The Determinants of U.S. Foreign Direct Investment in India: Implications and Policy Issues

Balasun dram Ma niam 1998 examined The Determinants of U.S. Foreign Direct Investment in India: Implications and Policy Issues by using 1962 to 1994. They have used FDI and applied regression. Result of the study suggested that the adoption of the liberalization process orchestrated an increase in foreign direct investment in India from a pal try $148 million in 1991-92 to a comfortable $3 billion in 1993- 94. The policies of the free market economy have created this recent surge in foreign investments. However, to facilitate continued increase in FDI, liberalization policies have to correspond with the improvement of basic infrastructure, do away with the protectionist sentiment, and re duce the rigors of red tape.

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Review # 7:

Bank ProfitabilityAnalysis exhibits that there is a positive relationship between bank profitability, cost efficiency, banking sector development, stock market development and inflation in China. The authors report that low profitability can be explained by higher volume of non-traditional activity and higher taxation. Moreover, the authors confirm that there is a competitive environment in the Chinese banking industry.

Review # 8:

Competition and Contestability in Central and Eastern European Banking Markets

H. Semih Yildirim and George C. Philippatos year (1993-2000) empirically examined Competition and contestability in Central and Eastern European banking markets by using 3, 2007. They have used Banks, Competitors, Transition management, Central Europe, Eastern Europe and applied regression model. Result of the study suggested that, this infant area will continue to receive a great deal of attention, particularly because a number of interesting questions have been suggested by the examination of competitive structure. It will be interesting for future research to inquire.

Review # 9:

Investigated the Missing C That Threatens To Flood Us All

Nick Potts Southampton Solent University, Southampton, UK investigated the missing C that threatens to flood us all by using 3, 2011. They have used Marxist economics, Capital, Economic theory, Value analysis, Social systems and applied correlation model. Result of the study suggested that, Fundamental choices would still have to be made it explains how we would have to balance the need to invest in production and technological progress, to better satisfy human needs in the future, with the requirement of devoting sufficient resources to satisfying human needs today.

Review # 10:

Degree of Openness and Inflation

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The results show that there is relation between the degree of openness and the type of inflation targeting policy.

Review # 11:

Test Evidence for the OECD Countries, (1965-85)

Paul C. Fowler and Donald G. Richards (Indiana State University, Terre Haute, Indiana, USA) year (1995),empirically analyzed Test evidence for the OECD countries, (1965-85) by using 3, 1995. They have used DCAP, DLAB, SIZE, DGDP, RATE, GDP, MS, DEF and RD and applied regression model. Result of the study suggested that, the size of public enterprise sector has a significant negative effect on economic growth for the OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) countries. Future empirical work on these issues needs to focus on two particular problems. First, more research must be done to examine the specific ways in which the PE sector affects the government budget, Cond, more research is needed on the alleged external economies provided by public enterprises.

Review # 12:

Direct Tax Reformthe result shows that the Tax reform should be guided by practical considerations and the important objective of the direct tax reform should be to eliminate distortions and invigorate the market mechanism and the incentive system. Direct taxes do not play an important role in the generation of revenue. Some economists, therefore, erroneously suggest that there is a need to increase the direct tax base and increase the proportion of the direct taxes in total tax revenue.

Review # 13:

The Nigerian Informal Economy

Sola Fajana (University of Lagos, Akoka, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria), empirically find out The Nigerian informal economy, by using 4, 2008. They have used Economic development, Pay policies, Trade unions and applied regression model. Result of the study suggested that, the real issue in developing countries is for work of any kind to be available on account of current high levels of unemployment. It is agreed that decent work is one of the keys to solving the problems of poverty in developing countries. The net effect would be a promotion of decent work in the sector and an advancement of socio-economic development for the nation.

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Review # 14:

Historical Outlook of Indonesian Competitivenessit is suggested that the competitive position of Indonesia is compared to other Asian countries and different government policies and strategies from the first president (Soekarno) till the current president (Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono).

Review # 15:

Investigated Determinants of Bank Performance: Evidence for Latin America

Mauricio Jara-Bertin, Jose´ Arias Moya, Arturo Rodrı´guez Perales investigated determinants of bank performance: evidence for Latin America by using 2014.They have used ROA, NIM, CDT, DEPTA, LIQ and applied name of regression .Result of the study suggested that The process during these last years in terms of bank industry deregulation has Brought a change both in focus and orientation. It has also has produced higher Competence in capital and intermediary markets. Thus, the current banking industry has a higher level of diversification level.

Review # 16:

Wage Policy In Highit is concluded that it is very difficult to draw straightforward conclusions about the links between indexation and inflation, or indexation and wage flexibility, without taking into account the specific indexation scheme applied for adjusting wages.

