Introduction

The standard dictionary definition of the term implementation is simply thisTo put into effect according to some definite plan or procedure.Think of implementation as a deliberate and sequential set of activities directed toward putting a policy into effect, making it occur. Here are some synonyms: achieve, effect, fulfill, discharge, set in motion, do, establish, accomplish, finish, realize, actualize. Something must now actually happen to the authorized policy.

Within the public policy cycle, we can provide some context to a working definition of implementation:

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Public Policy

Public policy is the principled guide to action taken by the administrative executive branches of the state with regard to a class of issues in a manner consistent with law and institutional customs. The foundation of public policy is composed of national constitutional laws and regulations

Implementation

Implementation consists of organized activities by government directed toward the-achievement of goals and objectives articulated in authorized policy statements.Implementation inspires little interest among the general public, the media, the elected officials, and even students of public policy. In particular, the electronic media (television and radio) fails to cover the nitty-gritty of organization-building required for successful implementation. Political leaders regard this as the province of the executive branch.

Politics and Implementation

Consider the larger politics of implementation. We should not expect that political influence is absent during the implementation process, as if politics abruptly stops with agenda setting and policy formulation. Do not take for granted that simply because the President orders that a governmental agency do or cease something, that the order is fully obeyed. Noncompliance may not be typical, but it happens. This is why good public policy practice demands extensive consultation in advance with those who will later be charged with the implementation of the policy.

Such considerations of the role of implementation in the policy process are rare. There is a tradition to which we turn: Public administration and bureaucracy.

Improving Implementation

Question that arises how to make things better , Tried to gave some solution that could make situation better.. The first stresses organizational efficacy and the second reflects the fear many have in large, expensive, and intrusive government.We will conclude this chapter with two sets of prescriptions about how to improve public policy implementation. Political scientists Sabatier have identified five conditions which they believe are necessary for effective implementation, which are adapted and augmented below:

The policy must be conceptually clear and simple, theoretically sound, and stated in terms of desired changes achieved among target groups. It is vital that the means-ends analysis actually represent real world cause-effect relationships.

The policy should clearly specify who does what and how. Clear directives and organizational structures should be issued in the legislative process.

Effective and recognized leadership, skilled and experienced, should be committed to the policy.

Active constituency groups and policy champions within government should support the policy throughout the implementation stage. Advisory groups and legislative oversight are helpful.

The Executive priority given to the policy and its goals must not fade, nor can conflicting public policies or changing conditions weaken the implementation of the policy.