Review # 17:

Capital Inflow, Growth Sustainability and Financial Debacles

B.N Ghosh 2003 examined Capital Inflow, Growth Sustainability and Financial Debacles by using 2006.They have used INFLATION CURRENCY GDP MONOPOLY INCOME and applied name of regression. Result of the study suggested that although capital inflow is conducive to economic growth, it may also generate the problem of macroeconomic vulnerability and unsustainability, and in such a situation, the occurrence of financial crisis may not be an uncommon possibility.

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Review # 18:

The Rain Forest and The Rock Garden: The Economic Impacts of Open Source Softwareit summarize that the way forward in economic terms for Europe may well be to follow and encourage OSS for reasons of creating a strong software industry and for a counterbalance to current monopolistic trends.

Review # 19:

Housing Subsidies and Taxation in Six EU Countries – Trends, Structures and Recent Measures In Light Of the Global Financial Crisis

Robert Wieser and Alexis mundt (2014) empirically analyzed Housing subsidies and taxation in six EU countries – trends, structures and recent measures in light of the global financial crisis by using 2014.They have used INCOME, GDP, CURRENCY, INFLATION, MONOPOLY and the name of ---------.Result of the study suggested that The collection and documentation of related data remains a valuable and rewarding enterprise. It should be strongly encouraged to help policy makers take informed decisions on housing policy in the future

Review # 20:

Analysis of the Russian Retail Sector

Harri Lorentz Lotta Häkkinen Olli-Pekka Hilmola, (2006) empirically analyzed Analysis of the Russian retail sector by using 2014.They have used INFLATION GDP INCOME and the name of the ------.Result of the study suggested that acquisition activity among domestic firms is gradually increasing, and leading firms have gained quite significant sales figures during the recent years (current annual).

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DATA ANALYSIS

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In this study section we analyze to be collected data through EVIEWS software for

getting the most desirable results. We have taken this data from the website of

www.indexmundi.com. (IndexMundi is a data portal that gathers facts and statistics from

multiple sources and turns them into easy to use visuals.)

1. Descriptive Analysis:

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From the given set of data of LNFDI, the central tendency is follow the rule of the empirical relationship so the data is normal and its dispersion is 0.91 from its mean value. 3rd moment shows that the data has skewness and its tail is toward to right and kurtosis of the data is leptokurtic

From the given set of data of LNGDP, the central tendency is follow the rule of the empirical relationship so the data is normal and its dispersion is 0.43 from its mean value. 3rd moment shows that the data has skewness and its tail is toward to right and kurtosis of the data is leptokurtic

From the given set of data of LNM2, the central tendency is follow the rule of the empirical relationship so the data is normal and its dispersion is 0.67 from its mean value. 3rd moment shows that the data has skewness and its tail is toward to right and kurtosis of the data is leptokurtic

From the given set of data of HE, the central tendency is follow the rule of the empirical relationship so the data is normal and its dispersion is 0.31 from its mean value. 3rd moment shows that the data has skewness and its tail is toward to right and kurtosis of the data is leptokurtic

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2. Regression:

LNGDP = c + x1(LNM2) - x2(HE) + x3(LNFDI)

This is the line of regression between GDP & HE which implies if we increase one unit in HE therefore it will result in the decrease in 0.16 units in GDP.

This is the line of regression between GDP & FDI which implies if we increase one unit in FDI therefore it will result in the increase in 0.55 units in GDP.

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This is the line of regression between GDP & M2 which implies if we increase one unit in M2 therefore it will result in the increase in 0.56 units in GDP.

3. Correlation:

The FDI has positive high degree correlation with GDP

The M2 has positive high degree correlation with GDP

The HE has negative moderate degree correlation with GDP

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4. Graphs:

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REFERENCE:

A re-examination of Wagner’s Law using US total state and local expenditure and its sub-categoriesSaeid MahdaviThe University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA

A study of the effect of oil pricefluctuation on industrial andagricultural products in IranMehdi MoradiAccounting Department, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, IranMahdi SalehiAccounting Department, Guilan University, Rasht City, Iran, andMohammad KeivanfarFerdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad

Bank profitability and inflation: The case of ChinaYong TanDepartment of Economics, Portsmouth Business School,University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK, andChristos FlorosDepartment of Economics, Portsmouth Business School,University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK andDepartment of Finance and Insurance, TEI of Crete, Crete, Greece

Degree of openness and inflation targeting policy: Model of a small open economyJihene BousrihUniversity of Rennes 1, Rennes, France

Direct tax reform in privatizing economies A comparative study of India and Latin American countriesJ. Ram PillarisettiDeakin University, Victoria, Australia

Historical outlook of Indonesian competitiveness: Past and current performanceSari WahyuniFaculty of Economics, University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia, andKwan Kee NgAsia Competitiveness Institute, Singapore

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The rain forest and the rock garden: The economic impacts of open source softwareSimon Forge

Wage policy in high inflation countriesThe role of indexation in Latin America during the 1980sAndrés E. MarinakisGeneva, Switzerland

Local Responses Hypermarket Retail Store Efficiency in PortugalCarlos Pestana Barros and Carlos Alberto Alves 2003

Empirical Investigation of Entrepreneurial Environment in SudanYagoub ali gangi elfadil timan 2013

Transition in Poland: Economic Success and Social Failure?Maria Aluchna 2007

The Determinants of U.S. Foreign Direct Investment in India: Implications and Policy IssuesBalasun dram Ma niam 1998

Competition and Contestability in Central and Eastern European Banking MarketsH. Semih Yildirim and George C. Philippatos year (1993-2000)

Investigated the Missing C That Threatens To Flood Us AllNick Potts Southampton Solent University, Southampton, UK

Test Evidence for the OECD Countries, (1965-85)Paul C. Fowler and Donald G. Richards (Indiana State University, Terre Haute, Indiana, USA) year (1995)

The Nigerian Informal EconomySola Fajana (University of Lagos, Akoka, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria)

Investigated Determinants of Bank Performance: Evidence for Latin AmericaMauricio Jara-Bertin, Jose´ Arias Moya, Arturo Rodrı´guez Perales

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Capital Inflow, Growth Sustainability and Financial DebaclesB.N Ghosh 2003 examined Capital Inflow

Housing Subsidies and Taxation in Six EU Countries – Trends, Structures and Recent Measures In Light Of the Global Financial CrisisRobert Wieser and Alexis mundt (2014)

Analysis of the Russian Retail SectorHarri Lorentz Lotta Häkkinen Olli-Pekka Hilmola, (2006)

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APPENDIX:

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REFERENCES

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References:

A re-examination of Wagner’s Law using US total state and local expenditure and its sub-categoriesSaeid MahdaviThe University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA

A study of the effect of oil price fluctuation on industrial and agricultural products in IranMehdi MoradiAccounting Department, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, IranMahdi SalehiAccounting Department, Guilan University, Rasht City, Iran, andMohammad KeivanfarFerdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad

Bank profitability and inflation: the case of ChinaYong TanDepartment of Economics, Portsmouth Business School,University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK, andChristos FlorosDepartment of Economics, Portsmouth Business School,University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK andDepartment of Finance and Insurance, TEI of Crete, Crete, Greece

Degree of openness and inflation targeting policy: model of a small open economyJihene BousrihUniversity of Rennes 1, Rennes, France

Direct tax reform in privatizing economies A comparative study of India and Latin American countriesJ. Ram PillarisettiDeakin University, Victoria, Australia

Historical outlook of Indonesian competitiveness: past and current performanceSari WahyuniFaculty of Economics, University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia, andKwan Kee NgAsia Competitiveness Institute, Singapore

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The rain forest and the rock garden: the economic impacts of open source softwareSimon Forge

Wage policy in high inflation countries The role of indexation in Latin America during the 1980sAndrés E. MarinakisGeneva, Switzerland

Local Responses Hypermarket Retail Store Efficiency in PortugalCarlos Pestana Barros and Carlos Alberto Alves 2003

Empirical Investigation of Entrepreneurial Environment in Sudan

Yagoub ali gangi elfadil timan 2013

Transition in Poland: Economic Success and Social Failure?

Maria Aluchna 2007

The Determinants of U.S. Foreign Direct Investment in India: Implications and Policy Issues

Balasun dram Ma niam 1998

Competition and Contestability in Central and Eastern European Banking Markets

H. Semih Yildirim and George C. Philippatos year (1993-2000)

Investigated the Missing C That Threatens To Flood Us All

Nick Potts Southampton Solent University, Southampton, UK

Test Evidence for the OECD Countries, (1965-85)

Paul C. Fowler and Donald G. Richards (Indiana State University, Terre Haute, Indiana, USA) year (1995)

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The Nigerian Informal Economy

Sola Fajana (University of Lagos, Akoka, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria)

Investigated Determinants of Bank Performance: Evidence for Latin America

Mauricio Jara-Bertin, Jose´ Arias Moya, Arturo Rodrı´guez Perales

Capital Inflow, Growth Sustainability and Financial Debacles

B.N Ghosh 2003 examined Capital Inflow

Housing Subsidies and Taxation in Six EU Countries – Trends, Structures and Recent Measures In Light Of the Global Financial Crisis

Robert Wieser and Alexis mundt (2014)

Analysis of the Russian Retail Sector

Harri Lorentz Lotta Häkkinen Olli-Pekka Hilmola, (2006)

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